good practices in basic education in latin america
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Good Practices in
Basic Education in
Latin America
Alberto PfeiferThe Business Council of Latin America
International Coordinator
“Social Outcomes of Learning”OECD Conference
Istanbul, TurkeyJune 28, 2007
Latin AmericaLatin America
• 600 million people• 20 countries (CEAL + Cuba + Haiti)• 21 million km2 (2x Europe)• GDP: 2.26 Trillion (exchange rate)
$4.5 Trillion (purchasing power parity)
• High income and social inequalityHigh income and social inequalityNicaragua 43.1- Bolivia 60.1; Turkey 38; USA 40.8; HDI: #1 Norway 25.8
#176 Sierra Leone 62.9; Brazil 58, Colombia 58.6, Mexico 49.6
CountryGNI[8] GNI per capita[9] GNI (PPP) per capita[9] GDP (PPP)[13] Income equality[12] HDI
million USD USD USD million USD Gini index
Argentina 173,020 4,470 13,920 621,070 52.8 0.863
Bolivia 9,271 1,010 2,740 27,957 60.1 0.692
Brazil 644,133 3,460 8,230 1,701,183 58 0.792
Chile 145,205 8,864 12,983 212,671 57.1 0.859
Colombia 104,520 2,290 7,420 378,435 58.6 0.790
Costa Rica 19,867 4,590 9,680 51,089 49.9 0.841
Cuba[14] n.a. n.a. n.a. 44,540 n.a. 0.826
Dominican Republic 21,080 2,370 7,150 76,573 51.7 0.751
Ecuador 34,759 2,630 4,070 64,671 43.7 0.765
El Salvador 16,832 2,450 5,120 38,617 52.4 0.729
Guatemala 30,259 2,400 4,410 60,766 55.1 0.673
Haiti 3,876 450 1,840 15,554 59.2 0.482
Honduras 8,586 1,190 2,900 23,183 53.8 0.683
Mexico 753,394 7,310 10,030 1,171,506 49.5 0.821
Nicaragua 4,968 910 3,650 22,723 43.1 0.698
Panama 14,951 4,630 7,310 27,551 56.4 0.809
Paraguay 7,854 1,180 4,970 31,213 57.8 0.757
Peru 73,045 2,610 5,830 185,591 54.6 0.767
Uruguay 15,096 4,360 9,810 37,267 44.9 0.851
Venezuela 127,799 4,810 6,440 193,196 44.1 0.784
Gross National Income/Gross National Product (GNI/GNP), per capita income in nominal terms and adjusted to purchasing power p60arity (PPP), Gross Domestic Product in PPP, a measurement of inequality through the Gini index (the higher the index the more unequal the income distribution is), and the Human Development Index (HDI). GNI statistics: World Bank, 2005. GDP statistics come from the International Monetary Fund, 2006. Gini index and HDI: UN Development Program.
• What is progress?
• Wealth or quality of life?
• How do we measure happiness?
OECD Istanbul 2007
Basic Education in Latin AmericaBasic Education in Latin America
• Mediocre world standards (PISA)
Basic Education in Latin AmericaBasic Education in Latin America• Quantity without Quality: universal coverage
• Generational lag: parents poorly educated
• Public budget is ok & rising: but expenditure is not efficient and inequitable
• Structural and systemic barriers: bureaucracy, unions, lack of transparency
• Teacher capability: formation & training
• School management & leadership: training of directors and administrators; community participation
PREAL, 2005. Report Card on Basic Education in Latin America.
Public education should be more public
• Structural public good: poor education causes the worst kind of externality
• it’s cheaper to invest than not to!
• Once in a lifetime investment• One-generation change – perennial
residual effectCitizens (democracy), Consumers (market), Workers (producers), Beings (environment)
Buenas Prácticas
Basic Education is so much important to be left solely in the
hands of governments
Good practices call for coalitions (PPP) to overcome barriers raised by
bureaucratic inertia, by vested interests in educational systems and
by the lack of communitarian participation
What can business do?
• At national and regional scale
• Beyond philanthropy
• No substitute for the State!
• Political and Social pressure – set targets (national)
• Best Practices – what has worked well and can be replicated (regional)
Buenas Prácticas
CEAL + ILCE (Latin American Institute for Educational Communication)
Public-Private PartnershipsReplicability
+200 cases: >=10/country28 researchers from 10+ countries
50+ people actively engaged
18 countries x 3 = 54 “bp”
Good Practices in Basic Education in Latin America
Methodological Note
• Solid and diverse bank of case studies• Best practices: replicable (context adapted)• Context, Input, Process, Product (Stufflebeam and
Shinkfield, 1987)
=> Basic education in schools=> Observable effects or consequences=> Systematic and replicable
Good Practices in Basic Education in Latin America
Buenas Prácticas
1. Quality in Basic Education
2. Promotion of Equity and Social Justice by
schooling
3. Improving management of schools
4. National evaluation systems
5. Efficacy with scarce resources
6. Formation and actualization of teachers
7. Innovation with ICTs in learning
8. Social inclusion with non-formal education
Kinds of PPP in Basic EducationKinds of PPP in Basic Education
Buenas Prácticas
Closed within themselves
Avoid creative dialogue with the “outer world”
Predominantly endogamic
Refractory to evaluation systems, particularly external evaluation
Educational systems in Latin America are…
Public education should be more public
• Transparency, Standards, Targets
• Good management
• Stable leadership
• Dialogue and Joint Action with Civil Society
• Free from Unions’ influence, vested interests, political and electoral moods
Buenas Prácticas
Public Basic Education should be more public and less governmental.
Educational policies can’t be a monopoly of the Ministry of Education and of teacher’s unions.
Social participation and societal pressure is increasing.
Best practices in basic education usually bring together governments (local, national) and other social actors (businesses, IOs, ONGs, local communities) working at the same level.
• Alliances between society and governments for Basic Education became a historical urgency for Latin America
Public education should be more public
OECD Istanbul 2007
• What is progress? • A well educated person can achieve social and
economic progress by herself
• Wealth or quality of life?• Wealthier people and higher standards of life are
positively correlated with more and better education
• Happiness???• Poor kids in good schools do better in life
Shantytown in Cartagena, Colombia
Business Initiatives
• CEAL: http://ceal.ilce.edu.mx/• ILCE: http://www.ilce.edu.mx/• PREAL: www.preal.org• Colombia: www.fundacionexe.org.co• Brazil: www.todospelaeducacao.org.br • www.fundacaolemann.org.br/conferencia/default_ing.asp• Mexico: ExEb – Empresarios por la Educación Básica
(Businessmen for Basic Education)
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