grammatical concepts book

GRAMMATICAL CONCEPTS BOOKElisa JonesPeriodo 3Honors Spanish 3

Table of Contents

Preterite Preterite Trigger

Words Car-Gar-Zar Spock Verbs Cucaracha Verbs Snake/Snakey Verbs Imperfect Imperfect Trigger

Words Imperfect Irregular Preterite vs. Imperfect Ser vs. Estar

Verbs Like Gustar Comparatives/

Superlatives Connecting Words Future Future Trigger Future Irregular Por Para Demonstrative

adjectives Demonstrative

pronouns

Preterite

actions that are completed to express the beginning or end of a past

action to narrate a series of past actions/events

-AR -ER/IR

yo -é -í

tú -aste -iste

él/ella/ud. -ó -ió

nosotros -amos -imos

ellos/ellas/uds. -aron -ieron

Preterite Trigger Words

el dia anterior ayer la semana pasada en fin de semana

pasada el mes pasado el otro dia anoche

the day before yesterday last week last weekend last month the other day last night

En Español En Inglés

Car-Gar-ZarVerbs ending in..

-car change the c to: -qu

-gar change the g to: -gu

-zar change the z to: -c

ONLY IN ‘YO’ FORM!

yo jugué (I played)yo busqué (I looked)yo almorcé (I ate lunch)

Spock Verbs

ver (to see)/ dar (to give): use the same endings in the preterite

ser (to be)/ ir (to go): have same conjugation in the preterite

hacer (to do)

fui fuiste fue fuimos fueron

vi viste vio vimos vieron

di diste dio dimos dieron

hice hiciste hizo hicimos hieron

Cucaracha Verbs

Verb 1st Person

Andar Anduve

Conducir*

Conduje

Decir* Dije

Estar Estuve

Verb 1st Person

Hacer Hice

Poner Puse

Poder Pude

Querer Quise

Verb 1st Person

Saber Supe

Tener Tuve

Traer* Traje

Venir Vine

-e -iste -o -imos -e -iste -o -imos -ieron-ieron

all share same endings!

Snake/Snakey Verbs

only changes in 3rd person

e>i: venir, servir, preferir, pedir.

o>u: dormir, morir.

only changes in 3rd person

i>y: oir e>y: leer, creer

snake snakey

Imperfect

actions that are not completed to express habitual past actions to describe physical/emotional states or

characteristics.

-AR -ER/-IR

(yo) aba (yo) ía

(tú) abas (tú) ías

(él/ella/ud.) aba (él/ella/ud.) ía

(nosotros) abamos (nosotros) íamos

(ellos/ellas/uds.) aban (ellos/ellas/uds.) ían

Imperfect Trigger Words

todos los dias siempre nunca a veces a menudo casi siempre todo el tiempo

every day always never sometimes often almost always all the time

En español En Inglés

Imperfect Irregular Verbs

IR (to go) SER (to be) VER (to see)

yo iba era veía

tú ibas eras veías

él/ella/ud. iba era veía

nosotros íbamos éramos veíamos

ellos/ellas/uds. iban eran veían

Preterite vs. Imperfect

Preterite: perfect action in the past

Imperfect: unperfected action in the past

Ser vs. Estar

description origin characteristics time occupation relationships possession event date

health emotion

s location

s present

condition

i n g

ser (to be) estar (to be)

•present participles

-ar: -ando

-er/ir: -iendo or -yendo

Verbs Like Gustar

hacer

faltar

soprender

disgustar

doler

apetecer

preocupar

interesar

encantar

fascinar

example of gustar: “Me gusta mi perro.” the subject pronoun is placed in front of

the verb, which is subjugated according to the direct object (singular or plural). example: “Te amo” literally translated

means “you I love.”

me te le nos les

Comparatives/Superlatives

Connecting Words

aunque también mientras pero por lo tanto a pesar de sin embargo/no

obstante

even though also while but therefore in spite of nevertheless

en español en inglés

Future Tense

I, you, he/she, we, they WILL. same endings for -ar, -er, & -ir

yo + infinitive + é tú + infinitive + ás él/ella/ud. + infinitive + á nosotros + infinitive + emos ellos/ellas/uds. + infinitive + án

comer

yo comeré

tú comerás

él comerá

nos

comeremos

ellos

comerán

Future Trigger Words

Future Irregular Tense

decir dir hacer har poder podr poner

pondr querer

querr saber sabr salir saldr tener tendr valer valdr venir vendr

all still keep the same future tense endings!

all still keep the same future tense endings!

Por

passing through general rather than

specific how long something

lasts cause of something an exchange doing something in

place of someone else means of

transportation

portal portugal porever porpuse import/export por someone else transportation

Para

for whom something is done

destination purpose for which

something is done to express opinion contrast/compare to express deadline

paraty paraguay parasites paradon me… compara paramedic!

Demonstrative Adjectives

always are in the front of the verb always agree in gender & number

Demonstrative Pronouns

Singular masculine éste (this) ése (that) aquél (that)

Plural masculine éstos (these) ésos (those) aquéllos (those)

Singular feminine ésta (this) ésa (that) aquélla (that)

Plural feminine éstas (these) ésas (those) aquéllas (those)

Singular neuter esto (this) eso (that) aquello (that)

same as demonstrative adjectives, except these stand in for the noun instead of modifying it.

same as demonstrative adjectives, except these stand in for the noun instead of modifying it.