governments who is in charge? oligarchy autocracy democracy where is the power? unitary government...
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GovernmentsGovernmentsWho is in Charge?Who is in Charge?• Oligarchy
• Autocracy
• Democracy
Where is the Power?Where is the Power?• Unitary Government
• Federal Government
• Confederation Government
Unitary Government PowerUnitary Government Power• In a unitary government, the Central government has
most of the authority and decision-making power
• Local government offices are part of the Central government
• Central Government maintains all power over the Local Governments
• Unitary governments may not be less democratic (when
ordinary citizens get to vote) than other forms- it depends on who is in charge!
Unitary GovernmentUnitary Government
CentralGovernment
Has all the power
Local Government Local
Government
Local Government
Same as Central
Same as Central
Same as Central
The Local Governments are not separate, but are smaller partsof the Central government
Unitary Governments of the WorldUnitary Governments of the World
Examples of Unitary GovernmentsExamples of Unitary Governmentsin the Worldin the World
• Europe:France, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom (Great Britain)
• Central and South America:Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada,
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru
Federal Government PowerFederal Government Power• In a Federal Government- power is split
between a central government authority and the local governments (like the United States)
• an overriding “law of the land,” known as a constitution, allocates (gives out) duties, rights, and privileges to each level of government
• The constitution usually defines how power is shared between national, state, and local governments
Central Government
Federal Government- power of the Central government is separate from State Government
The FederalConstitutionLaws Rule
Both Central and State
State Governments
Federal Governments all over the Federal Governments all over the WHOLE WORLD!WHOLE WORLD!
• Government of Australia • Government of Belgium • Government of Brazil • Government of Canada • Government of Germany • Government of India • Government of Malaysia • Government of Mexico • Government of Russia • Government of Switzerland • Government of the United States
Confederation Government PowerConfederation Government Power• A confederation is a group of empowered states or
communities, usually created by treaty but often later creating a common constitution (rule of laws)
• Confederations usually deal with issues such as defense, foreign affairs, foreign trade, and a common currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all members
• Difference between Federation and Confederation:1. Membership in a Confederation is VOLUNTARY,
while membership in a Federation is NOT2. A Confederation has no real direct powers3. Any changes to the constitution (usually a treaty),
require unanimity (everyone must agree by vote)
Canadian ConfederationCanadian Confederation
Fathers of the Canadian Confederation
In Canada, Confederation means the British North America Act, in 1867 which united four colonies of British North America (Province of Upper Canada, Province of Lower Canada, Province of New Brunswick and Province of Nova Scotia). Even though the word "confederation”, is sometimesused for Canada’s government, Canada is really a federal state.
How citizens participateHow citizens participate• Autocracy- rule of one
• Oligarchy- rule of a few
• Democracy- rule of majority
• Autocracy can be a dictatorship - rule by one person– like Cuba
• Oligarchy is government by a small group –like Myanmar, Fiji – and some say Russia is becoming an oligarchy again
• Democracy is rule by the people or their, freely and informed, elected representatives -- like USA, Mexico
AutocracyAutocracy
Rule of OneAll Government decisions are made by one person
Citizens have little or no real choice about Government Decisions
Autocracies of the WorldAutocracies of the World
An autocratic government is when only the government can make the decisions. So, the people who live in a country with an autocratic government have no say in creating their country’s laws
OligarchyOligarchy• Rule of the few:• Generally the people who are richer and more
powerful than the others, what you might call the aristocrats or the nobles
• Sometimes they may be elected, and sometimes they are born into their position, and at other times you might have to have a certain amount of money or land in order to have any power in government
• Oligarchies are generally bad for the poor, but they are pretty good for rich people from powerful families
Ruled Ruled by a by a fewfew
OligarchyOligarchy
This is a few cooties
Ordinary citizens usually don’t have a vote or a voice in their government
DemocracyDemocracy• Democracy means the rule of the people (in Greek). That
is where each individual person has a vote about what to do. Whatever the most people vote for wins. There is no king or dictator, and anybody can propose a new law
• One problem for a democracy is that it is very inconvenient for people to always be going to vote for laws. People have jobs! So, most democracies usually elect a few people who will do most of the everyday voting, and the rest of the votes only come when there is a really important law to pass. It is hard to decide how to choose these few people to be representatives! This is called Representative Democracy
These are the countries in the world today These are the countries in the world today that “claim” to be a democracy-that “claim” to be a democracy-meaning the meaning the citizens rule themselvescitizens rule themselves
Do you think ALL of these countries are a TRUE Democracy?
Just because a country let’s ordinary people vote, doesn’t mean that the citizens’ votes REALLY COUNT!
This is a “Polity Data Series Map”It tries to measure a country’s true democracy in governmentIt gives scores of -10 to +10. The countries in the lightest pink have the highest democracy score, the darker the color, the lower the democracy score
DemocracyDemocracy
Ruled by Ruled by majoritymajority –or- –or- by the peopleby the people
What is this person doing?
In a true democracy, all citizens gets to vote, and every vote counts!
Types of DemocracyTypes of DemocracyPresidential Democracy• is when the executive (usually
called the president) is separate from the legislature (the part of government that passes laws).
• The president is not accountable to the legislature, and the legislature does not have power over the president. The branches of government are separate from each other
Parliamentary Democracy• is when the executive,
(sometimes called the Prime Minister) is dependent on the support of the legislature (often termed the parliament), by giving a “vote of confidence.”
• The branches of government are not clearly separate from each other
orange - parliamentary republics green - presidential republics, executive presidency linked to a parliament yellow - presidential republics, semi-presidential system blue - presidential republics, presidential democracy full presidential system red - parliamentary constitutional monarchies in which the monarch does not personally exercise power magenta - constitutional monarchies in which the monarch personally exercises power, often (but not always) alongside a weak parliament purple - absolute monarchies brown - republics where the dominant role of a single party is codified in the constitution beige - states where constitutional provisions for government have been suspended grey - countries which do not fit any of the above systems
Wow-this is a
lot
of
governments!
I think this one is my favorite!
Parliamentary Democracy
US PresidentJohn Kennedy
Presidential Democracy
Prime Minister Great Britain- Gordon Brown
Executive must have a Vote of ConfidenceFrom Parliament
US Congress
SeparatePowers
Great Britain Parliament
Parliamentary Democracies around Parliamentary Democracies around the Worldthe World
Places in green have a head of state and head of government, like a presidential democracy, but the office is filled by parliament's choice and not elected
separately.
Presidential Democracies of the Presidential Democracies of the WorldWorld
The Presidential democracies are BLUE
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