green beyond the bottom line

Post on 27-Jan-2015

117 Views

Category:

Documents

4 Downloads

Preview:

Click to see full reader

DESCRIPTION

 

TRANSCRIPT

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Green Roundtable

Consulting, education, trainingand strategic planning

to create healthy environments byintegrating principles of

sustainability into mainstreamplanning, design and construction.

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

The Green Roundtable

Green Beyond the Bottom LinePaul Marquis

paul@greenroundtable.org

and

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Download presentations at:www.nexusboston.com/space/events/

archived_events.html

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

4

Why do green….

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

5

• Economics- Reducing energy cost/ protecting thebottom line

• Health- Maintaining a safe and healthy environmentfor one’s family & oneself

• Personal impact- Addressing the greater good-minimizing environmental footprint

The three prime movers (in order):

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Economic realities

Up front costs or first-costs of green buildingare often greater than conventional building

That doesn’t need to be the case!

Cost of Truro home: $190/ sq. ft.

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Economics of green building

• Sometimes we need to look beyond the issue of first-cost and take Total Cost of Ownership into account

• When looking at TCO, in addition to energy &operating resources, we need to look at durability &ease-of-maintenance

• Rebates, tax credits & other financing vehicles canhelp to manage first-costs

• In valuing green building, we may want to look atother, less-tangible factors as well

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

The trump card

A University of Michigan study demonstrated thatgreater than 90% of the embodied energy in a home

is attributable to operating energy

Reduce operating energy and potentially reduce totalcost of ownership (TCO) or life-cycle cost

significantly

Center for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Justifying increased up-front costs

Making the case for reduced Life-Cycle Cost or TCO:

• Green buildings usually use less energy/ resourcesto operate than their conventional counterparts

• Green buildings are typically more durable &maintenance-free due to the application of soundprinciples of building science

• Additional benefits like improved IEQ, minimizingimpact, increased security, etc. may warrant theincreased cost – What value do we place on these?!

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Why build green?

• Reduces the ecological footprint of the building

• Creates a safer and healthier indoor environment

• May improve property resale value

• May increase affordability

• Typically results in a more durable, maintenance-free building

• Reduces our dependence on foreign oil

Beyond the bottom line of energy efficiency/utility savings

• Provides security/ passive survivability

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Source: Case Studies In Resource-Efficient Residential Building,Building America program

Ex.: Offsetting increased first cost insome areas with savings in others

Cost offsetting

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Green criteria

• Efficiently uses energy & resources

• Contains high recycled material content

• Derived from rapidly renewable resources

• Can be reused/ recycled at the end of it’s useful life

• Locally sourced

• Biodegradable

• Durable & low-maintenance

• Produces minimal off-gassing

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

14

Cornerstones of green building

Site Site

Site Site

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Sweetening the pot

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Rebates and incentives

• Energy efficient mortgages

• MA state renewable energy tax credit

• MA state sales tax exemption

• Federal Energy Policy Act of 2005 (renewed for ’08)

• See DSIRE database (Database of StateIncentives for Renewables & Efficiency):http://www.dsireusa.org/

• Utility incentives

• Energy credit mortgages & “green loans”

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Federal Energy Policy Act of 2005

Examples:

• Energy Star windows/ skylights: 10% of cost up to$200 for all windows

• Exterior/ Storm doors: 10% of cost up to $500

• Insulation: 10% up to $500

• Geothermal heat pump: $300

• http://www.energy.gov/taxbreaks.htm

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Energy Efficient Mortgages

• Remodelers/ Refinancers:-Owner gets all the EEM benefits without moving.-Make improvements which will actually save money.-Increase the potential resale value .

• Allows you to increase your debt-to-income ratio

• Home Energy Rating System (HERS) report mustindicate that home will save money as a result of theimprovements- http://www.energy.ca.gov/HERS/;http://www.energyratings.org/

• For more info:http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cic_text/housing/energy_mort/energy-mortgage.htm

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Energy Efficient Mortgages, ex.

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Energy Credit Mortgages/ Green Loans

• Provide credit on closing costs

• Generally for new construction

• Being offered by Bank of America & WainrightBank among others

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

MA Renewables Tax Credit

• Solar Water Heat, Solar Space Heat, Photovoltaics,Wind

• 15% of cost up to $1000

• Excess credit may be carried forward three years

• http://www.state.ma.us/doer/programs/renew/renew.htm#taxcred

• Personal tax credit

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

MA State Sales Tax Exemption

• 100% of sales tax exempt; no maximum

• Solar Water Heat, Solar Space Heat, Photovoltaics,Wind, Geothermal Heat Pumps

• http://www.state.ma.us/doer/programs/renew/renew.htm#taxcred

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

•High-efficiency space heating equipment

•High-efficiency indirect water heating equipment

•ENERGY STAR® qualified windows

•ENERGY STAR® qualified thermostats

•ENERGY STAR® qualified central air conditioning

•ENERGY STAR® air source heat pump systems

Typical utility rebates

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

The Truro home:Sustainability w/ economy

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Scale

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Compare this:

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

To something like this:

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Stats:

• Size of Truro home prior to remodel: 1200 sq. ft.

• Size after remodel: ~2100 sq. ft.

• Size of lot: 0.22 acres

• Family of four

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

The average size of a U.S. single-familyhouse has increased by 33% since 1975. At

the same time average family size hasdecreased

Consider this:

Center for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Design Basics

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Orientation/ Design Basics

• Structure oriented along East-West axis; i.e. long sidefacing south (roofline adjusted to accommodate solar)

• Glazing on south-facing walls optimized for passivesolar gains

• Existing footprint maintained

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Durability

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Durability

• Uncomplicated design w/o too many intersectingplanes- improved durability, ease of maintenance

• Foamboard insulation exterior skin creates effectivedrainage plane

• Sprayed Icynene foam insulation provides moreeffective wall-cavity moisture management

• Enviroshake roof is a 100 year roof if properly installed

• Certainteed fiber-cement siding has expectedminimum life >50 years

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Materials

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Exterior Siding

CertainTeed Fiber Cement Siding - WeatherBoard

• >30% post-industrial recycled content- fly ash

• In addition to durability requires fewer paint cycles(15 year warranty on finish)

• Sustainable Forestry Initiative certified wood fibers

• Cheaper than cedar clapboards & shingles!

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Roofing

Enviroshake composite roofing

• High post-industrial recycled content

• Most of these types of roofing materials are abouthalf-again as much as premium asphalt-fiberglass(material cost), but durability may be the trump card

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Interior Paints

Sherwin-Williams Harmony zero VOC

• Marginally more expensive than ‘conventional’(installed cost)

• Provides safer indoor environment by reducingVOC off-gassing

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Flooring

- PlyBoo DuraPalm coconut flooring- WeCork cork tiles

• Made from rapidly renewable resources

• Pre-finished- reduces installation cost

• Finished with low-VOC polyurethane (water borne)

• Cork comparable in cost to T & G oak strip flooring;DuraPalm a bit more expensive (product only)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

PEX tubing for water supply piping

• Less embodied energy than copper

• More freeze-tolerant

• Facilitates structured plumbing; minimizes piping runs;shallow bends can improve delivery performance

• Less heat loss

• Easier to install; less expensive w/ competent sub-contractor

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Water conservation

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Water conservation

• Toto Aquia dual flush toilets installed

• Low-flow Hans Grohe bathroom fixtures

• Danze temperature control kitchen faucet

Assuming a cost premium of 100 –150; w/MWRA rates, payback can be as little as 3 years!(typ. Family of four)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Energy

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Windows

Fibertec windows with fiberglass frames

• Hollow, non-conductive window frame increaseseffective R-Value

• More expensive than vinyl-clad wood products, butincreased performance & environmental benefits mayjustify added cost

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Appliances

• Energy Star appliances used throughout (LG)

• Horizontal axis washing machine installed

• Dryer w/ dual moisture sensors

• Saves water as well as energy-can have fast payback time

• Dishwasher w/ booster heater

• Use 30 – 50% less water; 50 –60% lessenergy; 1/3 less detergent; kinder onclothes! (source: MWRA)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Natural daylighting

• Can reduce lighting loads and cooling loads

• Residential systems typically consist of skylights,clerestory windows or tubular daylighting devices(TDD’s; “sun tubes” or “light tubes”)

• Improves indoor environmental quality

• ODL Sun Tunnel installed in Truro project

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Skylights may contribute to summer overheatingand winter heat loss.

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Sky tube (TDD)

Installed cost typicallyless than skylights

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

IEQ

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

IEQ

• Low- VOC finishes & low-formaldehyde engineeredlumber products used

• Natural daylighting via skytube & effective use ofwindow area

• Ventilation??

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Site

• Gravel driveway provides good permeability forstorm water

• Less expensive than hard paving

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Some other things I might haveconsidered

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Basic design elements

• Overhangs on south-facing roof to limit summer(overhangs throughout to protect walls)

• Nighttime window insulation/ Thermal mass??

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Materials: Low-hanging fruit

• Employ advanced framing techniques

• Use structure as finish

• Use salvaged/ surplus materials (Existing shelllargely maintained)

• Use FSC-certified lumber (Forest StewardshipCouncil; fscus.org)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Insulation

Some alternatives to Icynene to consider:

• Wet-blown (dense pack) cellulose

• Denim batts (w/ foam skin over exterior sheathing)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Advanced Framing

• Saves on labor cost since fewer “sticks” installed

• Saves on framing lumber expense

• Reduces lumber disposal cost/ impact

• Savings estimates range to 20% of overall framingexpense

In a Building America test project, advanced framingreduced lumber expense by $1.05 per sq. ft.(Canoffset the cost of using FSC-certified lumber)

• Reduces drywall cracking – fewer callbacks forbuilders??

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Advanced framing & efficiency

• Providing more room for insulation!

• Reducing bridging heat loss

Improves thermal efficiency of building by:

In the same Building America test project, annualheating and cooling costs were reduced by29.2%, or $293*

* http://www.toolbase.org/pdf/techinv/oveadvancedframingtechniques_techspec.pdf

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Advanced Framing

• “Right-sized” headers; insulated, engineered headers

• 2 x 6 studs on 24” centers

• Jack studs eliminated at window openings

• No headers in non-load bearing partitions

• Single top plate if trusses/ roof rafters placeddirectly over wall studs (stacked framing)

• Open corner framing (2-stud corners)

• Ladders at T-intersections

Some major elements:

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Advanced Framing & MA building code

780 CMR 56.00 Wall Construction

Advanced framing is specifically allowed by theMA One & Two Family Dwelling Code. See:

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Kitchen

• Source cabinets locally (Neil-Kelly cabinets shippedfrom Oregon)

• Examples of alternatives:- Paperstone- Ice Stone- Squak Mountain Stone

• Use countertops made from recycled or rapidlyrenewable materials (granite countertops used inproject have a high embodied energy due toextraction, cutting & polishing)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Exterior trim

• Use non-vinyl based composites

• Examples:- HardiPlank- WeatherBoard

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Roofing

• Use light colors on low roofs to minimize coolingload & heat island effect

• Example:- Authentic Roof by Crowe Building Products- Naturals fiber/cement composite

• Look for higher (post-consumer) recycled content

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Water conservation

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Water conservation

• Collect rainwater for landscape irrigation

• Incorporate graywater systems

• Use demand pumps in supply system (Metlund,TACO; see gothotwater.com for example)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

68

Gothotwater.com

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Gray water

• Collected from drain-waste-vent system other thantoilets, dishwashers & kitchen sinks with garbagediposals (“Black water”)

• May be difficult to get local code approval for somesystems

• Generally used for flushing toilets, landscapeirrigation & other non-potable, utility purposes

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

http://www.gaiam.com/product/eco-home-outdoor/energy-efficient-climate-control/energy-saving-tools/toilet+lid+sink.do

Gray water: A direct approach

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Domestic Hot Water

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

DHW

• Use instantaneous hot water heaters (tankless)

• Save energy by eliminating standing heat loss (vs.conventional tank-style water heater); estimated savings24 – 34%

• May enjoy substantial rebates from utilities

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Tankless water heaters

• Examples of brands: Rinnai, Noritz, Takagi

• Gas-fired typically more responsive and can provideneeded capacity more effectively

• Cost more than standard water heaters but last longer

• More choices as to location/ placement

• Direct-venting; e.g. can exhaust through wall

• Look for min. flow rates of 0.3 – 0.5 gal./min.

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=dishwash.pr_dishwashershttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=clotheswash.pr_clothes_washershttp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=boilers.pr_boilers

Energy Star savings calculators

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

A general list of tools offered by the U.S. Departmentof Energy are available over the web at:http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_directory/subjects.cfm/pagename=subjects/pagename_menu=whole_building_analysis/pagename_submenu=load_calculation

General analysis tools

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Defining green: Design resources

• Building America-http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/about.html

• Environmental Building News/ Greenspec-http://www.buildinggreen.com)

•http://www.austinenergy.com/Energy%20Efficiency/Programs/Green%20Building/Sourcebook/index.htm

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Measuring Green:Rating Systems

• LEED - www.usgbc.org

• Energy Star Homes- www.energystar.gov

• International Energy Conservation Code (IEEC)-http://www.iccsafe.org/

• HERS (http://www.energy.ca.gov/HERS)

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

GRT: www.greenroundtable.orgRenewable Energy: www.nrel.govUS DOE: www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/EPA: www.epa.gov/ne/greenbuildings

Residential Green Building Guide:A Web Source Book for New Englandwww.epa.gov/ne/greenbuildings

NAHB: Model Green Home Building Guidelines:www.nahb.org

Additional Resources

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

• Upcoming workshops• Reference library• Samples library• Cyber Lounge• Online resources at nexusboston.com (in the

pipeline)• Local green building community

And don’t forget about NEXUS!

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Local Resources

The Green Roundtable(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

The Green Roundtable, Inc. (GRT) is an independent non-profitorganization whose mission is to mainstream green building andsustainable design and become obsolete. We work toward this goal bypromoting and supporting healthy and environmentally integrated buildingprojects through strategic outreach, education, policy advocacy andtechnical assistance.

www.greenroundtable.orginfo@greenroundtable.org

617-374-3740

www.nexusboston.com38 Chauncy Street, Boston

Located in downtown Boston, NEXUSwelcomes all to come ask questions,research topics, and attend tours andevents on green building and sustainabledesign innovation.

THANK YOU

top related