g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá - napa valley college · unity a good check on unity is to ask yourself...

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá

Stage 4:Stage 4:

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá

~ Stage 1: Exploring, ~ Stage 1: Exploring,

Gathering InformationGathering Information----

Using Prewriting Strategies:Using Prewriting Strategies:

--BrainstormingBrainstorming

--ClusteringClustering

--FreewritingFreewriting

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá

~ Stage 2: Planning the Essay~ Stage 2: Planning the Essay

-- Writing the Controlling IdeaWriting the Controlling Idea

-- Organizing and Developing Support:Organizing and Developing Support:

> Listing> Listing

> Outlining > Outlining

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá~ Stage 3:~ Stage 3:

-- Writing the first draftWriting the first draft

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá

~ Stage 4:~ Stage 4:

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá

What you do beyond the first draft is:What you do beyond the first draft is:

~~ RevisionRevision

~~ EditingEditing

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá

REVISION includes checking for REVISION includes checking for organization, content, and organization, content, and language effectiveness.language effectiveness.

EDITING includes checking for EDITING includes checking for spelling, punctuation, spelling, punctuation, capitalization.capitalization.

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

CC

LL

UU

EE

SS

SS

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

��CCOHERENCEOHERENCE

��LLANGUAGEANGUAGE

��UUNITYNITY

��EEMPHASISMPHASIS

��SSUPPORTUPPORT

��SSENTENCESENTENCES

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

REVISINGREVISING

1.1. COHERENCE: COHERENCE:

-- Orderly relationships of ideas.Orderly relationships of ideas.

-- Each idea leads smoothly andEach idea leads smoothly and

logically to the next.logically to the next.

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

CoherenceCoherence

--Is there a clear pattern of organizationIs there a clear pattern of organization

(time, space or emphasis?)(time, space or emphasis?)

--Do you use Do you use ““TransitionsTransitions””??

Time: Time: now, then, later, finally

Space: Space: above, below, up, downabove, below, up, down

Emphasis: Emphasis: first, second, lastfirst, second, last

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

-- Is coherence enhanced by the use of Is coherence enhanced by the use of

transitional terms, pronouns, repetition, transitional terms, pronouns, repetition,

and consistent point of view?and consistent point of view?

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

2. LANGUAGE2. LANGUAGE

-- Use appropriate language: Use appropriate language:

Academic languageAcademic language

-- ToneTone--attitude toward the material and attitude toward the material and

audience. audience.

-- Word Choice Word Choice –– Are the words precise in Are the words precise in

conveying meaning?conveying meaning?

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

3. UNITY3. UNITY

-- A controlling idea establishes unity in A controlling idea establishes unity in

every piece of good writing.every piece of good writing.

-- It is the central point around which the It is the central point around which the

supporting material revolves.supporting material revolves.

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

UnityUnity

For an essay, the elements areFor an essay, the elements are

~ the thesis~ the thesis

~ the supporting developmental paragraphs~ the supporting developmental paragraphs

All the supporting material should be related All the supporting material should be related to the thesis.to the thesis.

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|ÇzUnityUnity

A good check on unity is to ask yourself if A good check on unity is to ask yourself if everything in your essay is subordinate to and everything in your essay is subordinate to and derived from the controlling idea.derived from the controlling idea.

Do not confuse UNITY with COHERENCE:Do not confuse UNITY with COHERENCE:

COHERENCECOHERENCE: clear movement of thought from : clear movement of thought from sentence to sentence or paragraph to sentence to sentence or paragraph to paragraph.paragraph.

UNITYUNITY: Staying on topic: Staying on topic

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

4. EMPHASIS4. EMPHASIS

-- Are ideas properly placed Are ideas properly placed

(especially near the beginning and end)(especially near the beginning and end)

for emphasis?for emphasis?

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz5. SUPPORT5. SUPPORT

-- Is there adequate material: Is there adequate material:

examples, details, quotations and examples, details, quotations and

explanationsexplanations

to support each topic sentence and thesis?to support each topic sentence and thesis?

-- Are the points of support in the best Are the points of support in the best possible order?possible order?

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

6. SENTENCES:6. SENTENCES:

-- Are the sentences varied in length and Are the sentences varied in length and beginnings?beginnings?

-- Are the sentences varied in patternAre the sentences varied in pattern

(simple, compound, complex, comp/(simple, compound, complex, comp/complcompl)?)?

-- Are all problems with sentence structureAre all problems with sentence structure

(FRAGMENTS, COMMA SPLICES, RUN ONS)(FRAGMENTS, COMMA SPLICES, RUN ONS)corrected?corrected?

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

EDITING:EDITING:

spelling, punctuation, capitalizationspelling, punctuation, capitalization

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

Revise your first draft:Revise your first draft:

1. Read the essay from the beginning to the end for an 1. Read the essay from the beginning to the end for an overall assessment. overall assessment.

~Is it coherent? ~Is it coherent?

~Is it unified?~Is it unified?

~Is it well supported?~Is it well supported?

2. Read the essay a second time for 2. Read the essay a second time for ““content.content.””Read each paragraph and answer the Read each paragraph and answer the ““ContentContent””questions in the peer review form.questions in the peer review form.

3. Read the essay a third time for 3. Read the essay a third time for ““form.form.”” Read each Read each sentence aloud to hear and correct any grammatical sentence aloud to hear and correct any grammatical errors or awkwarderrors or awkward--sounding sentences. sounding sentences. Use the Use the ““FormForm”” section of the Peer Review Form.section of the Peer Review Form.

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|Çz

4. Editing: 4. Editing:

In practice, revising and editing are not In practice, revising and editing are not

always separate activities.always separate activities.

It is recommended that you wait until the It is recommended that you wait until the

nextnext--toto--thethe--last draft to edit some minor last draft to edit some minor

details and other small points that can be details and other small points that can be

easily overlooked.easily overlooked.

g{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáág{x jÜ|à|Çz cÜÉvxáá@@exä|á|Çzexä|á|ÇzWrite your second draft.Write your second draft.

Include the revisions.Include the revisions.

Do not proofread on the computer screen.Do not proofread on the computer screen.

Print your second draft. Print your second draft.

Edit second draft.Edit second draft.

PrintPrint

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