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Global Strategy for Energy Efficiency Market Formation to Mitigate Climate
Change
Energy Efficiency Issues in Africa
Presented by Mr Thierno Bocar TALL, Vice President Africa, GEE21
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Geneva, October 18, 2010
Contents
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1. The Energy Context in Africa
2. Regional Energy Efficiency Programs
3. Barriers to Energy Efficiency Promotion
4. Overcoming Structural Challenges
5. Action Plan for Energy Efficiency Promotion
6. Conclusion
3
1 ‐ The Energy Context in Africa
The African Energy Paradox
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Despite producing 7% of the world‘s commercial energy and being home to 13% of the globe’s people Africa only consumes 3% the world‘s commercial energy
Traditional energy sources such biomass represent 90% of total energy consumption
Lowest electrification rate in the Word at 40%
Source : IEA
Sustained Energy Deficiency
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In 2030 an estimated 1.4bn people will not have access to electricity
600m of these will be in Africa
Source : IEA
Energy Efficiency Situation in Africa
Africa is a very large continent with varied energy needs and with an energy efficiency market estimated to surpass $10bn/year overthe next decade
The situation varies from country to country according to their level of industrialization (ie South Africa vs Togo)
Inefficient equipment use in industry, transportation and household sectors is the norm in most countries
Much of this equipment is obsolete technology, which caries higher health and safety risk as well as higher pollution rates
The greenhouse gas emission reduction potential for climate change mitigation is therefore tremendous
Energy efficiency could help reduce the negative environmental impact of human activities and yield the same results as renewable energy
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Africa has untapped potential
An effective energy efficiency policy will help bridge Africa’s energy deficit and reverse current inefficiencies
Africa’s energy efficiency potential is significant and remains largely untapped
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2 – Regional Energy Efficiency Programs
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AMU Energy Efficiency Snapshot
The potential for energy efficiency measures in AMU region is estimated to be more than $1.5bn annually (Hakim Zahar)
This represents 3 – 5% of the total energy consumption costs in Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria
Policies and programs for promoting energy efficiency have already been set up and implemented in some countries, particularly Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt and Algeria
Existence of National energy efficiency agencies that are coordinate energy policy and program development
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Country Agency
Tunisia Agence Nationale pour la Maitrise de l’Energie (ANME)
Morocco Agence de Développement des énergies renouvelables et de l’efficacité énergétique (ADEREE) (previously CDER)
Algeria Agence Nationale pour la Promotion et la Rationalisation de l’Utilisation de l’Energie (APRUE)
Egypt Office of Energy Efficiency (OEE)
AMU Energy Efficiency policies
Institutions and programsNational, regional and local energy efficiency agencies as Ministry departments
National programs for promoting energy efficiency with quantitative targets
Regulatory measures exist in the three countriesEnergy Conservation Laws (Tunisia and Algeria)
Minimum Energy Efficiency Performance Standards (MEPS) (Tunisia; Algeria)
Financial and fiscal measuresMinimum Energy Efficiency Performance Standards (MEPS) and labels (Tunisia; Algeria)
Energy Services Companies (ESCOs)Development of energy efficiency commercial market through ESCOs
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ECOWAS Energy Efficiency Snapshot
West Africa Region is composed of 15 countries and 250 million people with a poor access to modern energy
Some countries have established since the 1980’s a legal and regulatory framework for promoting Energy Efficiency
This is the case of Cote d’Ivoire, Senegal and Ghana and recently, Benin
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ECOWAS Energy Efficiency policies
Country Policies
Ivory Coast
• Energy efficiency policy introduced between 1980‐1990 through a French cooperation initiative• Draft building code to promote energy efficiency. The institutional building sector was the first to benefit from this initiative under the coordination of the Bureau des Economies d’Energie (BEE)
• UNDP/GEF project allows the Government to carry out detailed energy audits of the major public and private buildings in the country.
• Technical knowledge allowed the introduction of the ESCO concept • Supported by the World Bank the IEPF launched in 2000 a market transformation project for energy efficiency promotion in the commercial and industrial sectors. The project supported the creation of four ESCOs
Senegal • Energy efficiency consciousness was introduced in 1980 during the French REXCOOP programme• Fifty Energy Audits in commercial and institutional buildings were carried out from 1996 to 1998• The hotel sector is implemented some projects with the participation of local ESCO • A number of ESCO are operating in Senegal contributing to the development of the market
Ghana • Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards (MEPS) and labels for:• Electrical appliances: refrigerators, Air Conditioners, Lamps• Efficient Lighting Project (CDM project)
Benin • Energy Efficiency Promotion Strategy Paper developed on behalf the Ministry of Mines and Energy
• Energy efficiency building code (under development)• Demonstration projects are related to:
• Energy efficiency project in public building• Efficient Lighting Project for the Domestic Sector
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EAC Energy Efficiency Snapshot
The East African Community (EAC) is a regional intergovernmental organization composed of the Republics of Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi with its headquarters in Arusha, Tanzania
The EAC member countries are facing raising energy demand with a limited supply capacity
Within the framework of the Climate Change Convention the EAC member countries undertook various projects to develop energy efficiency market
All the countries have already implemented policy and demonstration projects with regards to energy efficiency promotion
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EAC Energy Efficiency policies
Institutions and programs
EAC Permanent Secretariat of the MEMD and Department of Energy Efficiency
National program for promoting energy efficiency with quantitative targets
The MEMD is implementing the Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) program with assistance from GTZ
The program aims at developing and enforcing energy efficiency standards for five appliances; lighting appliances, electric motors, air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, refrigerator/freezers
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EAC Energy Efficiency policies
Country Policy
Kenya During the 80s, the government, through the Kenyan Ministry of Energy, made an attempt to introduce energy efficiency services. The government officers gave free energy audit services to industry, but there was little implementation. Neither was there any private sector involvement in the services In 2001, the GEF/UNDP supported energy efficiency project revived energy efficiency services in Kenya in a more robust manner In 2005, the GEF‐KAM Energy Efficiency Project resolved to establish an ESCO in Kenya by the end of the project in 2006. This was done using the trained manpower within the project and by providing training and institutional support through the Kenya Association of Manufacturers The last years have seen a number of new players enter the market in energy efficient equipment supply – particularly lighting solutions and power regulators
Uganda Uganda is one of the country with a strong political commitment for promoting energy efficiency Under the leadership on the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD), an energy policy paper, including a section related to Energy Conservation and Efficiency, has been adopted by the Government
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SADC Energy Efficiency Snapshot
Surplus capacity has run out, load shedding has become a reality in most of the countries, and this is now the right time to invest in energy efficiency in SADC region
Most of the countries have therefore embarked upon immediate, short, medium and long term programs to address the situation as the demand is still growing fast and expected to nearly double by 2015, mainly due to growth in the mining sector in countries such Namibia or Botswana
Energy efficiency is a critical issue in Southern Africa
The region faces energy shortages; high demand growth & step loads; Rural Electrification needs, Shortage of human and financial resources; and Cost Reflectivity
RSA sold surplus capacity at competitive prices to the rest of the countries in the region
The low and non‐cost reflective tariffs served as a disincentive for any investment in power generation in some countries
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SADEC Energy Efficiency policies
InstitutionsNational Energy Efficiency Agency (NEEA) established in 2006 to promote energy efficiency throughout the South African economy
NEEA support projects for the public sector and targeted industrial end‐users (in the residential sector as well as public and commercial buildings)
NEEA is also responsible for the accreditation and development of the critical ESCO industry
Energy Conservation Measures
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Dissemination of compact fluorescent lightsIncreasing the dissemination of solar water heaters in the residential sectorDissemination of solar water heaters in commercial / industrial buildingsVoluntary Energy AuditsNew tariff structure
Promoting commercial energy efficient lightingIntroducing ripple control technologies, especially in smaller Local AuthoritiesEnhancing commercial / industrial air conditioner efficienciesFinancial arrangements to promote demand side management activities
SADEC Energy Efficiency policies
Country Policy
South Africa South Africa’s national electric utility (ESKOM), formally recognized demand side management (DSM) in 1992 when integrated electricity planning (IEP) was first introduced Recognizing that South Africa might run out of capacity by 2006, the first DSM plan was produced in 1994. In this plan, the role of DSM was established and a wide range of DSM opportunities and alternatives available to Eskom were identified From small beginnings in the early 90s, Eskom’s DSM programme has grown into a concerted national electricity‐saving effort officially initiated in 2002
Namibia Namibia is expected to experience both electricity supply bottlenecks and a substantial increase of electricity prices in the near future Under this scenario, demand side management project has been carried out by the Government to offer excellent opportunities to the power utility (NamPower) to more effectively match the supply and demand of electricity and deal with short‐ and long‐term network constraints, while limiting consumer exposure to increasing regional electricity prices DSM in the electricity sector is aimed at reducing the consumer’s demand for electricity and/or the timing of such usage. It is principally achieved through energy conservation and energy efficiency measures and technologies, as well as load shifting and load shedding
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SADC Energy Deficit Forecast
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40000
45000
50000
55000
60000
65000
70000
75000
80000
8500020
07
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Year
MW
Capacity Planned Capacity Required Peak Demand after DSM
Energy Efficiency Initiatives in the SAPP
The SAPP was created in August 1995 through the signing of the Inter‐Governmental MOU to coordinate the regional energy policy and programmes
The aim was to optimise the use of available energy resources in the region and support one another during emergencies.
Faced with the above power supply challenges, the SAPP came up with the concept of a DSM which involves roll out energy efficient technologies that will reduce demand increase.Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Commercial Lighting
Solar Hot Heater
Hot water Load Control20
4 – Barriers to Energy Efficiency Promotion
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Barriers to Energy Efficiency Promotion
Lack of financing for energy efficiency investments
Energy efficiency investments are a new type of activity, as the return on investment is based upon operating cost savings
Inadequate information available in the industrial sector
Industrial end‐users are more concerned with enhancing operations through improved production and productivity rather than with reducing operational costs, including through energy efficiency measures.
Lack of expertise and intermediaries who could develop projects
The existing ESCOs are derived from consulting firms and have limited knowledge of the measurement and verification protocols 22
Barriers to Energy Efficiency Promotion
Lack of policies
Lack of public awareness
Lack of trained personnel in the relevant governmental agencies
Attitudes change of policy makers
Habits of end users of energy
Lack of energy efficiency agencies
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5 – Overcoming Structural Challenges
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Strategy
Develop policies on energy efficiency and integrate them into current energy policies
Promote energy efficiency products and practices at the side of end users and energy generation
Create awareness on renewable energy and energy efficiency
Establish agency to promote the use of energy efficiency products and ensure energy efficiency practices
Develop and imbibe energy efficiency technologies
Develop appropriate drivers for the implementation of energy efficiency policy
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Opportunities to overcome the key barriers
Presentation of some pilot projects by region in line with national Climate Change mitigation strategies
Regional projects in ECOWAS region:1. Management of energy consumption in public building2. Energy efficiency for large cities3. Development of ESCO market in the commercial and industrial sectors
Regional projects in EAC region:1. Development of energy efficiency in the manufacturing sector2. Diffusion of CFLs in the domestic and commercial sectors
Regional projects in SADC region:1. Demand Side Management project in SADC member countries2. Energy management in the Small and medium size enterprise
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5 – Action Plan for Energy Efficiency promotion
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Action Plan for Energy Efficiency promotion
Period: 2011‐2012
Phase 1 ‐ 2011: Pan‐African comparative study on energy efficiency for the elaboration of an action plan for training, communication, policy formation and project identification to be implemented from 2012.
Targets: Regional economic commissions; Development Agencies;Government ministries & national energy efficiency agencies
Q1 : Comparative study
April : Presentation to GEE21 meeting
Q2 & 3 : Identification of action to be taken
Q4 : Presentation to GEE21 meeting
2012 : Implementation of some actions
2012 – 2013: Monitoring and evaluation of projects and programmes implemented
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For the formation of a regional and continental energy efficiency market the activities to be undertaken during 2011 are as follows:
to review the existing framework
identify actions to be undertaken both in the field of training,communication and the definition of a regulatory framework
identification of projects to be implemented in 2012
build an environment that will enable sustainable implementation of the strategy
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Renewable Energy + Energy Efficiency = Sustainable
Development
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