growth of international information systems
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Growth of Growth of International International Information Information
SystemsSystemsIntroduction to CBISIntroduction to CBIS
Module 13(a)Module 13(a)
Global ISGlobal IS
The emergence of a global economic The emergence of a global economic system through information systemssystem through information systems
So, how do we build an international So, how do we build an international information systems architecture to information systems architecture to suit an organizations international suit an organizations international strategy?strategy?
Business DriversBusiness Drivers
Business ChallengesBusiness Challenges
SummarySummary
Growth of global information Growth of global information systemssystems
Drivers of global systemsDrivers of global systems
Evolution of an international Evolution of an international information systems architecture. information systems architecture.
Organizing Organizing International International Information Information
SystemsSystemsIntroduction to CBISIntroduction to CBIS
Module 13(b)Module 13(b)
Issues Facing Issues Facing OrganizationsOrganizations
Three issues face organizations Three issues face organizations seeking a global position:seeking a global position: Choosing a strategyChoosing a strategy Organizing the businessOrganizing the business Organizing the information systems Organizing the information systems
management areamanagement area
Global StrategiesGlobal Strategies
Four main global strategies form the Four main global strategies form the basis of organizational structurebasis of organizational structure Domestic ExporterDomestic Exporter MultinationalMultinational FranchiserFranchiser TransnationalTransnational
Strategies characterized by 3 Strategies characterized by 3 organizational structuresorganizational structures
Three Organizational Three Organizational StructuresStructures
Centralized (in the home country)Centralized (in the home country)
Decentralized (to local foreign units)Decentralized (to local foreign units)
Coordinated (all units participate as Coordinated (all units participate as equals) equals)
Global IS to Fit StrategyGlobal IS to Fit Strategy
Four IS StructuresFour IS Structures
Centralized systems:Centralized systems: Systems Systems development and operation occur development and operation occur totally at the domestic home basetotally at the domestic home base
Duplicated systems:Duplicated systems: Development Development occurs at the home base but occurs at the home base but operations are handed over to operations are handed over to autonomous units in foreign autonomous units in foreign locationslocations
Four IS StructuresFour IS Structures
Decentralized systems:Decentralized systems: Each Each foreign unit designs its own unique foreign unit designs its own unique solutions and systemssolutions and systems
Networked systems:Networked systems: Systems Systems development and operations occur in development and operations occur in an integrated and coordinated an integrated and coordinated fashion across all unitsfashion across all units
Developing a Global Developing a Global Company and a IS Support Company and a IS Support
StructureStructure Organize value-adding activities Organize value-adding activities
along lines of comparative advantage along lines of comparative advantage
Develop and operate systems units Develop and operate systems units at each level of corporate activity —at each level of corporate activity —regional, national, and international regional, national, and international
Establish at world headquarters Establish at world headquarters
SummarySummary
Global strategy influenceGlobal strategy influence Structure of the organizations, which Structure of the organizations, which
influenceinfluence Structure of the IS, andStructure of the IS, and IS area management IS area management
Global organizational strategy and Global organizational strategy and structure influence IS strategy and structure influence IS strategy and structurestructure
Managing Global Managing Global SystemsSystems
Introduction to CBISIntroduction to CBIS
Module 13(c)Module 13(c)
Management Challenges in Management Challenges in Developing Global Systems Developing Global Systems
Global Systems StrategyGlobal Systems Strategy
Global Systems StrategyGlobal Systems Strategy Define the core business processes:Define the core business processes: Conduct Conduct
workflow analysis, identify centers of excellence workflow analysis, identify centers of excellence for these processes for these processes
Identify the core systems to coordinate Identify the core systems to coordinate centrally:centrally: Conquer the core systems and define Conquer the core systems and define these systems as truly transnationalthese systems as truly transnational
Choose an approach:Choose an approach: Incremental, Grand Incremental, Grand Design, Evolutionary Design, Evolutionary
Make the Benefits Clear Make the Benefits Clear
SummarySummary
Management challenges in Management challenges in developing global ISdeveloping global IS
Global business strategyGlobal business strategy
Technology Issues Technology Issues and Opportunities and Opportunities
for Global for Global Information Information
SystemsSystemsIntroduction to CBISIntroduction to CBIS
Module 13(d)Module 13(d)
Technology ChallengesTechnology Challenges
Hardware, software, and networking Hardware, software, and networking challengeschallenges
Requires systems integration, Requires systems integration, connectivity, appropriate software connectivity, appropriate software development to overcome challengesdevelopment to overcome challenges
Systems IntegrationSystems Integration
Develop global, distributed, and Develop global, distributed, and integrated systems to support digital integrated systems to support digital business processes spanning national business processes spanning national boundariesboundaries
Use of same hardware and operating Use of same hardware and operating system does not guarantee integration.system does not guarantee integration.
Establish data and technical standards Establish data and technical standards
ConnectivityConnectivity
Overcoming disparate national Overcoming disparate national technical standards, data exchange technical standards, data exchange restrictions and service levels is restrictions and service levels is difficultdifficult
Use of Internet technology to create Use of Internet technology to create global intranets, extranets, virtual global intranets, extranets, virtual private networks (VPNs) private networks (VPNs)
Challenges for Software Challenges for Software DevelopmentDevelopment
Cost of new interface designsCost of new interface designs
Integrating new systems with oldIntegrating new systems with old
User interface designUser interface design
Differences in language and Differences in language and conventions conventions
Managing Global Software Managing Global Software Development Development
Offshore software outsourcingOffshore software outsourcing Outsourcing portions of new systems Outsourcing portions of new systems
like development work or maintenance like development work or maintenance of existing systems to external vendors of existing systems to external vendors in another country in another country
Managing Global Software Managing Global Software Development Development
Contract costContract cost Vendor selection costsVendor selection costs Transition management and knowledge Transition management and knowledge
transfer costs transfer costs Domestic human resources costs Domestic human resources costs Costs of improving software development Costs of improving software development
processesprocesses Costs of adjusting to cultural differences Costs of adjusting to cultural differences Cost of managing an offshore contractCost of managing an offshore contract
SummarySummary
Technology challengesTechnology challenges
Global software development Global software development challenges challenges
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