grade 7 mixtures and solutions review. chapter 4 matter: anything that has mass and takes up space

Grade 7 Mixtures and Grade 7 Mixtures and SolutionsSolutions

ReviewReview

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Matter: Anything that has mass and takes Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up spaceup space

Properties: describe matterProperties: describe matter

Mixture: a substance made up of two or Mixture: a substance made up of two or more other substancesmore other substances

Heterogenous: a substance that looks like Heterogenous: a substance that looks like it is made up of more than one substanceit is made up of more than one substance

Homogenous: a substance that looks like Homogenous: a substance that looks like it is only made up of one susbtanceit is only made up of one susbtance

Mehanical Mixture: a mixture where all of Mehanical Mixture: a mixture where all of the parts that make it up are clearly visiblethe parts that make it up are clearly visible

Pure substance: a substance that is made Pure substance: a substance that is made up of all of the same particles: not mixed in up of all of the same particles: not mixed in any wayany way

Particle Theory of Matter: Describes how Particle Theory of Matter: Describes how the particles of substances will look and the particles of substances will look and behave in certain states of matterbehave in certain states of matter

Chapter 5Chapter 5

Solute: the substance that is being Solute: the substance that is being dissolveddissolved

Solvent: The substance that is doing the Solvent: The substance that is doing the dissolvingdissolving

Dissolving: the attraction of the particles of Dissolving: the attraction of the particles of a solvent and a solutea solvent and a solute

Soluble: can be dissolvedSoluble: can be dissolved

Insoluble: cannot be dissolvedInsoluble: cannot be dissolved

Distillation: a process used to separate the Distillation: a process used to separate the solute and solvent in a solutionsolute and solvent in a solution

Dilute: increasing the amount of solvent Dilute: increasing the amount of solvent but the amount of solute stays the samebut the amount of solute stays the same

Concentrated: increasing the amount of Concentrated: increasing the amount of solute, but the amount of solvent stays the solute, but the amount of solvent stays the samesame

Give an example of one solution that you can create at Give an example of one solution that you can create at home. List the solute and the solvent in this solutionhome. List the solute and the solvent in this solution

At home, I could create a salt water At home, I could create a salt water solution. In this solution, the solute is the solution. In this solution, the solute is the salt (because it is what is being dissolved) salt (because it is what is being dissolved) and the solvent is the water (because it is and the solvent is the water (because it is doing the dissolving)doing the dissolving)

Why is water considered the “universal” solvent? Why is water considered the “universal” solvent? Whay environmental implications can arise Whay environmental implications can arise

because of this?because of this?

Water is considered the universal solvent Water is considered the universal solvent because it can dissolve many materials.because it can dissolve many materials.

This can cause environmental problems This can cause environmental problems because water can dissolve many harmful because water can dissolve many harmful materials, due to pollution. materials, due to pollution.

Explain how distillation works using Explain how distillation works using the particle theory. the particle theory.

Distillation works because different substances Distillation works because different substances have different boiling points.have different boiling points.The particle theory states that when we heat up The particle theory states that when we heat up substances their particles move fastersubstances their particles move fasterAs particles move faster some of them break As particles move faster some of them break free into the air as vapourfree into the air as vapourIf this occurs at different temperatures for If this occurs at different temperatures for different substances, then we can boil one different substances, then we can boil one substance away and have the other left behind.substance away and have the other left behind.This process is called distillation.This process is called distillation.

Chapter 6Chapter 6

Saturated Solution: a solution that will not Saturated Solution: a solution that will not dissolved any more solutedissolved any more solute

Unsaturated Solution: a solution where Unsaturated Solution: a solution where more solute will still dissolvemore solute will still dissolve

Solubility: refers to how much solute will Solubility: refers to how much solute will dissolve in a given amount of solvent.dissolve in a given amount of solvent.

Supersaturated Solution: a solution where Supersaturated Solution: a solution where more solute than normally would dissolve more solute than normally would dissolve has dissolved. This happens because of has dissolved. This happens because of changing things like the temperature of the changing things like the temperature of the solvent.solvent.

Rate of dissolving: how long it takes a Rate of dissolving: how long it takes a solute to dissolve in a solventsolute to dissolve in a solvent

It can be changed!It can be changed!

How could you tell if a solution is How could you tell if a solution is saturated? Supersaturated? saturated? Supersaturated?

Unsaturated?Unsaturated?Saturated: no more solute will dissolve in Saturated: no more solute will dissolve in the solventthe solvent

Unsaturated: more solute will dissolve in Unsaturated: more solute will dissolve in the solventthe solvent

Supersaturated: the temperature had to be Supersaturated: the temperature had to be changed in order for more solute to changed in order for more solute to dissolve than normal.dissolve than normal.

Draw a diagram to show how a Draw a diagram to show how a substance an dissolve in water.substance an dissolve in water.

Name 3 ways that we can change the Name 3 ways that we can change the rate of dissolving. Give an example of rate of dissolving. Give an example of

each.each.Agitation: stirring the solutionAgitation: stirring the solution

Increase the temperature of the solvent: Increase the temperature of the solvent: boil the solvent before mixing in the soluteboil the solvent before mixing in the solute

Size of solute: Smash the solute into small Size of solute: Smash the solute into small pieces or a powder.pieces or a powder.