g.v.p. reddy r. muniappan references/pii/biocontrol... · 2009-11-24 · melittia oedipus...
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•Coccinia grandis (Family: Cucurbitaceae)
•Common Names: Ivy gourd, scarlet gourd
•Origin: East Africa
•Vine
•Perennial
•Dioecious – Male and Female plants are separate
Widely used as vegetable in Asia and by Asian communities in USA, New Zealand and Australia
Hawaii - first record in 1968
C. grandis became a problem only in Hawaiian Islands, Saipan and Guam
It became invasive in 1980’s in Marianas
C. grandis is a host for most of the
pests of cucurbitaceous crops such as
water melon, cucumber etc.
Melon fly
Pumpkin beetle
Melon worm
Melon aphid
Seeds spread by birds
Roots readily at the nodes
Smothers native vegetation in the
forests and roadsides
Affects plantation crops
Resistant to herbicides such “Round up”
Mechanical, cultural and chemical
control methods are not practical
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL – only option
THREE NATURAL ENEMIES WERE
IDENTIFIED IN EAST AFRICA
Acythopeus cocciniae (Curculionidae)
Acythopeus burkhartorum
(Curculionidae)
Melittia oedipus (Sesiidae)
Change in the Number of Adult C. cocciniae Weevils from June 2003-May
2004 at Initial Release at Yigo
Bamba et al. 2009. Micronesica 41: 71-82
Reddy, G.V.P., Z.T. Cruz, and R. Muniappan. 2009. Life-history, host preference and establishment
status of Melittia oedipus (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a biological control agent for Coccinia grandis
(Cucurbitaceae) in the Mariana Islands. Plant Protection Quarterly 24: 27-31.
Oviposition rate of M. oedipus
Duration of life stages of M. oedipus
Reddy, G.V.P., Z.T. Cruz, N. Braganza, and R. Muniappan. 2009. The response of Melittia oedipus (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)
to visual cues is increased by the presence of food source. Journal of Economic Entomology 102: 127-132.
Attraction of M. oedipus different colors under free-choice test
Attraction of M. oedipus different colors under no-choice test
Reddy, G.V.P., Z.T. Cruz, and R. Muniappan. 2009. Life-history, host preference and establishment status of Melittia
oedipus (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a biological control agent for Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae) in the Mariana Islands.
Plant Protection Quarterly 24: 27-31.
All the three agents were introduced to
Hawaii in 1990s
Thirty species of plants from nine
families were host specificity tested in
Hawaii
Zehnaria guamensis (Cucurbitaceae) is an endemic melon plant in Guam. It was host specificity tested in Guam for these agents.
A. cocciniae
A. burkhartorum
M. oedipus
A. cocciniae – Field released in Guam &
Saipan on May 2003
A. burkhartorum – field released in Guam
on Oct. 2004 & Saipan on Feb. 2005
M. oedipus – field released in Guam and
Saipan beginning July and August 2007
Investigations on the field establishment and its efficacy are being carried out in the Marianas.
Melittia oedipus and Acythopiuscocciniae established in the field.
Acythopius burkhartorum has not established.
A. cocciniae larvae attacked by a hymenopterous parasitoid in Guam and Saipan
CONCLUSION
We expect to achieve similar results in Guam
and Saipan as in Hawaii by introducing these
three natural enemies.
1. Muniappan, R., G.V.P. Reddy, and A. Raman. 2009. Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae). In:
Biological Control of Tropical Weeds Using Arthropods (Editors: R. Muniappan, G. V. P., Reddy and A.
Raman). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 175–182.
2. Reddy, G.V.P., Z.T. Cruz, N. Braganza, and R. Muniappan. 2009. The response of Melittia oedipus
(Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) to visual cues is increased by the presence of food source. Journal of Economic
Entomology 102: 127-132.
3. Reddy, G.V.P., Z.T. Cruz, and R. Muniappan. 2009. Life-history, host preference and establishment
status of Melittia oedipus (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a biological control agent for Coccinia grandis
(Cucurbitaceae) in the Mariana Islands. Plant Protection Quarterly 24: 27-31.
4. Bamba, J.P., R.H. Miller, G.V.P. Reddy, and R. Muniappan. 2009. Studies on the biology, host
specificity, and feeding behavior of Acythopeius cocciniae O’Brien and Pakaluk (Coleoptera:
curculionidae) on Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae) and Zehneria guamensis (Merrill) Fosberg
(Cucurbitaceae). Micronesica 41: 70-82.
5. Raman, A., Z.T. Cruz, R. Muniappan, and G.V.P. Reddy. 2007. Biology, host-specificity of gall-
inducing Acythopeus burkhartorum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a biological-control agent for the
invasive weed Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae) in Guam and Saipan. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 150:
181–191.
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