gsm radio coverage & capacity planning
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI Confidential
Security Level:
GSM Radio Coverage and Capacity
Planning
V 2.1
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The planning for the radio network mainly involve
s coverage and capacity. The coverage planning i
nvolves radio propagation and hardware model. T
he capacity planning involves channel configurati
on and location area planning. This course descri
bes the preceding contents.
Foreword
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• Planning for coverage and capacity
• Principles of selecting combiner-divider
• Technology of improving coverage
• Estimation of capacity
After learning this course, you should be
familiar with:
Purpose
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Contents
Chapter 1 Radio Network Planning
Chapter 2 Radio Coverage Planning
Chapter 3 Radio Capacity Planning
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Radio Network Planning
The radio network planning consists of coverage planning and
capacity planning that are interactional.
OutputSingle-BTS
capacity
OutputSingle-BTS
configuration
InputSubscriber
number/traffic model
Input Coverage
acreage/communication probability
Capacity planning
Coverage planning
OutputNetwork
capacity
OutputBTS quantity
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Radio Network Planning
New-constructed
network
Reconstruction network
expanded network
Swapped network
Category of radio network:
Different networks require different input information and focuses.
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Contents
Chapter 1 Radio Network Planning
Chapter 2 Radio Coverage Planning
Chapter 3 Radio Capacity Planning
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Basic Knowledge of Radio Coverage
Basic knowledge of radio coverage:
• Balance of uplink and downlink
• Communication probability
• Propagation model
• Forecast for coverage distance
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Balance of Uplink and Downlink
• Why the balance of uplink
and downlink is required?
• What are the factors that
may affect the balance of
uplink and downlink?
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Communication Probability Concept of communication probability: Success call rate of MS on the
radio coverage border or in the cell
Category of communication probability: location probability and time
probability
In general, the time change has little impact on the communication probability,
so it can be neglected.
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Propagation Model
Propagation model of free space (Lp=32.4+20logf+20logd)
Okumura-Hata model (Applying to forecast of 900M macro cell)
COST231-Hata model (Applying to forecast of 1800M macro cell)
COST231 Walfish Ikegami model (Applying to forecast of 900M and 18
00M micro cells)
Indoor propagation model (Keenan-Motley, applying to 900M and 1800
M cells)
Common propagation model
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Forecast of Coverage DistancePrinciples
1. According to the communication
probability, obtain the receiving
level median.
2. According to the balance of
uplink and downlink, estimate the
maximum path loss.
3. According to the features of
environment, confirm the
propagation model.
4. Forecast the coverage distance
of cell.
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Forecast of Coverage Distance
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Forecast of Coverage DistanceCase
To construct a 900MHz Network in the suburb that requires about
100 square kilometer coverage acreage, -94dBm minimum
receiving level, and 91% border coverage probability, forecast the
coverage distance and calculate the required quantity of BTSs.
Useful input information• Band: 900MHz• Network environment: suburb • Coverage acreage: 100km2
• Efficient receiving level: -94dBm• Border coverage probability: 91 %
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Forecast of Coverage DistanceFrequency
Environment
Probability
Level
Required BTS quantity
Coverage acreage
Coverage radius
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Question
What parameters are required in the coverage planning?
How to select coverage scheme according to coverage requirements?
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Contents
Chapter 1 Radio Network Planning
Chapter 2 Radio Coverage Planning
Chapter 3 Radio Capacity Planning
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Contents
Section 1 Basic Knowledge of Capacity Planning
Section 2 Capacity Planning
Section 3 Location Area Planning
Section 4 Expanding Network Capacity
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Basic Knowledge of Capacity PlanningFor the capacity planning, you need to know about the following basic concepts:
Traffic
Call exchange volume of a subscriber in a particular ti
me
Another name: traffic load ; Unit: Erlang;
Busy-hour traffic per subscriber: A=α•t
Call loss rate (service grade)
When all the channels of a system are occupied, use t
he following formula to calculate call loss rate:
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Basic Knowledge of Capacity PlanningErlang-B
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Capacity Planning
According to the number of subscribers, traffic model, and local economic
situations, forecast network traffic.
According to the number of BTSs, obtain the average traffic load of a single BTS
and channel configuration data.
Description about Capacity Planning
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Capacity PlanningCase about Traffic Model
A B C
0.018 0.018 0.018 0.015 0.015
48 48 48 40 40
39 39 39 33 33
57 57 57 47 47
1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35
80% 80% 80% 80% 80%
1.21 2.61 1.91 1.01 1.71
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
1 1.7 1.7 1 1.7
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Mobile-Mobile 40% 40% 40% 30% 30%
Fixed-Mobile 36% 36% 36% 38% 38%
Mobile-Fixed 24% 24% 24% 32% 32%
Rate of incoming roaming
Rate of outgoing roaming
Call put-through rate
Number of location update in busy hours
Traffic model
Others
Number of sending messages in busy hoursNumber of receiving messages in busy hours
Items
Busy-hour traffic per subscriber
Call rate
Rate of secondary paging
Number of handover per call
Average call duration
Calling quantity Called quantity
Number of calls in busy hours
Rate of activation
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Capacity Planning
A local network will be constructed. After two years, the
number of subscribers may attain 100,000. Provide that the
traffic per subscriber is 0.02Erl, 120 BTSs are required, and
the call loss rate is 2%.
Case about Capacity Forecast
Useful information• Subscriber quantity: 100,000• Call loss rate: 2%• Traffic model: 0.02Erl• Number of BTSs: 120
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Capacity PlanningCase about Capacity Forecast
① Roaming factor (traffic and developing trend): 10%; dynamic factor (burst traffi
c): 15%
Network capacity: 10×(1+10%+15%)=125000
① In terms of congestion, use 85% to calculate the bearer capability for traffic. T
hus, the design capacity of network is: 12.5/(85%)=147100, that is 150000.
② According to the provided traffic model, that is average 0.02Erl traffic, forecast
the busy-hour traffic of the whole network: 150000 ×0.02=3000Erl.
③ The average traffic per BTS is: 3000/120=15Erl, average traffic per cell: 15/3=
5Erl.
④ Based on 2% call loss rate, query the Erlang-B to find the number of voice ch
annels: 10 channels/every cell
⑤ The number of control channels: 12 channels/every cell, 2TRX/every cell
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Questions
• What data are required for capacity planning?
• For a new network, how to plan coverage and capacity and how to obtain number of BTSs and that of carriers?
Thank Youwww.huawei.com
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