gis based impact calculation tool calculating and representing … · 2018. 3. 21. · impact...
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Calculating and Representing the
Environmental and Social Impacts of the
TANAP Pipeline Project
GIS based impact calculation tool
Massimo Dragan
mdragan@golder.com
© 2017 Golder Associates. All rights reserved.
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Southern Europe Gas Corridor in Numbers
TANAP is the Turkish leg
1850 km pipeline
19 km under the Sea of Marmara
7 compressor stations,
4 measuring stations,
11 pigging stations,
49 block valve stations and
2 off-take stations
May 5, 2017 2
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ESHIA for Linear Infrastructures
The challenges
Vast geographical extent of the project area
Different projects components with different impacts
Seasonal variation of activities
Crossing areas with varying degrees of sensitivity
The amount of data to process is very relevant
The representation of results is complex
May 5, 2017 3
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Why a spatially explicit model
Integrate the impact assessment workflow with engineering design in a
shared GIS environment
Leverage the availability of national geodata repositories for assessment
endpoints
Consider cumulative effects of concurrent spatially overlapping impact
factors
Account for the spatial overlay of impact factors with the geometries of
sensitive elements
May 5, 2017 4
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Environmental
and Social
Components
PIPELINE PROJECT
Conceptual model
May 5, 2017 5
Impacts
Impact
factors
Project
actions
Project
components
Sensitivity
Mitigation
measures
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Project components
Pipeline onshore
Pipeline offshore
Road crossing open cut
Road crossing trenchless
Railroad crossing
Channel crossing open cut
Channel crossing trenchless
River crossing open cut
River crossing trenchless
Pipeline in HGWC
Compressor stations
Camp sites
Block valve/pigging/ metering station
Pipe stock yards
Pipeline landing
Temporary access roads
Permanent access roads
May 5, 2017 6
The project components are all
represented as a GIS vector layers
and modelled as potential sources of
impact during the project phases of
Construction
Operation
Decommissioning
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Project components spatial representation
May 5, 2017 7
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Project components spatial representation
May 5, 2017 8
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Project Actions
Each project component is characterized by a series of activities
needed for its construction, functioning/operation or decommissioning
which are likely to have an effect
May 5, 2017 9
Land acquisition
Vegetation clearing
Topsoil/soil removal/excavation
Sediment excavation
Rock blasting
Topsoil/soil storage
Pipe laying
Pipe padding
Topsoil/soil reinstatement
Pipe concrete coating
Biorestoration works
Water diversion
Dewatering
Wastewater discharge
Pipe/material transportation
Pipe/material storage
Building/infrastructure construction
Building/infrastructure demolition
Waste management
Machinery use
Energy production
Energy use
Water use
Presence/accommodation of workforce
Purchase of goods, materials and services
Payment of taxes
Pipeline system operation
Pipeline system malfunctioning management
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Impact Factors
May 5, 2017 10
Impact Factors are associated through Project Actions to each Project
Component in the three Project Phases: Construction, Operation, and
Decommissioning
Impact factors are physical, chemical, biological and social stressors that
the project is introducing as a consequence of various project actions
For each factor and phase, every project component may generate a
specific level of impact intensity or severity
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The quantification of the severity of each impact factor is based on an
expert opinion, according to the following numerical system
Impact factors assessment parameters
May 5, 2017 11
Magnitude Reversibility Geographic extent Duration FrequencyProbability of
occurrence
Low
5
Short term
reversible
1
Local
0
Short
0
Rare
0
Unlikely
0
Medium
10
Long term
reversible
3
Regional
1
Medium
1
Intermittent
1
Likely
1
High
15
Irreversible
5
Beyond regional
2
Long
2
Continuous
2
Certain
2
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Impact factor severity example
May 5, 2017 12
Calculation example for the “Emission of dust and particulate” during
construction phase
IF01 Emission of dust and particulate Phase: CONSTRUCTION
Project component
Dire
ctio
n
Ma
gn
itu
de
Reve
rsib
ility
Ge
ogra
ph
ic
exte
nt
Du
ratio
n
Fre
qu
en
cy
Pro
ba
bili
ty o
f
occu
rre
nce
Imp
act
inte
nsity
Pipeline onshore Negative 15 1 0 1 1 2 20
Pipeline offshore Negative 5 1 0 0 2 2 10
Road crossing open cut Negative 10 1 0 0 1 2 14
Road crossing trenchless Negative 5 1 0 0 1 2 9
……. … … … … … … … …
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Spatial Model of Impact Factors
Every impact factor has a spatial extension that can vary in width from
phase to phase.
This spatial extension ranges from just the project footprint (i.e. the
combination of the different PC footprints) to a larger buffer
The severity of the IF is considered constant – not varying in
intensity - within the buffer region.
For instance, during the construction phase, noise can impact a region
of 500 meters surrounding the pipeline footprint.
May 5, 2017 13
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Impact Factors spatial extent: example
Spatial extent per impact factor in each project phase
May 5, 2017 14
Impact Factor Construction Operation Decommissioning
IF01 200 5000 200
IF02 500 5000 500
IF03 footprint footprint footprint
….. ….. ….. …..
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Impact factor cumulative effect
Where the impact extent is not limited to
the project footprint, each project
component is buffered according to the
impact factor spatial extent
The specific severity value is assigned
to the resulting polygon.
Where the project component footprints
or buffers overlap, the impact factor
intensity cumulates to account for a
concurrent, simultaneous and
consequently higher potential impact
May 5, 2017 15
Gaseous emissions during the
construction phase
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VECs and Sensitivity
The Valued Environmental and Social Components (VECs) are
characterized by a sensitivity or propensity to change, which is function
of one or more intrinsic features of the components, like
the presence of elements of particular value or vulnerability
function of existing high levels of degradation
The sensitivity of the VECs is evaluated on the basis of the
presence/absence of some features called sensitivity elements which
define both the current degree of quality and the component’s
susceptibility to environmental changes (IFC PS).
The sensitivity level of each element is assigned according to the scale
low, medium, high.
May 5, 2017 16
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Sensitivity Elements Spatial Extent
In the GIS impact assessment tool, the sensitivity layer is a geographic
feature composed by the geometries of one or more receptor types with
a sensitivity value for every assessment endpoint.
Receptor geometries can be polygons (e.g. settlements,
archaeological sites, protected areas, habitats), lines (e.g. roads), or
points (e.g. watercourse crossings, groundwater resources) according to
the resolution of the available geographic data.
The sensitivity level is assigned according to a simple reclassification
or spatial rule and it is based on the subject matter expert evaluation.
The sensitivity value is constant for the three phases and is not impact
factor specific.
May 5, 2017 17
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Sensitivity level
Sensitivity level calculation: Soil assessment endpoints example
May 5, 2017 18
VALUED ENVIRO
NMENTAL
COMPONENT
(VEC)
ASSESSMENT
ENDPOINT
(AE)
SENSITIVITY
ELEMENT
SENSITIVITY LEVEL
Soil
1-LOW 2-MEDIUM 3-HIGH
Reduction/degrada
tion of soil with
high agricultural
potential
Soil agricultural
potential
soil capability
(AKK VIII)
soil capability
classes (AKK
V÷VII)
soil capability
classes (AKK I÷IV)
Degradation of soil
with high erosion
potential
Soil erosion
potential
None or very little
(ERZ 1)
Medium (ERZ 2) Severe and very
severe (ERZ 3,4)
Contamination of
soils
Soil pollution
potential
Corine Land
cover Industrial
areas
(121)
Corine Land cover
Urban areas
(111, 112)
Corine Land cover
Agricultural areas
(211, 212,213,
221, 222, 223,
231, 241,242, 243,
244)
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Impact calculation and representation
The impact layers are derived as a spatial
overlay of impact factors and sensitivity
layers
The impact level is calculated for each of the
individual receptors identified and represented as
a point, a line or an area
e.g a settlement, a river, or an ecosystem
patch
There are different methods of assigning impact
factor intensity to a receptor according to its
spatial dimension
The total impact is given by the sum of all
impact factors intensity values overlaying a
receptor and multiplied by its intrinsic sensitivity.
May 5, 2017 19
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Effects on Traffic and Mobility
May 5, 2017 20
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Reduction of Soil with Agricultural Potential
May 5, 2017 21
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Presence of Suitable Habitat for Fauna
May 5, 2017 22
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Conclusions and lessons learnt
A complex project benefits from the use of model automation for a
variety of reasons
The project changes
Early identification of areas of concern (hotpsots), may inform design
improvements and mitigations
Impacts are automatically calculated through algorithms in the GIS
system and the GIS methodology is able to geographically identify
potential areas of concern or “hotspots”
This approach aims to focus the mitigation strategy in the more critical
areas, optimizing the use of the project resources dedicated to
environmental and social management.
May 5, 2017 23
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Conclusions and lessons learnt
Automation is key to:
Tackle the complexity and massive volume of data
«Survive» last minute changes
Reduce computational risks
A spatially explicit ESHIA allows to
Geographically identify potential areas of concern or “hotspots”
Inform design improvements
Focus the mitigation strategy in the more critical areas
Optimize the use of the project resources
May 5, 2017 24
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