graphic overview of alimentary canal how are we similar to a tall donut? introduction to digestive...
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Graphic overview of alimentary canal
How are we similar to a tall donut?
Introduction to Digestive System
What is/are the function(s) of the digestive system?
What structures are necessary?
How does function varywith form?
Introduction to Digestive System
How does this system develop embryologically?
_____________ is the epithelial lining of the alimentary canal.
________ splits into _______ and ____________ mesoderm.
Splanchnic mesoderm contributes to substance of G.I. Viscera (visceral and parietal peritoneum).
Yolk or membrane connection is the _____________
Anterior = ___________ and posterior = _________.
Introduction to Digestive System
What are features of the mouth and oral cavity?
_______________in jawed fishes
_______________in tetrapod
What comprises the cavity?Laterally… the _______ (mucousa, buccinator, hypodermis, dermis, and epidermis)
Superiorly…
Oral Cavity
Oral CavityWhat are features of the mouth and oral cavity?
Reptiles have _____________, this channels air from _______ _________ to ________.
Anurans can have openings that lead to evaginations of the oral cavity (___________) extending below the phayrnx.
Seed eating birds can have a similar evagination (__________) suspended by the mylohyoid.
Granivorous mammals can have ______________
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/7/7d/240px-Litoria_chloris_calling.jpg
http://www.birdandhike.com/Wildlife/Mamm/06Rod/04_Het/Dip_mer/D_mer.htm
Hard and Soft palates
__________________:congenital defect where embryonic tissues fail to fuse
What can your palate do for you?
Oral Cavity
Tongue
Tongue
Tongue
TongueWhat are the functions of the tongue?
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• Bound by the ___________
What are the functions of the oral glands of tetrapods?
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Can produce toxins (________ in 4 snake groups, ___________ in lizard)
Initiate digestion (_____________)
Aid in immunity (_____________)
_______________in fish… papa catfishes
Oral Glands
3 paired glands:***
Scattered small tubular glands
How do you salivate?
Secrete …
Endocrine or Exocrine?
Oral Glands
TeethWho has teeth and who doesn’t?
The “haves” Gnathostomes, amphibians, most reptiles, and mammals (highest specialization).
And the “have nots” Agnathans, modern birds, a few mammals lack teeth.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6445952/
http://i28.photobucket.com/albums/c219/ucfburnsy/platypus.jpg
TeethHow do teeth develop?
Teeth are the derivatives of …
How do teeth develop?
Teeth (and placoid scales) are composed of __________ and a covering of _________________.
______________develop as in growths of ectoderm along the jaws.
______________develop under the future site of each tooth.
______________ deposit dentin.
Dental lamina forms _______ __________with ___________ that deposit _____________.
Teeth
Teeth
Mastication = Which type of digestion? Why?Accomplished via:
Types of teeth:****
TeethWhat is the oral cavity and what does it do?
How are teeth attached?
__________________and ________ keep teeth associated with sockets in mammals (_____________).
In some fishes teeth are on the “shoulder” of the dentary bone (______________)
In anurans, urodeles and squamates they are attached to the inner aspect (________________)
Many fishes, toothed birds, crocodilians and mammals thereis a socket (________________)
Teeth
How do teeth vary?
Sharks have a broad basal plate anchored in …
Some teeth are adapted for: - crushing shells etc.
- Modified to deliver ______
Peak of specialization in…
Incisors of rodents and lagomorphs …
Missing canines and/or premolars results in a ________
Teeth
Teeth
Alimentary Canal Structure
Stomach
Stomach
Stomach
What are the functions of the stomach?
______________(sometimes this task is given to specialized structures ex. crop).
________________(Gizzard of birds and crocodilians, gastroliths)
________________(which nutrient category?)
____________ and _________ consistency of chyme and _______________ into the small intestine
Stomach
How are the regions of a stomach related to their function?
Specific cells responsible for specific components of _______________.
Regions with minimal __________________ have esophogeal-like epithelia.
Regions with abundant zymogen and parietal cells have ____________________________ is important muscular sphincter
Stomach
What are the structures as related to human anatomy?
Stomach
What about ruminates?
_________ are sacs/caeca that facilitate the chemical digestion of the tough polysaccharide cellulose. The necessary enzyme is _________ produced by anaerobic bacteria.
Returning the _____________ back to the mouth facilitates additional mechanical digestion.
Temporary storage is in the ___________ and the glandular stomach is the ____________
Stomach
How is intestine structure related to function?
Chemical digestion = secreted by the ________ and those associated with the epithelium
Abosorption =
Transportation =
___________ maintained by mucous glands
Intestines
Contains features such as:
Why?
Functions include:
What’s the internal anatomy of the small intestines?
Digestive enzymes in association w/ microvilli:
Intestines
Digestive glands
_______________: formed in lobules, drains out hepatic ducts, secreted and/or stored in gall bladder.____________: can store nutrients (glycogen, vitamins, fats)________________ ____________: metabolically “swapped” ____________________________________
What’s the digestive role of the Liver?
What are gall stones?
Liver and Pancreas
Pancreas
http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab20/IMAGES/PANCREATIC%20ISLET%203%20SMALL.jpg
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Normal flora can produce:
**
Capable of mass movements
What are the functions of the colon?
Colon
How does it (defecation) happen?
Diarrhea & Constipation
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• __________results in defecation reflex w/c is a contraction of _______________ and ________ of internal anal sphincter.
• If ignored reflex is _________.
• If acted upon, voluntary actions result in ________.
Colon
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