green plains

Green Plains Maria M. Debye-Saxinger

RudyJ.FavrettiFellowship2010

Green Plains Property

LEGEND

50’ 100’

1.CedarDrive

2.OakDrive

3.EntranceWalk

4.PecanTree

5.MainWalk

6.MainHouse

7.Terrace

8.PoolHouse

9.Pool

10.ScallopedWall

11.NorthWall

12.SouthWall

13.GardenEntrance

14.InnerGarden

15.GardenShed

16.DuckHouse

17.Orchard

18.Arbor

19.Haha

20.OldWell

21.Cottages

22.PeonyGarden

23.TheCove

24.TennisCourt

25.Pier

26.Office

27.FarmSheds

28.HorseStable

29.Barn

30.CaretakerHouse

Reproduction:

All material contained herein is the intellectual property of the Garden Club of Virginia except where noted. Permission for reproduction, except for personal use, must be obtained from:

The Fellowship Committee, ChairTThe Garden Club of VirginiaThe Kent-Valentine House12 East Franklin StreetRichmond, VA 23219www.gcvirginia.org

Green Plains Maria M. Debye-Saxinger

RudyJ.FavrettiFellowship2010

PREFACE

AstheRudyJ.FavrettiFellowfortheGardenClubofVirginiaof2010,Ipresentthisvolumethat

beginstounravelandpiecetogetherthemanystoriesoftheGreenPlainspropertylocatedin

MathewsCounty(formerGloucesterCounty),Virginia.Itbeginstodescribeitsappealasahome

tofivefamiliesoverthepast214yearsthroughmaps,illustrations,drawings,photographsand

text.FewcountiesinVirginiahavesuchhistoricallyrichgemstones.Feweryethavearchitectural

andlandscapearchitecturalelementsincorporatedwithintheirboundariespredatingthe1800s

withsuchavibranthistory.Itismyhopethatthisprojectcanbegintoshedlightonthehistoryof

suchamagicalplacewithanenchantingview.Usingoldphotographsasmeansforanalysisof

thevariousphasesofthehouseandgardenaswellasresearchoftextsandmapscombinedwith

informationgatheredfromanin-personinterviewwithFrancisH.Cabothimselfandthecurrent

ownerDorothyS.Long,Idepictindetailsomeofthespecificelementsaboutthepropertyand

howtheycametobeaswellasdrawingsandphotographsofexistingconditions.Usingpeople

whohavelivedatthesiteasresourcesforverbalunderstandingofthestoryofitshistory

combinedwithphotographydatingasfarbackas1935,Isharethecriticalmomentsintimethat

haveshapedthecharacterandmadeGreenPlainswhatitistoday.

MariaDebye-Saxinger,RudyJ.FavrettiFellowshipRecipient2010

ToFrankandDorothy.

CONTENTS

PREFACE

5-8 Introduction

9-14 SettingandHistoricalContext

15 Timeline

18-25 CHAPTERI:TheMainHouse

26-29 CHAPTERII:TheSouthLawn 30-33 CHAPTERIII:CottagesandtheNorthLawn

34-36 CHAPTERIV:ThePoolHouseandtheFishingPier

37-40 CHAPTERV:TheGardenanditsShed,ScallopedWall,NorthandSouthWall

43-46 CHAPTERVI:TheOrchard,ArborandHaha

47-50 CHAPTERVII:TheFarm 51-52 CHAPTERVIII:TheCaretakers’Quarters 53 EXISTINGCONDITIONSPLAN 54 AFTERWORD

55-56 NOTES

57 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 58-65 APPENDIXA:EXISTINGPLANTINGSANDBUILTELEMENTS

66-74 APPENDIXB:AERIALSURVEYMATERIALSANDMAPS 75-76 ENDNOTES 77-78 BIBLIOGRAPHY 79 IMAGECREDITS

INTRODUCTION

GreenPlainsissituatedalongtheNorthRiverjustaboveMobjackBayandisoneofthe

mostprestigiouspropertiesinMathewsCounty,Virginia.Currentlythe642-acrepropertyisowned

byonefamily.Originally,thePeytonfamilygavethepropertytotheRoyfamilyinthelate1700s.

ThehistoricGeorgianstylehomeandcelebratedscallopedwallareamongthesite’streasures.

Oneofthemostmagnificentviewsisvisiblefrommultiplevantagepointslookingoutto-

wardsPortugal.In1923AnneSeddonRutherfoordJohnsonwhooncelivedatGreenPlainswrote

“theRiverislikeaninlandlake,andonabrightdaythehandsomehomesarereflectedinthe

waterallalongtheshores,asifinamirror.”iItisonlynaturalthenthatsuchabeautifullandscape

andmainhousewaserectedbyJamesH.Roy,1amathematicianwhodesignedthehouseand

gardenandlaterlivedinthemainhouseuponitscompletionabout1798.iiAseriesof

semi-circlesarethebasicgeometricformsofthescallopedwall,unlikeanyotherofitskindin

America.Althoughthepropertyhassurvivedseveralmajorhurricanesinitslifetime,itsauthenticity

asanhistorichouseandlandscapeisunparalleled.

Asahome,thepropertyhasbeenownedandlivedinbytwogenerationsoftheRoys,

theCabotsandtwogenerationsoftheLongs.Duringthe1800s,themainhousewasbrickwith

stuccoandtwoporticosaboveeachentrance.Twowingsoneachsidewereaddedin1838by

WilliamH.Roy.2Alavishgardencompletewithaseriesofpathwaysandoctagonalandcircular

shapedgardenbeds,issaidtohavebeensurroundedbyascallopedwall.Withineachofthe

scallopswereraisedbedsandrosebusheswithineachone.Atallpecantree,thrivedtheninthe

18thCenturyasdoesstilltoday,alongthewater’sedgeofthecove.iii

Thepropertywasunoccupiedduringthelaterpartofthe1800sandearly1900suntilthe

CabotFamily,apremierBostonfamily,heardaboutitthroughtheirrealestatebrokerFlorence

Reedandpurchaseditin1935.TheyimmediatelyplantedboxwoodandwiththehelpofMrs.

FrancisH.Cabot’sbrother,EdwardJ.(Eddie)Mathews3andhissisterMrs.FrancisH.Cabot4

quicklydesignedandplantedthegardensandgroundsandrenovatedthemainhouse.

Mrs.FrancisH.CabotherselflaterwroteabouttheireffortsinTownandCountryMagazine.A

terracedpatiooffofthewestwingwhichmakesforasmoothtransitionfromthelivingroomto

theoutdoorswasdesignedaswellascircularsodstepstothewatersideofthemainhouse.

Othermajorchangesincludedtheroofpitchwhichwasmadesteeperandtheoutbuildingswere

restoredintheiroriginallocations.

WhenMr.andMrs.AugustusC.LongacquiredthepropertyfromtheCabotsin1959,

thegardensandoutbuildingswereagainrefurbished.Mr.AugustusC.Long5addedalibrarythat

wasdesignedbyClarenceHuffwasaddedtothewestwingofthemainhouseoverwhatwas

thetransitionalterraceduringtheCabots’stay.TheGardenswereenhancedwithperennialswith

colorinterest.Thekitchenhousewasconvertedintoapoolhousewhereapoolwasalsoadded

intheearly1970s.Alargetenniscourtwasputinjusteastofthemaindriveway.Alongpathway

wasaddedparalleltothescallopedwallleadinguptothehousewithdaffodilsplantedalongeach

side.Theinteriorofthehousewasrestoredduringthe1970sbyJamesCogar,6whowaslongthe

curatoroffurnishingsforColonialWilliamsburg.

“Theriverislikeaninlandlake,and

onabrightdaythehandsomehomes

arereflectedinthewaterallalongthe

shores,asifinamirror...”

---AnneSeddonRutherfoordJohnson,1923

Althoughthereisnolongeranytraceofboxwood,bedsofpeoniessurroundthemain

housearrangedsimilarlytowheretheboxwoodusedtobe.Thebrickworkaroundthehouseis

stillinexistencetoday.Outbuildingslinethecovetothenorthofthemainhouseintheiroriginal

locationsandthescallopedwallstillstands.MostofthestructuresbuiltduringthetimetheCabots

livedonthepropertystillexistaswellasthedesignedbrickworkandlandscapearchitectural

elements.

DorothyS.Long7andhersonAugustusJ.(A.J.)Longcurrentlyliveontheproperty.They

haveroughly17chickensinthebarns,ducksandretiredracehorses.Thestablesandpastures

givethoroughbredsasecondlifeafterretiringfromtheracetrack.Plantingswithinthepastten

yearshavebeenaddedtothesouthlawnincludingfloweringtreesandperennialsmarking

significantareaswithinthegardenincludingwhiteCrapeMyrtles(Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’),

Peonies(Paeonia),Hydrangeas(Hydrangea paniculata)andRoses(Rosa)amongothersaddto

thecolorallover.Treesthatwereplantedbetweenthe1940sand50sstandtallonboththenorth

andsouthlawnsandtheCedarallée(Juniperusvirginiana)andLiveOak(Quercus virginiana)

drivemarkthedrivetothemainhouse.

Botholdandnewplantingsandstructures,bigandsmall,describethecharacterofthe

siteandrevealamostvibranthomethatwitheachowner,takesonnewidentities.Aswaterlevels

riseandhurricanescomeandgo,itisevermoreimportanttounderstandthehistoryofthesitein

ordertopreserveandprepareforitsfuture.

View of the cove and the North River in the distance from the main driveway. Photograph taken in 2010.

Main drive along the cove. Photograph taken February 8, 1938.

SETTINGANDHISTORICALCONTEXT

Asearlyas1608,CaptainJohnSmithandhiscolonistsexploredupanddownthe

ChesapeakeBayareasurveyingthelandandwaterinwhatwasatthetimeconsideredto

begreatdetailandwithmuchaccuracy.Itisfromtheearly1600sthenthatthearea’s

documentationstarts.BeforethefoundingofMathewsCounty,theMiddlePeninsulain1649

was“declaredopentosettlement.Withintwoyearsthepopulationonthenorthsideofthe

YorkRiverhadgrowntothepointthatGloucesterCountywascreatedoutofthenorthern

portionofYorkCounty,oneofVirginia’soriginalshires.Althoughthelegislativeact

authorizingtheestablishmentofGloucesterCountyhasnotcometolight,aMay21,1651,

patentforacreageonthenorthsideoftheYorkRiverindicatesthatthelandbeingclaimed

laywithin‘Gloster’County.ThispatentwasissuedonlytwomonthsafterSirWilliamBerke-

leyhadsurrenderedtheVirginiacolonytorepresentativesofEngland’sCommonwealth

government.”ivMathewsCountywaslaterestablishedin1791asaseparatecountyfrom

Gloucester.Tothisdaybothremaintheirowntownship,butshareearlyhistory.

SoonaftertheestablishmentofGloucesterCounty,JamesH.Royacquiredthe

landforbuildinghisto-behousefromSirJohnPeytonofIsleham,whosegrandchildrenhe

tutored.ThetractoflandwasoriginallypropertyofthePeytonsasanextensionoftheir

familyestatealongtheNorthRiverandgiventoRoyfromthePeytonsestatewhenhemar-

riedElizabethBooth8ofBelleville.ThiswouldthenbecomethesiteofGreenPlains.Build-

ingofthemainhousebeganasearlyas1795andremainedintheRoyfamilyfor140years.v

USGS map from depicting the Green Plains and major architectural features.

Mobjack Bay

Chesapeake

Winter Harbor

South Bay

Outlet Bay

Hog Island Bay

Burtons Bay

Severn

York R

James R

Mathews

Green PlainsWare Neck

Gloucester PointWilliamsburg

Newport News

VIRGINIA

Hampton

Norfolk Virginia Beach

5 Miles

Illustrative map showing the context of the Green Plains property and its proximity to nearby significant places.

Duringthistime,itisimportanttonotethatthecourthousewasburnedtotheground

andalongwithitmanyimportantdocumentsthatmayhaveexposedinformationaboutthearea.

Whiletheextentoftroubleincursionsmayhavecaused,maynotbedocumented,“almostevery

barnandmillinthecountywasburnedtothegroundandalmostallthehorsesandlivestockwere

carriedoff,nottomentionmorepersonalvaluables.”viFrequentvisitationsbyFederalboatsand

cavalryoccurredupanddownthecoastinthearea,makingthoseclosetothewaterespecially

vulnerabletothesestops,oftenformilitarypurposes.

AsGreenPlainsitexistsalongtheshoreoftheNorthRiverwhereMathewsand

Gloucestercountiesaredivided,itisremarkablehowithasenduredovertime.In1923,Anne

SeddonRutherfoordJohnson9,thefirstwifeofWilliamH.RoywholivedatGreenPlains,writes,

“duringtheWarBetweentheStates,GreenPlainswasravagedbytheFederaltroops.The

Gunboatscameuptheriverandmaraudingpartiesscouredtheneighborhood,plunderingand

destroyingalltheycouldnottakewiththem.Mr.Roydiedbeforethisperiodandhiswidowand

youngerdaughterslivedinaconstantstateofanxiety.Theyhadtoendurestoicallythesightof

theirmostpreciouspossessionsbeingstolenbeforetheireyes,orbeinsultedbyofficers,aswell

asmen”.Shealsomentionsthatliquorwasstoredinthebasement,inanareathatwastapped

andsearchedbut“itwasnotdiscovered,orworsethaninsultsmighthaveresulted.”vii

Thebasementofthemainhousetodayisstillsupportedbyhand-laidbricks.Theeast

andwestwingsareraisedandseveralroomswithintheframeworkofthelargerstructureseparate

differentareas,eachwhichhousesroomsfordifferentfunctionssuchaswhatmighthavebeenfor11|

storageofgoods,especiallyusefulduringprohibition.

Duetotheproximityofthemainhouseandgardentothewaters’edgeandexposureto

southernstorms,thepropertyhasbeensubjecttostormsthroughoutitsexistence,somemore

damagingthanothers.Aseriesofhurricanesandtidalwaveshavebeenrecordedinthearea

asearlyas1821:atropicalcyclonein1825,theCentennialGaleof1876thatcausedsomeof

thehighesttidesseenintheChesapeakeBay,theGreatHurricaneof1933,andmorerecently

HurricaneIsabelin2003andHurricaneErnestoin2006.viiiEachpointstoatimewhendamages

tothehouseandgardenoccurred.Theyhaveleadtotheuprootingoftrees,andflooding,notto

mentionsaltwaterintrusionalongtheedgeofthepropertyanderosion.Copingwiththeseforces

ofnatureresultedinchangingthemainhouse’swatertable,renovatingtheoutbuildings,addinga

seawallandreconstructingthepier.Theoldbrickwallshavebeenrebuiltmultipletimes.

Themainhousehasbeenrenovatedandchangedovertime.Thechangesincluding

addingwingsandlibrariesandchangingtheroofpitch.Theinteriorofthemainhousehasalso

haditsownmake-overseveraltimes.Thegardenandwallshavetakenondifferentlooksthat

rangefromformalVictorianGardens,toanEnglishboxgardenandthenalessformal,butmore

colorfulbloomingarrangementofpinkandredperennials.Theoutbuildingshavebeenpreserved

intheirlocation,buthavetakenonnewfunctionssuchaspoolhouseandcottage.Thefarmis

nowintendedforretiredrace-horsesandotherpets.ArowofLiveOaks(Quercus virginiana)

borderthegardentotheeastwhilealsoliningthedrivewayasoneapproachestheentrancetothe

mainhouse.Althoughthereisnoevidencetodayofanyformalbrickwallthatmighthavebordered|12

property line

Aerial illustration of the property of Green Plains as it is today along the North River.

theeastofthegarden,ithasbeensuggestedthatthegardenwasoncesurroundedbythe

wall.Andso,itisfromthemaindriveasoneapproachesthemainhousethatonehastheir

firstglimpseoftheinnergardenspaceandscallopedwallinthedistance.

Howevergreatthedestructioneachtime,bothpoliticalorphysicalandnaturally

occurringdamages,theyhaveallbeenminimizedbythededicationandloveofplaceofthe

familiesthathaveownedGreenPlainsandthemanyhelpinghandswhohavebrickbybrick

repaireddamagesandrebuiltfallenelements.Thisspeaksvolumesoftheappreciationfor

itshistoricvalueasapropertybeyondjustthemainhouse,garden,outbuildingsorfarm,

butasapieceofhistorythatsurviveswithallofitspartsfunctioninginwaysbestsuitedfor

itsownerswhomakeittheirown.

Dorothy S. Long with retired racehorse in the large north pasture of Green Plains in 2000.

Mr.andMrs.HigginsonCabotpurchaseproperty.

FlorenceReedin-formsCabotFam-ilyofGreenPlainswithPostcardand

Photos.

JamesH.RoyacquirespropertyfromthePeytonEstatealongtheNorthRiverandbeginsbuildingGreenPlainsmainhouseanddesignsthescallopedwall.

GreenPlainsmainhouseconstructioncompletedforJamesH.RoyandElizabethBooth.

Gloucester County formed.

Mathews County

separates from

Gloucester County.

Formation of Virginia

Counties.

WilliamH.Royaddseastandwestwingstothecentralareaofthemainhouse.

Scallopedwallrebuiltonoriginalfoundation.

BoxwoodGardenintheGardenplantedasanursery.Boxwoodaddedasfocalpointsincriticalareas.

Layingoutofbrickpathways,entrancewalks,sodsteps

andterraceadded.Renovationstocottagesandmainhouse.

BarnsandCaretaker’sQuartersadded.Terraceaddedoffofwest

1937 1938-3919331821 1825 1876 19351795 17981651 17911634 1838 1920sowners

setbacks

major architectural and landscape element changes

TheGreatHurricane.

Hurricaneincoast.TidalWaveobservedatChincoteague. TropicalCyclone.

CentennialGalecauseshighesttideingenerationsfromChesapeakeBayregion.

CABOT FAMILYROY FAMILY

Mr.andMrs.C.AugustusLongpurchaseGreenPlainsfromtheCabots.

BoxwoodfilledinaroundPecantreeandalongpathways.Ivyclippings

addedtofacadeofhouseasdecorationandtomasknewlyaddedbricksonfacadeofmain

house.

1938-39 1940-58 1959 1970s

Gardentrellisadded.Brickpathwaysbuiltinsidegarden.

Daffodilwalkaddedtothenorthlawn.

Tenniscourtandpooladded.Poolhouseburnsdownandisrebuilt.Renovationofcottagesandsheds.

Fencesandhorseringsconstructedaroundpastures.Cowbarnredesignedintohorsebarnandhaystorage.

Pierandseawallreconstructed.

OrchardandArboraddednorthofthe

garden.Treesalongthewallcausedamagetoscallopsandtothenorthwallentrancegate.PerennialsincludingGladiolas,CannasandLiliesaddedtotheinner

garden.

HurricaneIsabel.HurricaneErnesto.

2000-2001 2003 20061998-1999

LONG FAMILY

Waterfront: 1. Main house in 1935 as the Cabot family arrived on the property. 2. Renovations to the waterfront, June 1938. 3. Waterfront facade with shutters on windows and completed sod steps, March 1939. 4. South facade of main house in the 1970s with plantings along foundation and water table. 5. Waterfront side of main house as it is today, 2010.

Landfront: 6. Main house in 1935 as the Cabot family arrived on the property. 7. Renovations to the north facade, June 1938. 8. Land front facade with boxwood focal point at center and open lawn in front, February 1942. 9. Main approach to house in the 1970s after Daffodil Walk has been added. 10. Land front facade of main house as it is today, 2010.

78 9 10

The Main HouseAsoneapproachesthemainhouseitself,youbecomedirectedviaanentranceroadaroundtotheeastofthemainhouseitselfandthenemergefromfirstanalléeofCedartrees(Juniperus virginiana)andthenagainoutofanalleeofLiveOaks(Quercus virginiana).FrancisH.Cabotdescribestheinitialexperienceoftheviewofthemainhousesuchthat,“oneglimpse[s]thefaçadeandthen[is]forcedtorediscoverthehousebybeingroutedaroundthegardenandparkinginanoystershellcourtyardandthenwalkingonthebrickentrancepathwiththegiantpecaninthebackground.”ixThebrickwalkappearsbeforethevisitorastheyapproachthelandfrontdoor. Whilethemainhousewasbeingconstructedin1795through1798theRoysaresaidtohavelivedinasmallbrickbuildingnolongerinevidencetodayastheyawaitedthecompletionoftheirnewhouseandplanningofthegardenandsurroundingsgrounds.Themainhousewasdesignedtohavealargecentralbuildingwithatticandcellar.Thewingswouldbeonestory,whilethecentralbuildingwastwostorieshigh.Amainhalllaidoutinpinewouldrunthroughfromnorthtosouthwithroomstoeachside.Astairwaywithtwolandingsthatwouldbecomeamagnificententranceareaandbesurroundedbypaneledwoodwork.xAdditonaleastandwestwingstothecentralbuildingwouldnotbeaddeduntil1838byRoy’sson,WilliamH.Roy.xiAlso,awindowseatrightofthelivingroombecameacupboard.“Thegreatcentralhall,withitsmagnificentstaircase;thedeeplyrecessedwindows,withwindowseats;thechandeliers,theoldmantelsandpaneling;thegreatfireplaces;thepricelessantiques;thehand-someoilpaintings;thesplendidlibrary;alltheseareonlyafewofthegestureswhichcontribut[ed]tothebeautyandcharmofGreenPlains”.Asitisclearfromdescriptions,themainhousewascraftedwiththeutmostcaretoarchitecturaldetail. WhenMr.andMrs.FrancisH.CabotheardofGreenPlainsinacardfromtheirRealEstateagentMr.FlorenceReedandupontheirfirstvisit,Mrs.FrancisH.Cabotwrites,“theplace,longuninhabited,andseenfirstonadullFebruaryday,hadnoneoftheromanticattractionofitsneighbor[Auburn];itwasshabbyandcolorlessunderthewintersky.Thehousewasofbrick,paintedpallidcream,a

Postcard from Florence Reed to Mr. and Mrs. Francis H. Cabot introducing them to the Green Plains property circa 1935.

C H A P T E R I

1. Main house in 1938 before renovations and still with stucco over bricks.

2. Maine house and entrance walk with kitchen couryard off of east wing, November 1938.

3. Main house and entrance area as it exists today with view towards the

Pecan tree (Carya illinoensis).

nicehip-roofedoblongtowhichmeanandstuntedwingshadbeenadded.”xiii Renovationstothemainhouseincludedtheremovalofpaintfromallofthefacades,buildinguptheeastandwestwings,andenlargingchimneys.RenovationswerewelldueastheGreatStormof1933hadstruckjustafewyearspriorandremodelingwouldhavetobefinishedbeforetheymovedintotheirnewhome.Animmediatechangewastheloweringofthewestwingthreefeetandtheadditionofnewwindows.Inaddition,thenorthfaçade,orwaterfrontofthehousewascompletelyremodeled.Thisisevidentinthemortarwhencompar-ingthenorthandsouthfacadesofthemainhouse.Thesouthsideisoriginal.FrancisH.(Frank)Cabot10recallsthat“therewaslittle,ifany,workdonetoonthewaterside.”xivCabotalsodescribesthewindowsashavingbeenintact,butsug-geststhattheshutterstotheNorthsidewereaddedonlytothatside.Fortheserenovationstothemainhouse,EdwardJ.(Eddie)Mathewswasthearchitect,butnoformaldrawingsandplanshavesurvived.

4. View from Entrance Pathway towards driveway and Fishing Pier as it is today. Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) in the distance. 5. Entrance Pathway and driveway with focal points and boxwood lining pathways, January 1939. 6. Pecan tree, (Carya illinoensis) from the entrance pathway of brick looking towards the cove, photo taken 2010. 7. Installation of the brick entrance pathways, January 1939.

1. Pecan tree (Carya illinoensis) December 28, 1937.2. Pecan tree (Carya illinoensis) in 1941.3. Pecan tree (Carya illinoensis) as it stands today.4. Libraray wing of the Green Plains main house.5. West wing before the library was added taken in 1946.6. West wing and Library with terrace as it exists today. 7. Currie Cabot sitting on terracing outside the west wing in February 1942.8. Francis H. Cabot with puppy, 1950s.

Illustration depicting the waterfront of Green Plains main house. The east (right) and west (left) wings were added in 1938 by William H. Roy. The Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) in the front was planted by the Cabot family.

Ivy(Hedera helix)growingupthefacadeofthemainhousewasaddedasadetailtotherenovatedarchitecturetoboththenorthandsouthfacades“withEddie’sapprovalasawaytohidethebrandnewreplacementbrickafterthefaçadefelldown.”xvClippedpanelsbetweenthemainwindowsonthenorthfacadearedepictedthroughphotographsfromtheearly1940s.xvi Thewaterfrontsideofthemainhousewasaddedtowithasetofsemi-circularstepsthatweresimpleinformanddidnottakeawayfromtheviewoftheRiverinfront.ThesodstepsandtheterracingtothewestwingandthebrickentrancepathwaysandpatiospacearoundthelandfrontentrancewerealllandscapingdesignedbyEdwardJ.Mathews.AccordingtoCabot,thesedesignsweresimpleextensionsandadditionstothearchitecture,asnottodisruptthepeacefulandrestfulsetting.CabotrecollectsallplantingsthataccentuatedandlinedthepathwaysandfocalpointsashismotherCurrieCabot’sdoing.xvii

PLANTSAcer rubrumBuxus sempervirensCarya illinoensisFargesia sp.Hosta sp.Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’Magnolia grandifloraMiscanthus sp.Paeonia sp.Prunus sp.Quercus sp. Rosa sp.Spartina sp.

MAINHOUSE

SODSTEPS

ENTRANCEWALK

KITCHENCOURTYARD

DRIVEWAY

POOLHOUSE

TERRACE

MAINWALK

PLANOFTHEMAINHOUSEANDITSIMMEDIATESURROUNDINGS N

Theentrancewalkwhichonewouldapproachfromthelandfront,andstilldoes,washeavilyplantedalongeachsidewithEnglishboxasbordersandfocalpoints.ThebrickpathwaytapersoffintoanarrowerbrickpathwayleadingtothegiantandquitepossiblythelargestPecantree(Carya illinoensis)ofTidewater.Thetreestillthrivestodaywithanastoundingoverallcircumferenceof21feet

PLANTSAcer rubrumBuxus sempervirensCarya illinoensisFargesia sp.Hosta sp.Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’Magnolia grandifloraMiscanthus sp.Paeonia sp.Prunus sp.Quercus sp. Rosa sp.Spartina sp.

Illustration of the land front view of Green Plains main house. This picture also shows the Pecan tree (Carya illinoensis) to the right and smaller Pecan to the left. The pool house is in the distance to the left.

standingroughly125feettall.ThetreecanbeeasilymadeoutfromothertreesnearitfromevenamileawayacrosstheRiver. Theviewfromthemainhouseplayedanimportantroleintheoverallfeelingoftheplace.FrancisH.Cabotstatesthat“unobstructedorfocusedvistashavebeenandcontinuetobeveryimportantto[theCabotfamily]…andthat“thevistafromthefrontstoopoverthelawnbelowthecanopyofoldtreestowardstheentranceroadwassplendid(withtheroadextendingtoinfinity).”xviii ItismostremarkablehowGreenPlainswasinthe1800soneofthe“fewestateswhichstillremain[ed]inthefamilyofitsoriginalowners”xixand“keptupsoastobeapleasuretoallwhogothere”andtothisdayhasonlybeenownedandlivedinbyfivefamiliesoverthecourseofthepast214years.

1. Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) on the South Lawn.2. Hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata) in bloom visible from the Sod Steps.

3. Oak tree (Quercus sp.) directly south of the steps. 4. View of Green Palins main house from the North River.5. Aerial of Green Plains South Lawn taken in the 1940s.

6. Aerial of the main house and Scalloped Wall taken around 2000.

C H A P T E R I I

The South LawnManytreesandshrubsexistonthelawntoday.TheNorthRiverisjustbeyondtheMagnolia(Magnolia grandiflora)straightaheadorpastthewhiteCrapeMyrtle(Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’)rowtotheleftwhenviewingfromthesodsteps. Beforethebiggertreesthatmakeupthecanopyanddefineareasoftheyardwereplanted,Mrs.FrancisH.Cabotwritesaboutherhopesandideasaboutwhatitmightturnouttobe.Shewrites,“ourdreamsbegantopictureaplacethatcombinedthebeautiesofeveryoldVirginiahouseandgardenwehadseen..Inthatdaysix-inchboxbushesgrewinourimaginationsintoimmediateopulence,atulip-poplarsapling….Aninfantofmagnoliasspreadvastshadowsinourminds.”xxShediscovered,however,thesouthernclimateofherimaginationwhereeveryplantsheandherhusbandhadpicturedflourishingwitheasewouldprovetobemoredifficultinreality.Asmucheffortasittookhowever,standingtallandwideonthelawntodayarethoseplantingswhichshementionsabove,allatGreenPlains. OnthesouthlawnstandfiveMagnolias(Magnolia grandiflora)averaging8feetincircumference.ElsewhereonthepropertyisalargeTulip-poplar(Tulipifera liriodendron)andotherMagnoliasaswell.EachpathwayandimportantfocalpointwasaccentedatthattimewithBoxwood,albeitonlysurvivingwithprotectivestructuresinthewintertime.AnOaktree(Quercus sp.)alsothrivesonthelawn;justsouthofthesoftstepsandHydrangeas(Hydrangea paniculata)flourishinathickbordertomakeamoreprivatelycoveredandprotectedspace.

SODSTEPS

DRIVEWAY

POOLHOUSE

SEAWALL

NORTHRIVER

SOUTHLAWN

TERRACE

PLANTSAcer rubrum Buxus sempervirens Carya illinoensis Cypress sp. Fargesia sp. Gleditsia triacanthos Hydrangea paniculata Ilex opaca Juniperus virginiana Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’ Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ Magnolia grandiflora Miscanthus sp.Paeonia sp. Quercus sp. Spartina sp. Syringa sp.

MAINHOUSE

PLANOFTHESOUTHLAWNFROMTHEMAINHOUSE N

Illustration of the South Lawn with a view towards the North River.

1. Aerial photograph of the cottage, shed and Peony Garden

revealing the original Boxwood design.

2. Photograph of the North Lawn cottages from the Cove.

3. VIew of the Peony Garden and cottage looking south.

4. Original structure on North Lawn taken in April 1937.

5. Cottage and Box Garden taken in the 1970s.

6. Restored cottages and shed photograph in snow taken in

January 1942.

C H A P T E R I I ICottages and the North LawnThesmalloutbuildingsarelocatedonthenorthlawnacrossfromtheScallopedWallandGardenincludingashed,acottageandaduckhouse.Truetohistory,therewereandstillareinnumerableoutbuildings.However,withtheexceptionoftheconical-shapedduckhouse,theonesthatexistareofwood.Thosethatwereoncemadeofbrickarenolongerinexistence.AnneSeddonRutherfoordJohnsonrecordsthatthereusedtobeacarpenter’sshop,weavingroom,tanninghouse,oneoftheconical-shapedicehousesxxisooftenseeninTidewaterVirginia.

ThesmallcottagethatnowstandsalongthewestborderoftheNorthLawnbythecovewasoriginallyaslavequarters.Inthe1940s,thesmallhousewasre-donetobeanofficebytheCabots.TheofficelaterbecameacottagerenovatedbytheLongfamilyinthe1970s,completewithbedroomfurnitureandtoys.Nowthehouseisun-occupied,butisstillacottage.Justoutsideofitandtoitsnorthisabox-gardendesignedarea.AlthoughtheBoxwood(Buxus sempervirens)thatonceoutlinedthepathwaysarenotlongerthere,Peoniestaketheirplace.Thecircularbrickduckhousetoitsnorthisareplicaofitspredecessorgardenshedlocatedalongthescallopedwalltotheeast.Itismadeofbrickandhasadiameterofabout19’andwasaddedbytheCabotsinthe1940sandiswherethe“duckswouldwaddledowntothewater.”xxiiNolongeronthelawnarethetwosmallwhitecottagesorthewatertower.TheyhavenotexistedonthepropertysincetheCabotspurchaseditandbeganrenovationstotheotherbuildings. Asshowninphotographsfromthe1930sthroughthelate1950s,theNorthLawninbetweentheoutbuildingsandgardenwasbareandopen,withtheexceptionofsomelargetreessuchastheTulippoplar(Liriodendron tulipifera)thattodayhasacircumferenceof17feet.Alsocurrentlyonthelawn,alongbrickwalkthatstretchesthelengthofthenorthlawntotheentranceofthemainhouseandparalleltothegardenwallisanaddedapproachtothehouse.Mr.AugustusC.Long,wholivedformanyyearsinHollandandwasaDutch-knightbroughtDaffodilbulbsbackwithhimfromabroadandhadthemplantedalongtheDaffo-dilWalk.xxiiiAlthoughtheboxwoodthatoncemarkedafocalpointatthecenteroftheentrancebrickpatiotothehousedidnotsurvive,thisaddedwalkleadsonetothelandfrontentrancebothvisuallyandbyprovidingafootpath.

MAINHOUSE

COTTAGE

PEONYGARDEN

SCALLOPEDWALL

GARDENENTRANCE

GARDENSHED

DAFFODILWALK

ENTRANCEWALKBRICKENTRANCE

PLANTSAcer rubrum Buxus sempervirens Carya illinoensis Cornus florida Ilex opaca Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ Ligustrum japonicum Liriodendron tulipifera Maclura pomifera Magnolia grandiflora Miscanthus sp. Paeonia sp. Pyrus calleryana Pyrus sp. Quercus rubra Rosa sp. Ulmus parviflora

PLANOFTHENORTHLAWNANDCOTTAGESN

Illustration of the North Lawn and cottages including the shed, the cottage and the duck house. The Peony Garden is situated in-between the cottage (center) and the circular brick shed.

81. Pier April 1937 when it extended from the South Lawn. 2. View of the second constructed Pier, January 6th, 1940

3. Renovation to pool house, April 1937. 4. Fencing and old pool house before the pool, November 1938.

5. Approach to the old kitchen house after restoration, May 28, 1939. 6. Fishing Pier as it is today, view from upstairs in the Pool House.

7. American Egret (Ardea alba) on the Fishing Pier.8. Pool house as it exists today.

9. View of the pool house and sea wall from the North River, 2010.

The Pool House and the Fishing PierOriginallythekitchenhouse,thereusedtobeaDutchovenwhereallmaincookingwaspreparedfortheRoyfamilyinthemainhousefewerthan90feetaway.The“out-of-doorskitchenhadanimmensefireplace-crane,andaDutchovenand,ofcourse,inthegoodolddays,a‘tinkitchen’wherehugesaddlesofmuttonandhaunchesofvenisonwereroastedbeforethegreatfireoflogs”and“oneithersideofthehousewere‘strikers’forthehouseservants,eachonehavinganespecialnumber,anditneededtwenty-onestrikestocompletethetallyinthedaysbefore61’-65’.”xxivLaterinthe1930swhentheCabotspurchasedthepropertythiswasthefirsthousetheyrenovatedandlivedinbeforemovingintothemainhouse.ThisgavetheCabotfamilymoretimetorenovatethebighouse.Thereusedtobeaporchwhereonecouldsitandlookoutattheviewofthenorthriver. Todaythishousefunctionsasapoolhousewithasmallfence,benchforsittingandpoolshedbothconvertedbyAugustusC.Longintheearly1970s.Themainhousehasbeenaddedtointheformofaglassed-inporch.AfterthehousewasconvertedintoapoolhouseunderAugustusC.Longitburnedinafireintheearly1970s,butwasrebuilttolookthewayitdidinitspreciselocation. Thepierwasoriginallylocatedjustsouthofthelawnatthemainhouses’waterfront,butnowhasbeenre-builtandmovedtoasecondlocationclosertothedriveway,justnorthofthepoolhouse.DorothyS.Longextendedthepiertoultimatelyberoughly350feetinlengthinearly2000.TheviewinthedistancelooksacrosstheMobjackbackandoutintotheChesapeake.SometimesaWhiteEgret(Ardea alba)canbefoundspendingtimeonthepierenjoyingthemagnificentwaterscene.

C H A P T E R I V

POOLHOUSE

DRIVEWAY

PLANTSFargesia sp. Magnolia grandiflora Miscanthus sp. Rosa sp. Spartina sp. Zelkova serrata

PLANOFPOOLHOUSE,POOLAREAANDFISHINGPIER N

Illustrations of the pool house, pool area and fishing pier from various angles.

1. Side-aerial of the Scalloped Wall just north of the center garden entrance gate posts, as it is today. 2. Scalloped Wall and Crape myrtles (Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ ) from inside the garden. 3. Aerial photograph of the Scalloped Wall taken in 2010. 4. South wall remains with shed in background. Evidence of a straight wall similar to the North wall. Photograph from 1938. 5. View of Garden

and ivy (Hedera helix) covered Scalloped Wall taken in 1946. 6. Scalloped Wall from the north lawn before the garden shed was added at the north end, photographed December 28, 1937.7.Scalloped Wall without coping. Photograph from 1936.

8. South garden entrance and new south wall designed by Eddie Mathews, photographed May 1941.

The Garden DuringtheVictorianperiod,thegardenhada“broad,graveledwalk[that]extendedfromeasttowestasoneentered,andanotherfromnorthtosouthcrosseditinthemiddle,wheretherewasalatticedsummer-housecoveredwithjasmineandhoneysuckleandfittedwithseatsinside.”Therealsoexistedasecondwalkborderedbygrapeswith“flower-bedsincirclesandhectagonalswhereeverysortofsweetold-timebloomwascultivated.”PlantedatintervalsmighthavebeenArborvitaetreeswithLiliesofthevalley,Calycanthus,Smoketrees,TamariskandEnglishlaburnumandbox.xxvHowever,by1937Mrs.FrancisH.Cabotdescribesthegroundsashavingbeenthesettingof“dun-coloredgrassfromwhichrosenakedtrees.”xxviMrs.CabotbeganherworkinthegardenbyusingitasanurseryforgrowingEnglishboxwood(Buxus sempervirens).HercarefulformalBoxGardenthatwouldemergeonlyseveralyearsaftershehadcommencedherworkoutdoors.AstheCabotssummeredinQuébec,thegardenwasmainlyaspringgardenofAzaleas(Azalea),Daffodils(Narcissus)andformorespatialarticulation,Englishboxwood(Buxus sempervirens)andCrapemyrtles(Lagerstroemia)plantedalongverticalaxes. Intheearly1970sthegardenwasagainredone,butthistimewithmorestructurallandscapeelementsincludingatrellisandformalbrickpathwayswithinthegarden.Floweringplantingswereaddedforsummer-longinterestsuchasCannas(Canna),Lilies(Lilium),andRoses(Rosea)manyofwhichhavesurvivedthestormsandareinterspersedwithinthegardenbeds.TheCrapemyrtles(Lagerstroemia)stillbloominvibrantshadesofpinksrangingfromapaleblushtonetoadeeperrosecolor.Thetrellisnolongerstands,butthebrickpathwaytoandfromitstillremains.

The Scalloped Wall DesignedbyJamesH.Royanddatingbacktothelayingoutofthemainhouseandgroundsasearlyas1795,theScallopedWalliscomposedofasetoftwelvesemi-circularscallopsthatstand4½feettallandfromthewestperimeteroftheOldGarden.Itsentrancegateislocatedinthecenterbetween6scallopstoitsnorthandsouthpronouncedbyabrickpostoneithersidestandingjustover5

C H A P T E R V

1. Garden shed and North Wall (right) as it is today. 2. North Wall taken from inside the garden space. 3. The Inner Garden facing east towards the water. A small sundial is located in the center of the Garden today. 4. Aerial photograph of the North Wall as it stands today. 5. Aerial photograph of the Inner Garden in the early 2000s Dorothy S. Long and friend pictured in center. 6. Currie Cabot pictured

walking near the border of the Box Garden, photograph taken in February 1942 .7.North Wall, taken in June of 1938. 8. Garden trellis in the east part of the garden where now exists a raised bed of Peonies, photographed in the 1970s.

feet.Thesemi-circlesareportionsofcircleswithadiameterof115inches.Thedi-mensionfromtheendofonescallopposttotheothermeasuresjustover17feet.Mrs.FrancisH.Cabotwrites,“mostofthewall..tumbleddownlongago,andwasrebuiltin1920.Oftheoriginalwallonlytwoscallopsremain,oneithersideofthegardengate..andstillretaintheircopingofmoldedbrick.”xxviiThegroundplaneisflatbothinsidethegardenandoneithersideoftheScallopedWall.However,thereiswrittenevidenceofeachscallophavingbeenitsowngardeninwhicharaisedmoundwouldhavefilledtheinteriorofthescallopswherevioletsandarosebushwithineachonemighthavegrown.HurricaneErnesto’swindsaresaidtohavebeenthecauseforknockingdownahugeoldtreenexttothewallandthus,therootsdamagedthescallopedwallinseveralareas.xxviii

The North Wall Thewalliscomposedofbricksthatareallalignedinthesamedirection;horizon-tally.Thepostsareatvaryingintervalsthatareinconsistentdistancesfromoneanother,thelargerofwhichmatchthepostsoftheScallopedWall.ThemaingateatthecenterofthewallissignificantlywiderthanthatoftheScallopedWallandnolongerstandsuprightafterstormIsabelandHurricaneErnesto.AcircularbrickGardenShedwasaddedbytheCabotFamilyinthe1940swheretheNorthWallandScallopedWallmeet.TheGardenShedisbuiltontopofthewallsitselfandiscurrentlyusedasastorageshedfortoolsandthelike.

The South WallOnlysomeremainsaredepictedina1938photographofatallSouthWall.xxixHowever,theCabotskeptwhatwasleftofthewallbysupportingitwithapost,addedapillaranddesignedasmallerbrickwallalongtheperimeterofthesouthendoftheGardensetroughly3feetawayfromtheoldwall,astocreateanopen-ingandalternateentrancetotheGarden.ThisshallowSouthWallstandsroughly2½feettall,butinphotographsfromthe1940srevealsawoodentrellisthatwouldhaveaddedtoitsheight.Perhapsonce“againstthesouthernwallsPome-granatesandfigsripenedtoperfectionandFrenchartichokes”xxxmighthavegrown.TodaythegardensideorinteriorofthiswallislinedwithRoses(Rosea).

DRIVEWAYPIER

INNERGARDEN

BRICKPATHWAY

RAISEDGARDEN

SCALLOPEDWALL

GARDENSHED

GARDENENTRANCE

SOUTHWALL

NORTHWALL

ENTRANCEWALK

TENNISCOURT

PLANTSAcer rubrumAlbizia julibrissin Gleditsia triacanthos Ilex opaca Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ Magnolia grandiflora Paeonia sp.Prunus sp. Quercus virginiana Rosa sp. Salix sp. Spartina sp. Viburnum sp. Zelkova serrata

OFFICE

OAKDRIVE

PLANOFTHEINNERGARDENANDSCALLOPEDWALL N

|42Illustration of the scalloped wall looking into the main garden entrance. Also pictured is ‘Happy’ the dog who currently lives on the property.

A Family Cemetery Accordingtooldrecordsoftheproperty,andastypicalofsuchfamilyproperties,wasanoldCemeterythatissupposedtohaveexistedjusteastofthegardenwalls.ItisindicatedinwritingthatitwouldhavebeenbackoftheGardenanddownneartheshoreandthatitwas“surroundedwithahighbrickwall.”xxxiHowever,noremnantsexisttodayofeitherthewallorstones.InitssupposedlocationisnowatenniscourtaddedbyAugustusC.Longinthe1970sandissurroundedbyafenceandasmallportionoflandbeforethewaters’edge.ThegravesthataresaidtohaveexistedtherewerethoseofWilliamH.Roy,ElizabethBoothandAnneSeddonRutherfoordJohnson.

1. Arbor and Gladiolas (Gladiolus sp.) in bloom in August 2010. 2. Aerial photograph of the haha along the pasture, 2010. 3. The old original well east of the cove and a Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora). 4. The Orchard facing the office and barn as it is today, 2010. 5. The lawn and driveway facing the old barn. The drive has since been replaced by an Arbor. In the distance the old fence and gate are present. Photograph from 1941. 6. From what is today the Arbor, looking west towards the well. Photograph from January 1941 .7.Sheep

grazing in the pasture. 1946. 8. Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) in bloom along the edges of the Arbor.

The Orchard, Arbor, Well and HahaJustnorthoftheOldGardenandalongtheoldnorthbrickwallliestheOrchardandwoodenArboraddedinthepast10yearsbyDorothyS.Long.IntheOrchardareroughly12speciesofPeartreessuchastheBradfordpear(Pyrus calleryana).SomesmallflowersbloomalongandwithinthearborincludingGladiolas(Gladi-olus)andPassionflowers(Passiflora incarnata). Anoldroadusedtorunthroughthisarea,aportionofwhichisnowcov-eredbyanarchedArbor.Itsconfigurationrunsfromthefarmtotheoldoriginalwell.ThewellwasgivenacoveredstructurebyEdwardJ.MathewswhentheCabotslivedatGreenPlains. AHahacommencesabouthalfwaybetweenthebarnsandtheshedstotheeastofthewell.Asmallbridgealsoleadsintothepastures.TheHahawasputinbytheCabotstokeepthesheepandcattlegrazingbeyondtheyard,butstillvisibleinthedistancefromthemainhouse.Today,thewallactsasadividerbetweentheNorthLawnandthehorsepastures.

C H A P T E R V I

GRAVELCIRCLE

ARBOUR

PASTURE

FENCING

PEONYGARDEN

MAINWALK

ORCHARD

BRIDGE

NORTHWALL

SCALLOPEDWALL

GARDENSHED

DUCKHOUSE

COTTAGE

PLANTSAcer rubrum Ilex opaca Liriodendron tulipifera Magnolia grandiflora Paeonia sp. Pyrus calleryana Pyrus sp. Quercus virginiana

PLANOFORCHARD,HAHA,ARBORANDWELL

Illustration of the Orchard and Arbror facing the old well along the Haha.

Illustration of bridge crossing the Haha and the main house off in the distance ahead. The Cove is to the west (right in picture) and the Orchard and Arbor are to its opposite.

1. Daffodils lining the edge of the pastures, 2000.

2. Construction of the old barn in February, 1938.

3. Pastures just north of the horse stable, 2010.

4. The main barn from the North River, 2010.

5. View looking east at the barn and old gates, 2010.

6. Horse stable looking south towards the river, 2010.

7. Inside the horse stable, 2010.

8.The original well, photograph taken in 1938.

9. Horses in the north pasture, 2010.

The FarmAn“unusualnumberoffinebarns,andquartersforhouseservantsandfieldhands”aresaidtohaveaccompaniedthemainhouseandgardenwhenMr.andMrs.JamesH.RoyfirstbuiltGreenPlainsinthelate1700s.xxxiiThisaspectofthefarmwasalsocharacteristicofthepropertywhentheCabotslivedatGreenPlainswhounderthedesignofEdwardJ.Mathews,erectedseveralfarmbuildingsincludingthecattleshed,ahaybarn,acornshed,andsmokehouseofwhichsomehavebeenconvertedtohorsestables,tractorshedsandstoragespace. Sincethattime,DorothyS.Longredesignedthecowbarnintoahorsebarnandusedherfather’scowbarnforthehayinabout1998.Longaslohadthefencesbuiltin1998,uponherintroductiontothehorseracebusiness.Longstatesthey“camefromLexington,Kentuckytobuildthemandputinthetrainingringsforthe‘babies’.”Shealsosyas,“horsesareflgithanimalsandthe‘MonteRoberts’(horsewhisperer)suggeststheroundpenstoaccomplish‘joinup’easily..using“horsespeak..thekinder,gentlerwayto‘make’asopposedto‘break’”.Shesaysshehadtheideaofhavingfullyintegratedbreeding,racingandretiringforre-trainingasshow,hunterjumpersandpolo.xxxiiiTherearenolongeranycattleorsheepontheproperty. Ontheperimetersofwhatisallocatedforthefarmismostlyforestedareas,withtheexceptionofsomestorageshedsandpastures.ThisareaextendsintoacoveredareawhichCurrieCabotdescribesas“wildernessthatissomuchapartofVirginiaisveryclose,evenhereinthiswell-populatedcounty.Thedeerbrowseonthehoneysuckleattheedgeofthefiledswhilethetractorploughsbackandforthoverlandthatashortwhileagowaslostinmyrtlethicket;thesoundsofmechanizedfarming,likethoseoftheplanesthatcomeandgocontinuallyoverheadhavebecomeanintegralapartofthecountryasthebuzzingofinsects.”xxxiv

C H A P T E R V I I

PASTURE

HORSESHELTER

PASTURE

CARETAKERHOUSE

OFFICE

TRACTORSHED

DRIVEWWAY

PASTURE

TRAININGRING

HORSESTABLE

CEDARDRIVE

GRAVELCIRCLE

TENNISCOURT

ARBOUR

ORCHARD

BRIDGE

FENCING

FENCINGFENCING

FENCING

PLANTSAcer rubrum Albizia julibrissin Gleditsia triacanthos Ilex opaca Juniperus virginiana Liriodendron tulipifera Magnolia grandiflora Pyrus calleryana Pyrus sp. Quercus virginiana Spartina sp. Viburnum sp.

PLANOFFARMANDCARETAKERHOUSEN

PLANTSAcer rubrum Albizia julibrissin Gleditsia triacanthos Ilex opaca Juniperus virginiana Liriodendron tulipifera Magnolia grandiflora Pyrus calleryana Pyrus sp. Quercus virginiana Spartina sp. Viburnum sp.

Illustration the old barn and tractor.

3 41. View through the shed to the Caretaker House, 2010. 2. Caretaker House, 2010. 3. Construction of barn sheds and renovation of the

Caretaker House, photograph taken in April 1938. 4. Caretaker Cottage, 2010.

5. Renovated Caretaker House, 1946. 6. Renovations to the Caretaker House, March 30 1938.

7. Caretaker dwelling designed by Edward J. Mathews and photographed in 1946.

C H A P T E R V I I IThe Caretakers’ QuartersThecaretaker’shouseanddwellingsweredesignedbyEdwardJ.(Eddie)Mathewsinthe1930s.Themaincaretakerhousewhichstillstandstodayisdesignedaftertheoldkitchenhousewithamainchimneylocatedinthecenterofthehouse.Asoneapproachesthefarmarea,aviewthroughoneofthelargerbarnsframesthesettingofthehouseandaMagnoliatree(Magnolia grandiflora)inthebackground.

53|EXISTINGCONDITIONSPLAN

SCALLOPEDWALLSOUTHWALL

INNERGARDEN

NORTHWALL

OFFICE

CARETAKERHOUSE

TRACTORSHED

HORSESTABLE

PASTURE

TRAININGRING

TENNISCOURT

DRIVEWAY

POOLHOUSE

MAINHOUSE

MAINWALK

SOUTHLAWN

NORTHLAWNANDCOTTAGES

WELLANDGRAVELCIRCLE

ORCHARDANDARBOUR

PEONYGARDEN

PASTURE

CEDARDRIVE

ExistingPlantingsTreesAcer rubrum Red MapleAlbizia julibrissin Persian Silk Tree Carya illinoensis Pecan Cornus florida Flowering DogwoodCypress sp. CypressGleditsia triacanthos Honey LocustIlex opaca American HollyJuniperus virginiana Red CedarLagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’ White Crape MyrtleLagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ Rose Crape MyrtleLigustrum japonicum Japanese PrivetLiriodendron tulipifera Tulip PoplarMaclura pomifera Osage OrangeMagnolia grandiflora MagnoliaPyrus calleryana Bradford PearPyrus sp. PearPrunus sp. Weeping CherryQuercus rubra Northern Red OakQuercus virginiana Southern Live OakQuercus sp. OakSalix sp. WillowSyringa sp. Lilac TreeUlmus parviflora Lacebark ElmZelkova serrata Japanese Zelkova

ShrubsBuxus sempervirens American BoxwoodHydrangea paniculata Panicle HydrangeaViburnum sp. Viburnum

PerennialsFargesia sp. Clumping BambooMiscanthus sp. Maiden GrassPaeonia sp. PeonyRosa sp. RoseSpartina sp. Cordgrass

AfterwordNaturally,overthecourseofthepast200yearsnotallbuildingstructuresorplantingshaveremainedatGreenPlains.Nonetheless,thevibrantcharacterofthemainhouse,celebratedscallopedwallandgroundsstillexiststoday.Insomeinstancesmoreevidentthanwithothers,avibranthistorymarkedbyfourfamilies;twogenerationsoftheRoys,theCabotsandtwogenerationsoftheLongfamilyisevidentatthismostspecialpropertyalongtheNorthRiver,Virginia.Thewaysinwhichpieceswithinthegardenandarchitecturalstructureshavecometotellthestoryofthisevervitalpropertyvalidatetheimportanceofitspreservation. ItismyhopethatthisanalysisofexistingconditionswillaccuratelyreflectapastthatisgoneandprovidesalookathowthoseeventsshapedwhatGreenPlainsistoday.Throughcarefulanalysisoftheexistingconditions,aswellasathoroughlookintothepast,anunderstandingisgleanedofhowthelandscape,thehistoricaleventsanditsownershaveshapedGreenPlainsasweknowitto-day.Itiswiththiscompilationofinformationthatwecometoanewunderstandingoftheimmensevalueincontinuingthepreservationofthissitesothatitmaylastwellintothefutureforgenerationstocome.

1JamesH.RoywasamathematicianwhostudiedattheUniversityofEdinburgh.HeisresponsibleforthedesignoftheGreenPlainsmainhouseaswellasthescallopedwallthatisaseriesof12semi-circu-larforms.HealsolivedatGreenPlainsandwassucceededbyhisrelativeWilliamH.Roy.JamesHenryRoy,sonofMungoRoyofLocustGrove,CarolineCountywasamathematicianwhostudiedattheUniversityof.HemarriedElizabethBoothofBelleville.HeservedasmemberoftheHouseofDelegatesasdidhisson,WilliamHenryRoy.

2WilliamH.Roy,sonofJamesH.RoyandElizabethBooth.HewasadelegateoftheHouseofDele-gatesfrom1832to1834andinheritedGreenPlains.HusbandofAnneSeddonRutherfoordwhotogeth-erhadtwodaughters;Mrs.JohnC.Rutherfoord,ofRockCastle,andMrs.ThomasH.Carter,ofPam-patike.HelatermarriedagaintoEphan,daughterofJohnMaCrae,ofParkGate,PrinceWilliamCounty.Theyhadthreechildren;Mrs.WashingtonandMrs.Goldsboro,ofMaryland,andMrs.H.McKendreeBoyd,ofGreenPlains.HeisresponsiblefortheEastandWestwingtothemainhouseadditions.

3EdwardJ.(Eddie)MathewsisthebrotherofCurrieCabot(Mrs.FrancisH.Cabot)anddesignerofmuchofthepavingandwalksatGreenPlainsimmediatelysurroundingthehouseandgardens.Heisalsoresponsibleforthedesignofadditionstothemainhouseontheeastandwestwing,theterraceoutsideofthewestwing,themainhousesodsteps,andrenovationstotheinteriorofthehousethatweredoneinthe1940sand1950s.Hewasanaccomplishedarchitect.HewasfirstapartnerofMc-kim,Mead&WhiteandthenadesignerpartnerofSkidmore,Owings&Merrill.HedesignedthecurrentChaseManhattanBankbuildinginNewYorkCity,theheadquartersforConnecticutGeneralLifeInsur-ancenearHartfordandtheR.J.ReynoldsHeadquartersinRichmondamongotherprojects.MathewsalsodesignedtheCabotfamilyburialplotatWareChuchcemeteryinGloucesterCounty,Virginia.

4Mrs.FrancisH.(Currie)CabotwasthewifeofthelateFrancisH.Cabot.Sheisresponsibleforplantingtheboxwood.SheandherbrotherEdwardJ.MathewsdesignedwheretheboxwoodwouldbeplannedatGreenPlainstooutlinepathways,softenedges,andtocreatefocalpointsthroughoutthelandscape.In1947shewroteanarticleonGreenPlainspublishedinTown&Countrycirca1947.Sheandherhus-bandFrancisH.CabotareburiedintheWareChurchcemeteryinGloucesterCounty,Virginia.

5Mr.AugustusC.Long,formerCEOofTexacopurchasedGreenPlainsfromtheCabotsin1959.Hisdaughter,DorothyS.Long,currentlylivesatGreenPlains.Heisresponsiblefortheadditiontothewestwingofthemainhouseaswellastherenovationsofnumerousoutbuildingsandtheadditionofthepoolandtenniscourtsinthe1970s.HewasalsoLieutenantduringWWIIfortheUnitedStatesNavy.

6JamesCogarwasresponsibleforchangestotheinteriorofthemainhouseinthe1960sand1970s.Majorchangestotheinteriorincludedthefireplaces,interiordecoratingofthedownstairsfloorsandwoodworkinthelibrarywestwingextension.

7DorothyS.LongisthecurrentownerofGreenPlainsproperty.ShelivestherewithhersonAugustusJ.Long.DorothyspentmanyyearsasachildatGreenPlainswhenherfatherAugustusC.Longownedtheproperty.

8ElizabethBoothwasthedaughterofGeorgeBoothofBellevillewhowasarepresentativeoftheHouseofDelegatesfrom1718to1719.UponhermarriagetoJamesH.RoysheandherhusbandbecamethefirstfamilytoliveintheGreenPlainsmainhouse.

9AnneSeddonRutherfoordJohnsonisthedaughterofThomasSeddonofFredericksburg.ShewasthefirstwifeofWilliamH.Roywithwhomshehadtwodaughters;Mrs.JohnC.Rutherfoord,ofRockCastle,andMrs.ThomasH.Carter,ofPampatike.SheisresponsibleforawrittendepictionofwhatGreenPlainswaslikeduringthe1800sthatisallthatremainsfromitsearlyphasesasahomeandVictorianGarden.

10FrancisH.(Frank)CabotcurrentlylivesinQuebecwithhiswifeAnneontheirfamilypropertyLesQuatreVents,aprivategarden.AnAmericangardenerandhorticulturalist,photographer,graduateofHarvardCollegeand,previouschairmanoftheNewYorkBotanicalGardenandfounderoftheGardenConservancy,CabothasgardenedalloverAmericaandhelpedintherestorationandpreservationofmanylandscapesthroughouttheworld.HeisalsoauthorofthebookThe Greater Perfection at Les Quatre Vents.CabotspentmanyyearsasayoungboyatGreenPlainsandnotonlysharedhisfamilyphotographsandoldrecordsofGreenPlainsforthisproject,buthismemoriesofbeingtherethrough-outtheentireprocess.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ThisprojecthasbeenmadepossiblebytheGardenClubofVirginia,whichannuallyoffersRudyJ.Fa-

vrettiFellowship.SpecialthanksareduetothemembersoftheFellowshipCommittee.Thanksaredue

totheCabotsforsharingtheirfamilyphotoalbumsfromthe1930sthroughthe1960sandansweringmy

relentlessquestions.WithappreciationforFrankCabot,whohassharedwithmehischildhoodmemo-

riesandunparalleledsupportinmyendeavorswiththeGreenPlainsprojectasbotharesourceand

mentor.ThanksarealsoduetoSallyGuy,SusanandWilliamPerrin,WillRieley,BrentHeath,Roxanne

Brouse,MurdochMatheson,SandraGeiger,JebbandChrisCuthbert,andmyparentsNorwigandMi-

cheleDebye-Saxingerfortheirsupport,aswellasmembersoftheGardenClubofVirginia.Iwouldlike

tothankDorothyS.Longforcontributingtothepreparationofthisworkandwhogavefrequentlyofher

timeandknowledge.Forwithoutthemall,thiswouldnothavebeenpossible.

--------MariaDebye-Saxinger,RudyJ.FavrettiFellowshipRecipient2010

APPENDIXA:EXISTINGPLANTINGSANDBUILTELEMENTSINDEXEXISTINGCONDITIONSPLAN ExistingPlantings

TreesAcer rubrum Red MapleAlbizia julibrissin Persian Silk Tree Carya illinoensis Pecan Cornus florida Flowering DogwoodCypress sp. CypressGleditsia triacanthos Honey LocustIlex opaca American HollyJuniperus virginiana Red CedarLagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’ White Crape MyrtleLagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ Rose Crape MyrtleLigustrum japonicum Japanese PrivetLiriodendron tulipifera Tulip PoplarMaclura pomifera Osage OrangeMagnolia grandiflora MagnoliaPyrus calleryana Bradford PearPyrus sp. PearPrunus sp. Weeping CherryQuercus rubra Northern Red OakQuercus virginiana Southern Live OakQuercus sp. OakSalix sp. WillowSyringa sp. Lilac TreeUlmus parviflora Lacebark ElmZelkova serrata Japanese Zelkova

ShrubsBuxus sempervirens American BoxwoodHydrangea paniculata Panicle HydrangeaViburnum sp. Viburnum

PerennialsFargesia sp. Clumping BambooMiscanthus sp. Maiden GrassPaeonia sp. PeonyRosa sp. RoseSpartina sp. Cordgrass

THEMainhouse

ExistingPlantingsAR Acer RubrumBS Buxus sempervirensCI Carya illinoensisFS Fargesia sp.HS Hosta sp.LIa Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’L LawnMG Magnolia grandifloraMS Miscanthus sp.PS Paeonia sp.PP Prunus sp.QS Quercus sp. RS Rosa sp.SS Spartina sp.

BuiltElementsI MainHouseII TerraceIII MainWalkIV EntranceWalkV SodStepsVI KitchenCourtyardVII DrivewayVIII PoolHouseIX PoolX PoolShedXI Well

(PS)(BS)

(MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)

(HS) (FS)(SS)

(MS) (MS)

SOUTHLAWN

ExistingPlantingsAR Acer rubrum BS Buxus sempervirens CI Carya illinoensis CS Cypress sp. FS Fargesia sp. GT Gleditsia triacanthos HP Hydrangea paniculata IO Ilex opaca JV Juniperus virginiana LIa Lagerstroemia indica ‘Alba’

LIr Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ L Lawn MG Magnolia grandiflora MS Miscanthus sp.PS Paeonia sp. QS Quercus sp. SS Spartina sp. Ss Syringa sp.

BuiltElementsI MainHouseII DrivewayIII TerraceIV SodStepsV WellVI PostsVII SeaWallVIII PoolHouseIX PoolX PoolShed

(CI)(RS)

(BS) (BS)

(LIa)(LIa)

(Ss)(Ss)

(LIa)(LIa)

(LIa)(LIa)(LIr)

(PS) (PS)

(MG) (MG)

(MS) (MS)

(FS)(SS)

(FS) (FS)

(JV)(JV)

NORTHLAWNANDCOTTAGES

ExistingPlantingsAR Acer rubrum BS Buxus sempervirens CI Carya illinoensis CF Cornus florida IO Ilex opaca LIr Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ L Lawn LJ Ligustrum japonicum LT Liriodendron tulipifera MP Maclura pomifera MG Magnolia grandiflora MS Miscanthus sp. PS Paeonia sp. PC Pyrus calleryana PR Pyrus sp. QR Quercus rubra RS Rosa sp. UP Ulmus parviflora

BuiltElementsI MainHouseII BrickEntranceIII MainWalkIV EntranceWalkV ScallopedWallVI GardenEntranceVII GardenEntranceVIII CottageIX ShedX DuckHouseXI GardenShedXII PeonyGardenXIII Well

(BS) (BS)

(PS) (PS)

POOLHOUSE

ExistingPlantings FS Fargesia sp. MG Magnolia grandiflora MS Miscanthus sp. RS Rosa sp. SS Spartina sp. ZS Zelkova serrata

BuiltElementsI PoolHouseII PoolIII ShedIV PierV Driveway

OLDGARDEN

ExistingPlantingsAR Acer rubrumAJ Albizia julibrissin GS Gleditsia triacanthos IO Ilex opaca LIr Lagerstroemia indica ‘Rosea’ MG Magnolia grandiflora PS Paeonia sp.PP Prunus sp. QV Quercus virginiana RS Rosa sp. SA Salix sp. SS Spartina sp. VS Viburnum sp. ZS Zelkova serrata

BuiltElementsI GardenShedII NorthWallIII ScallopedWallIV GardenEntranceV GardenEntranceVI GardenEntranceVII SouthWallVIII BrickPathwayIX DrivewayX OfficeXI TennisCourtXII ShedXIII Well

(VS) (VS) (VS) (VS)

(GT) (AJ)

(QV)(QV)

(IO)(PS)

(MG)(ZS)

(LIr)(LIr)(LIr)

(LIr) (LIr)(QV)

IXVIII

IV III

HAHA,ORCHARD,ARBOURANDWELL

ExistingPlantingsAR Acer rubrum IO Ilex opaca LT Liriodendron tulipifera MG Magnolia grandiflora PS Paeonia sp. PC Pyrus calleryana PR Pyrus sp. QV Quercus virginiana

I BridgeII NorthWallIII GravelCircleIV WellV DuckHouseVI HahaVII ArbourVIII MainWalkIX GardenShedX ScallopedWallXI PeonyGardenXII CottageXIII Fencing

(AR)(IO)

(PR) (PR)(PR)

THEFARM,CARETAKERHOME,ORCHARD,HAHAANDTHECEDARALLEEExistingPlantingsAR Acer rubrum AJ Albizia julibrissin GS Gleditsia triacanthos IO Ilex opaca JV Juniperus virginianaL Lawn LT Liriodendron tulipifera MP Maclura pomifera MG Magnolia grandiflora P Pasture PC Pyrus calleryana PR Pyrus sp. QV Quercus virginiana SS Spartina sp. VS Viburnum sp.

BuiltElementsI CedarDriveII DrivewayIII GravelCircleIV WellV HorseShelterVI HahaVII ArbourVIII CottageIX DuckHouseX GardenShedXI ScallopedWallXII NorthWallXIII OfficeXIV TennisCourtXV ShedXVI TractorShedXVII SilohXVIII BarnXIX HorseStableXX TrainingRingXXI CaretakerHouseXXII ShedXXIII Fencing

(JV)(JV)

(AR)(IO)

(VS)(LT)(MP)

(QV)(QV)

(PC)(PR)

(PR) (PR)

(AJ)(GT)

XVIXVII

XXIXXII

XIIXIII

AERIALPHOTOGRAPHS,GREENPLAINS

APPENDIXB:AERIALSURVEYMATERIALSANDMAPSINDEX

PROPERTYSURVEYFROMAERIAL

MOBJACKBAY,LIBRARYOFCONGRESS1862

1916USGS,MATHEWSCOUNTY

CADASTRALMAP,GREENPLAINSPROPERTY

2010,SIGNIFICANTPLACES

ENDNOTESiJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.

iiChristian,FrancesArcher,andSusanneWilliamsMassie.HomesandGardensinOldVirginia.Richmond,Virginia:RichmondGarrettandMassieInc.,1962.Print.

iiiJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.

ivNethertonetal.,Nan.“TheEstablishmentofGloucesterCounty.”AHistory.Fairfax:Sinclair,1992.38.Print.

vChristian,FrancesArcher,andSusanneWilliamsMassie.HomesandGardensinOldVirginia.Richmond,Virginia:RichmondGarrettandMassieInc.,1962.Print.

viMontague,LudwellLee.GloucesterCountyintheCivilWar.Hampton,Virginia:PrestigePress,Inc.,1965.Print.

viiJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.

viii“HurricanesandVirginia.”HurricanesandtheMiddleAtlanticStates.N.p.,n.d.Web.15Sept.2010.<http://www.midatlantichurricanes.com/Virginia.html>.

ixCabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.

xJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.

xiComstock,Helen..“GreenPlains.”100MostBeautifulRoomsinAmerica,RevisedEdition..EditionandPrintingNotStateded.NewYork:TheVikingPress,1965.146-147.Print.

xiiFarrar,EmmieFerguson.OldVirginiaHouses-TheMobjackBayCountry.Firsted.NewYork:HastingsHouse,1955.Print.

xiiiCabot,Currie.“GreenPlains,TheEndofaSentimentalJourneythroughVirginia.”Town&CountryJan.1947:109-113,138.Print.

xivCabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.

xvCabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.

xvi“GreenPlains1935-1959.”Familyscrapbook.1935.FrancisH.Cabot.

xviiCabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.

xviiiCabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.

xixJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.

xxCabot,Currie.“GreenPlains,TheEndofaSentimentalJourneythroughVirginia.”Town&CountryJan.1947:109-113,138.Print.

xxiJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.

xxiiCabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.

xxiiiLong,Dorothy.Interview.July2010.

xxivJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.

xxvJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.

xxviCabot,Currie.“GreenPlains,TheEndofaSentimentalJourneythroughVirginia.”Town&CountryJan.1947:109-113,138.Print.

xxviiCabot,Currie.“GreenPlains,TheEndofaSentimentalJourneythroughVirginia.”Town&CountryJan.1947:109-113,138.Print.

xxviiiLong,Dorothy.Interview.July2010.

xxix“GreenPlains1935-1959.”Familyscrapbook.1935.FrancisH.Cabot.

xxxJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.

xxxiJohnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Cabot,FrancisHigginson.Interview.5June2010.

Cabot,Currie.“GreenPlains,TheEndofaSentimentalJourneythroughVirginia.”Town&CountryJan.1947:109-113,138.Print.

Christian,FrancesArcher,andSusanneWilliamsMassie.HomesandGardensinOldVirginia.Richmond,Virginia:RichmondGarrettandMassieInc.,1962.Print.

Comstock,Helen..“GreenPlains.”100MostBeautifulRoomsinAmerica,RevisedEdition..EditionandPrint-ingNotStateded.NewYork:TheVikingPress,1965.146-147.Print.

Dabney,MaryHoward;EleanorFieldMartin....PASTISPROLOGUEGLOUCESTERCOUNTYVIRGINIA.1stEded.Charlottes,NorthCaroline:GloucesterCountyHistoricalAndBicentennialCommittees,1973.Print.

“DigitalResources.”UniversityofVirginiaLibrary.VersionDigitalOrthophotoQuarter-Quadrangle,MathewsSouthwest.N.p.,n.d.Web.15Aug.2010.<http://www.lib.virginia.edu/scholarslab/resources/gis/vagaz/fi-nal_by_county.php?county_fips=51115&ALL=checkbox>.

Farrar,EmmieFerguson.OldVirginiaHouses-TheMobjackBayCountry.Firsted.NewYork:HastingsHouse,1955.Print.

Geeson,D.B.,R.S.Morris,andR.M.Thomas.“NorthRiver,GloucesterandMathewsCounties.”ShellfishClosureandShorelineSurveyDocuments.N.p.,8Apr.2005.Web.15July2010.<www.vdh.virginia.gov/Envi-ronmentalHealth/shellfish/shoreline/survey042.pdf>.

“GreenPlains1935-1959.”Familyscrapbook.1935.FrancisH.Cabot.

“GreenPlains1947”.BoundProfessionalCopies.1947.HaroldHalidayCostain.

“GreenPlains2000.”Slidecollection.2000.BrentHeath.

“GreenPlains,MathewsCounty.”Survey.2010.7March2010.LouisaAerialSurveys.

“HurricanesandVirginia.”HurricanesandtheMiddleAtlanticStates.N.p.,n.d.Web.15Sept.2010.<http://www.midatlantichurricanes.com/Virginia.html>.

Johnson,AnneSeddonRutherfoord.“GreenPlains.”HistoricGardensofVirginia.Richmond,Virginia.:TheJamesRiverGardenClub.,1923.158-160.Print.

Long,Dorothy.Interview.July2010.

“MathewsCounty:CadastralMaps.”MathewsCounty.VersionMap23.N.p.,n.d.Web.20July2010.<http://www.co.mathews.va.us/index.aspx?page=76>.

“MathewsVA.”Map.2010RoadMap:USA,Virginia.MathewsCounty,VA.Web.25August2010.<http://www.bing.com/maps/?FORM=Z9LH4#JnE9Lm1hdGhld3MrY291bnR5JTJjK3ZpcmdpbmlhJTdlc3N0LjAlN2VwZy4xJmJiPTM5LjEwMTYyNTQxODE3OTQlN2UtNzQuNTE4MDI4MDY2MjAzOCU3ZTM3LjE4NTgyNzA5N-TYzNiU3ZS03Ny44NjMzNjQ5ODAyNjYz>.

“Mathews,VirginiaQuadrangle.”MyTopo:HistoricalTopographicMaps.Version1916.N.p.,n.d.Web.15July2010.<http://historical.mytopo.com/>.

“Mathews,VirginiaQuadrangle.”MyTopo:HistoricalTopographicMaps.Version1917.N.p.,n.d.Web.15July2010.<http://historical.mytopo.com/>.

Montague,LudwellLee.GloucesterCountyintheCivilWar.Hampton,Virginia:PrestigePress,Inc.,1965.Print.

Nethertonetal.,Nan.“TheEstablishmentofGloucesterCounty.”AHistory.Fairfax:Sinclair,1992.38.Print.

Reed,Florence.RealEstateAgentLetter.1935.Hand-writtenletter.FrancisH.CabotCollection,Quebec,Canada.

“SallyChiltonRyan1936”.Personalscrapbookandarchiveofhistorichomesandchurches.1936.SandraGeiger.

“UniversityofVirginiaLibrary.”DigitalRasterGraphics(1:24,000),Mathews1986.N.p.,n.d.Web.15July2010.<http://www.lib.virginia.edu/scholarslab/resources/gis/vagaz/final_by_county.php?county_fips=51115&ALL=checkbox&DATA=NLCD+DOQQ+DEM10+DEM30+DRG24+DRG100+DRG250+SPOT&Submit=Submit>.

VirginiainMaps:FourCenturiesofSettlement,Growth,andDevelopment.1sted.Richmond,Virginia:LibraryOfVirginia,2000.Print.

YorkRiverandMobjack[sic]Bay,Va./tracingforMaj.Genl.FranklinfromMaj.Humphrey’s[sic]Comg.Topl.Engrs.,ArmyofPotomac.Humphreys,A.A.(AndrewAtkinson),1810-1883.

IMAGECREDITS

PHOTOGRAPHS

Francis H. Cabot:pages8(bottomleft),17(2,3,7and8),19(images1and2),20(image5and7),21(images1,2,7and8),30(images4and6),33(images1-5),37(images4-6and8),39(images6and7),43(images5,6and8),47(images8and9),49(images4and6).

Sally Chilton Ryan:page37(image7).

Harold Haliday Costain:pages21(image5),43(image7),51(images5and7).

Maria M. Debye-Saxinger:pages4,8(topleft),17(images5and10),19(image3),20(im-ages4and6),21(images3,4and6),25(images1,2,3and4),30(images1,2and3),33(images6,7,8and9),37(images1-3),39(images1-4),43(images1-4),47(1-6),49(images1-3).

Frank Hardy Realtors:pagestitlepage,17(images4and9),30(image5),39(image8).

Brent Heath:pages14,25(image6),39(image5),47(image7).

G.B. Lorraine:pages17(images1and6).

ILLUSTRATIONS

Allillustrations,plansanddrawingsbyMariaM.Debye-Saxinger.

ThisBookwascreatedonanHewlittPackardEliteBook8530wWorkstation.Thefollowingprogramswereusedforthemeasureddrawings:AutoCAD2010.Theillustrationsareallmixedmedia.TheAdobeCreativeSuiteCS4includingPhoto-shopandInDesignwereusedforthelayoutdesignofthebook.Theoverallgraphiclayoutofthebookwasdesignedbytheauthor.

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