graduate school presentation - minot state...

Graduate School Presentation

Addiction StudiesPsychologySocial Work

Section 1: Graduate School Factors Section 2: Funding Graduate School and Debt Issues Section 3: Employment and Earnings

Section 1

Considering Graduate School: Decision Factors

Consider your long term goals

Social work? Maybe important depends on the type of practice you desire

Population, or specialization Geography Job Outlook: LSW, LCSW, LICSW MSW: application to future career choices/options Standard for professional independent practice

Section 1

Considering Graduate School: Decision Factors Psychology or Addiction Studies Academic career: yes Applied areas

clinical or counseling: yes I/O: possibly

Research will be a component of most programs

Helpful Sources for Decision Making

Professors/Advisors Graduate school students at your university Web sites with focus on your discipline and

specialties Books with focus on graduate schools for your

discipline

TABLE 1APsychology Programs

Emphasis placed on admission criteria

Admission criteria Doctoral Master’s

Extracurricular activity Low Low to Medium

Work experience Medium Medium

Clinically related public service Medium Medium

GRE/MAT scores Medium to high Medium to high

Research experience High Medium

GPA High High

Letters of recommendation High High

Statement of goals and objective

High High

Interview High High

Source: Pate, W. E II (2001). Analyses of Data from Graduate Study in Psychology:1999 – 2000. Retrieved March 2, 2005 from http://research.apa.org/grad00contents.html

TABLE 1BSocial Work

Emphasis placed on admission criteria Preparation for the Professional Practice of Social Work Academic Preparation a crucial BEGINNING point Must demonstrate ability to integrate theory into practice

Two Questions:1. Academic preparation and ability to succeed2. Has the applicant’s interest in the field been tested & what

contributions can the applicant make to the profession

Source: Retrieved March 2, 2005 from http://sociawork.tripod.com/graduate.html

Social Work Table 1B Continued

GPA Post-Sophmore Overall

GRE or MAT Letters of Recommendation Work and Volunteer Experiences Statement of Purpose/Supplementary Statement

Writing sample Educational and Professional Goals Experience & Exposure to the Profession “Fit” with Program/Specialization

Revised GREImplemented August 1, 2011

Verbal Reasoning Reading Comprehension Text Completion Sentence Equivalencehttp://www.ets.org/gre/revised_general/prepare/verbal_reasoning

Quantitative Reasoning basic mathematical skills understanding of elementary

mathematical concepts ability to reason quantitatively

and to model and solve problems with quantitative methods http://www.ets.org/gre/revised_general/prepare/quantitative_reasoning

Analytical Writing 30 minute “Analyze an Issue”

task 30 minute”Analyze an Argument “

taskhttp://www.ets.org/gre/revised_general/prepare/analytical_writing

Analytic Writing Scale 0 – 6: unrevised

Revised Scale for Verbal and Quantitative Reasoning Sections 130 – 170

Preparation for Revised GREhttp://www.ets.org/gre/revised_general/

prepare

Verbal Reasoning

Analyze and draw conclusions from discourse; reason from incomplete data; identify author's assumptions and/or perspective; understand multiple levels of meaning such as literal, figurative and author's intent.

Select important points; distinguish major from minor or relevant points; summarize text; understand the structure of a text.

Understand the meanings of words, sentences and entire texts; understand relationships among words and among concepts.

Verbal Reasoning Sample Questions http://www.ets.org/gre/institutions/about/general/verbal_reasoning_

sample_questions

Quantitative Reasoning

Understand quantitative information. Interpret and analyze quantitative information. Solve problems using mathematical models. Apply basic mathematical skills and elementary mathematical concepts

of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, probability and statistics.

Quantitative Reasoning Sample Questions http://www.ets.org/gre/institutions/about/general/quantitative_reaso

ning_sample_questions

Analytic Writing

Articulate complex ideas clearly and effectively. Examine claims and accompanying evidence. Support ideas with relevant reasons and examples. Sustain a well-focused, coherent discussion. Control the elements of standard written English.

Analytical Writing Sample Questions http://www.ets.org/gre/institutions/about/general/analytical_writing

_sample_questions

Table 1A: Verbal and Quantitative Interpretive Data Used on Score ReportsGRE Data Percentile Ranks: New Scale (130 – 170)

(Based on the performance of all examinees who tested betweenAugust 1, 2011, and April 30, 2013) Taken from Score Use Guide at https://www.ets.org/s/gre/pdf/gre_guide_table1a.pdf on October 10, 2013

Percent of Examinees Scoring Lower than Selected Scaled ScoresScaled Score

VerbalReasoning

Quantitative Reasoning

170 99 98

169168167166165

9998979695

9796959391

164163162161160

9391898784

8987848178

159158157156155

8178737066

7572696561

154153152151150

6258534944

5753494541

Scaled Score

VerbalReasoning

Q1uantitative Reasoning

149148147146145

4036322824

3733292522

144143142141140

2118151210

181513118

139138137136135

76532

65322

134133132131130

2111

111

Table 1B: Analytical Writing Interpretive Data Used on Score ReportsFrom GRE Data for Percentile RanksAnalytic Writing Scale Not Revised

(Based on the performance of all examinees who tested between August 1, 2011, and April 30, 2013) Taken from Score Use Guide at https://www.ets.org/s/gre/pdf/gre_guide_table1a.pdf on October 10, 2013)

Score Levels Percent of Examinees Scoring Lower than Selected Scaled Scores Analytical writing

6.0 99

5.5 97

5.0 93

4.5 78

4.0 54

3.5 35

3.0 14

2.5 6

2.0 2

1.5 1

1.0

0.5

0.0

Table 1C: Average Performance Statistics on the GRE revised General TestRetrieved from https://www.ets.org/s/gre/pdf/gre_guide_table1a.pdf on October 10, 2013

Six percent of examinees did not provide gender data

Verbal Reasoning

QuantitativeReasoning

AnalyticWriting

Mean 150.75 151.91 3.61

StandardDeviation

8.40 8.79 0.85

Number of Examinees

952,816 953,916 949,103

Percent Women

52

PercentMen

42

General Test Percentage Distribution of Scores for Psychology and Social Work (Based on the performance of seniors and nonenrolled college graduates who tested between

August 1, 2011 and April 30, 2013). Taken from Score Use Guide at https://www.ets.org/s/gre/pdf/gre_guide.pdf on October 10, 2013)

From Table 4: Percent of Examinees Scoring Within the Selected Scaled Scores

PsychologyVerbal Quantitative

Social WorkVerbal Quantitative

170 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0

165-169 3.o 1.1 1.8 0.5

160-164 10.8 4.6 7.0 1.6

155-159 22.6 13.4 16.3 6.3

150-154 26.6 24.6 21.7 15.7

145-149 22.1 27.1 25.0 24.6

140-144 11.2 20.2 18.1 27.9

135-139 2.8 7.6 7.9 18.7

130-134 0.6 1.3 2.0 4.7

N 42,415 42,414 5,120 5,117

Mean 152 149 149 145

St. Dev 7 7 7 7

General Test Percentage Distribution of Scores for Psychology and Social Work (Based on the performance of seniors and nonenrolled college graduates who tested between

August 1, 2011 and April 30, 2013 Taken from Score Use Guide at https://www.ets.org/s/gre/pdf/gre_guide.pdf on October 10, 2013)

From Table 4: Percent of Examinees Scoring Within the Selected Scaled Scores for Analytic Writing

Psychology Social Work

5.5 & 6.0 3.0 1.8

4.5 & 5.0 26.6 19.1

3.5 & 4.0 51.5 48.4

2.5 & 3.0 17.3 25.7

1.5 & 2.0 1.5 4.7

0.5 & 1.0 0.0 0.3

0.0 0.0 0.0

N 42,339 5,111

Mean 3.9 3.6

St. Dev. 0.7 0.8

Graduate School Programs: Role of GPA and GRE

TABLE 2APsychology Programs: 1990’s GRE Test

Doctoral Master’sMinimum Average Minimum Average

% Req Score Score % Req Score Score

GRE-Verbal47 535

≈ 156569

≈ 15841 473

≈ 151513

≈ 154

GRE-Quantitative 47 541≈ 145

617≈ 149

40 475≈ 143

552≈ 146

GRE-Verbal and Quantitative

38 1066 1161 32 975 1057

GRE – WrittenNo Data: not used in old version (Analytical)

GRE-Subject (Psychology)

21 567 628 12 518 569

MAT 2 60 52 6 46 47

Overall Undergraduate GPA

49 3.04 3.53 55 2.90 3.33

Last Two Years GPA 3.61 25 3.00 3.45

Psychology GPA 3.66 24 3.05 3.48Source: Pate, W. E II (2001). Analyses of Data from Graduate Study in Psychology:1999 – 2000. Retrieved March 2, 2005 from http://research.apa.org/grad00contents.html

Note: ≈ values Under GRE Verbal& GRE QuantitativeAre approximate Conversion scores From old GRE scale Taken from https://www.ets.org/s/gre/pdf/gre_guide.pdf on October 10, 2012

TABLE 2BSocial Work

GPA Type of program to consider

≥ 3.5 Doctoral or Master’s3.0 – 3.49 Master’s, possibly Doctoral2.75 < 3.0 possibly Master’s

Source: Retrieved March 2, 2005 from http://sociawork.tripod.com/graduate.html

Selection of Graduate School

Start process early

Research schools to find best fit for youinternetbooks

Select schools with faculty you think you would like to work within social work, select your specialization

USNEWS and World Report school rankingsfederal and private funding information

Consider cost of school and living

Selection of Graduate School in Social Work

All schools are not the same CSWE Accredited State Social Work Licensing Requirements Pursue all forms of scholarships/financial aid Field Work Options Clinical to Policy Continuum Clinical concentration areas Areas of practice: elderly, children and families, military Macro concentrations

Special Considerations

Information requested by graduate schools

GPA GRE Letters of recommendation Research experience Statement of goals and interests

How many schools do I apply to?

Enough to maximize chances of getting accepted yet have some money left over after applying

Ask if program acceptance is on set date or revolving

One strategy for using school rankings (tier system)Ranking Number of schoolslong shots 2 or 3good shots 2 or 3about guaranteed 2 or 3

Potential types of interviews

Phone In person

Section 2

Funding Graduate School and Debt Issues

From TABLE 3Psychology

Doctoral MastersField Acceptance Enrollment Acceptance Enrollment

Health Service Fields17% 67% 59% 72%

Research/other Fields 23% 57% 60% 67%

Overall 21% 62% 59% 71%

Health service fields: clinical, community, counseling, health, school, other health service provider fieldsResearch/other fields: cognitive, developmental, educational, experimental, IO, general, Comparative (neuroscience/physiological/biological), personality, quantitative, other research/other fieldsSource: Pate, W. E II (2001). Analyses of Data from Graduate Study in Psychology:1999 – 2000. Retrieved March 2, 2005 from http://research.apa.org/grad00contents.html

Cost of Graduate Psychology: 2009 – 10Median Tuition

Doctoral Master’sTuition

per academic

year

Public Private Overall (Public/ Private and Doctoral /Masters Departments

State Res. $7,789 $27,993 $7,200

Non-State Res.

$18,447 $28,113 $15,888

Tuition/credit hour

State Res. $346 $950 $7,200

Non-State Res.

$773 $950 $340

Adapted from http://www.apa.org/workforce/publications/11-grad-study/table-27.pdf and http://www.apa.org/workforce/publications/11-grad-study/table-28.pdf on September 29, 2010

Health Service Provider FieldsHealth Service Provider Fields Research/Other FieldsResearch/Other Fields

Category Percentage

Own Earnings or Family Support

24.4

University RA/TA 28.1

Loans 37.2

Grants 2.6

Other 6.1

Not Specified 1.6

Category Percentage

Own Earnings or Family Support

10.0

University RA/TA 60.5

Loans 13.0

Grants 8.7

Other 7.0

Not Specified 0.8

Primary Sources of Financial Support by Broad Subfield for Recent Doctorates (includes PsyDs) in Psychology: 2007

Taken from Pate & Finno (2009) http://www.apa.org/workforce/presentations/grad-debt-salaries.pdf on October 31, 2011 Source: APA 2007 Early Career Psychologist Survey. Compiled by APA Center for Workforce Studies, April 2009.

PhDPhD PsyDPsyD

Category Percentage

Own Earnings or Family Support

20

University RA/TA 44

Loans 17

Grants 14

Other 3

Not Specified 3

Category Percentage

Own Earnings or Family Support

33

University RA/TA 3

Loans 38

Grants 21

Other 2

Not Specified 4

Primary Sources of Financial Support by Broad Subfield for Recent Doctorates in Psychology: 2007

Taken from Pate & Finno (2009) http://www.apa.org/workforce/presentations/grad-debt-salaries.pdf on October 31, 2011

Source: APA 2007 Early Career Psychologist Survey. Compiled by APA Center for Workforce Studies, April 2009.

First-Year Psychology Graduate Students Funding: 2009 -10 * does not include student loans

Doctoral Master’s

Median Public Private Public Private

TA Pay/year $12,623 $14,000 $6,502 $3,675

Hours worked/week

20.0 17.0 20.0 14.5

RA Pay/year $12,933 $6,425 $6,574 $3,150

Hours worked/week

20.0 12.0 18.0 12.5

Traineeships

Pay/year $14,516 $15,000 $6,000 $6,750

Hours worked/week

20.0 11.0 13.0 17.0

Fellowships

Pay/year $15,000 $5,200 $2,000 $2,170

Hours worked/week

7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Adapted from http://www.apa.org/workforce/publications/11-grad-study/table-29.pdf on September 29, 2010

Advanced Psychology Graduate Students Funding: 2009 -10 * does not include student loans

Doctoral Master’s

Median Public Private Public Private

TA Pay/year $13,534 $6,000 $7,000 $3,288

Hours worked/week

20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

RA Pay/year $13,682 $6,600 $6,667 $3,400

Hours worked/week

20.0 12.0 16.0 10.0

Traineeships

Pay/year $13,569 $15,000 $5,000 $7,375

Hours worked/week

20.0 15.0 15.0 20.0

Fellowships

Pay/year $15,000 $5,000 $2,300 $2,400

Hours worked/week

7.5 0.0 0.0 5.0

Adapted from http://www.apa.org/workforce/publications/11-grad-study/table-29.pdf on September 29, 2010

Primary Sources of Financial SupportFull-Time Social Work Master’s Students

Student Loans 44.4 % of students University Grants 24.2% Work Study 7.8% State/Local Government Grants 5.8% Federal Child Welfare Grants 4.1% Research/Graduate Assistantships 3.0%

Source: NASW, 1999

Health Service Provider Subfields

Research /Other Subfields

No Debt 22.6 % 50.4%

Debt 77.0% 49.6%

Median $70,000 $35,000

Mean $78,360 $46,743

SD $53,569 $40,009

Debt Related to Graduate EducationReported by Recent Doctorates in Psychology: 2007

Overall: No Debt: 31.5% Debt: 68.2%

Taken from Pate & Finno (2009) http://www.apa.org/workforce/presentations/grad-debt-salaries.pdf on October 31, 2011

Source: APA 2007 Early Career Psychologist Survey. Compiled by APA Center for Workforce Studies, April 2009.

PhD (n = 512)PhD (n = 512) PsyD (n = 230)PsyD (n = 230)

Category Percentage

< 10K 14

10 – 20 K 13

20 – 40 K 21

40 – 60 K 18

60 – 80 K 11

80 – 100 K 10

100 – 120 K 4

> 120 K 9

Category Percentage

< 10K 1

10 – 20 K 4

20 – 40 K 7

40 – 60 K 12

60 – 80 K 12

80 – 100 K 22

100 – 120 K 12

> 120 K 32

Level of Debt by Degree for Recent Doctorates in Psychology: 2007

Taken from Pate & Finno (2009) http://www.apa.org/workforce/presentations/grad-debt-salaries.pdf on October 31, 2011

Source: APA 2007 Early Career Psychologist Survey. Compiled by APA Center for Workforce Studies, April 2009.

AMOUNT OF EDUCATIONAL DEBT

$100,00 or more 1%$80,000–$99,999 3%$60,000–$79,999 7%$40,000–$59,999 18%$20,000–$39,999 31%$10,000–$19,999 21%$5,000–$9,999 12%Less than $5,000 7%

52% incurred between $10,000 and $39,999 in educational debt

Whitaker, T. (2008). In the red: Social workers and educational debt. NASW Membership Workforce Study. Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers.

Debt Related to Graduate Education-Social Work

69% incurred debt to finance their Social Work Education

Section 3

Employment and Earnings

PhD (n = 512)PhD (n = 512) PsyDPsyD

Category Percentage

Employed Full-time

67.5

Employed Part-time

7.1

Postdoctorate 22.8

Unemployed, Seeking

1.2

Unemployed, Not Seeking

1.4

Category Percentage

Employed Full-time

69.6

Employed Part-time

13.2

Postdoctorate 12.5

Unemployed, Seeking

3.0

Unemployed, Not Seeking

1.7

Employment Status for Recent Doctorates in Psychology: 2007

Taken from Pate & Finno (2009) http://www.apa.org/workforce/presentations/grad-debt-salaries.pdf on October 31, 2011

Source: APA 2007 Early Career Psychologist Survey. Compiled by APA Center for Workforce Studies, April 2009.

2009 Preliminary Data

Full-time Salaries of Doctoral-level Psychologists:$50,000 - $180,000varies depending on the employment setting

Full-time Salaries of Master’s-level Psychologists:$42,000 - $80,000varies depending on the employment setting

Both degree options: Applied settings with some I/O focus higher salaries