ghgs mitigation potenatial of ca practices for climate smart agriculture
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Welcome CLIFF Annual Workshop 2015
Montpellier, France
Ph.D. Research Work
Effect of tillage, culti ars, itroge a d residue management on crop performance and carbon
sequestration in rice- heat croppi g syste
Pardeep Sagwal
Ph.D. Scholar
Department of Agronomy
CCS Haryana Agricultural University
INDIA-125004
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Location: CIMMYT-CCAFS Participatory Strategic Research Platform for
Climate Smart Agriculture, Taraori(Karnal)
Main plot treatments: 1. Puddled Transplanted Rice - Conventional Till Wheat
2. Direct Seeded Rice – Zero Tilled Wheat without residues
3. Direct seeded Rice – Zero Tilled Wheat with full residue
Sub plot treatments: Rice:
1. Pusa 1121 (Basmati) with recommended dose of nitrogen
2. Arize 6129 (Hybrid) with recommended dose of nitrogen
3. Pusa 1121 (Basmati) with 80 % of recommended dose of nitrogen as basal + Green
Seeker guided N application
4. Arize 6129 (Hybrid) with 80 % of recommended dose of nitrogen as basal + Green Seeker
guided N application
Wheat:
1. Recommended dose of nitrogen
2. Recommended dose of nitrogen + Relay Moongbean
3. 80 % of recommended dose of nitrogen as basal + Green Seeker guided N application
4. 80 % of recommended dose of nitrogen as basal + Green Seeker guided N application +
Relay Moongbean
TREATMENTS
Objectives of Research Program
• To study the effect of tillage and crop establishment techniques, nitrogen and residue management on growth and yield of rice and wheat.
• To quantify the soil carbon sequestration under different management practices in rice-wheat sequence.
• To compute economics of different treatments.
Conservation Agriculture
Three Principles
• No/Minimum Tillage
• Soil Cover with residue
• Crop Rotation
Three Benefits
Enhanced Productivity
Richer Resources
Climate Adaptation
What is Carbon Sequestration
• Carbon sequestration is persistent increase in C
storage(in soil, plant biomass and sea) (Hutchinson et al., 2007)
• Carbon sequestration in the agriculture sector refers
to the capacity of agriculture lands and forests to
remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. (Lal, 2008)
• It implies the removal of atmospheric CO2 by plants
and storage of fixed C as soil organic matter. (Rao and Saha, 2014)
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Why Ca bon Se uest ation …?
• For reducing carbon footprints
• SOC stock
• Improved Soil health
• Increased NUE
• Buffers the Soil pH
• Soils rich in OM has ability to absorb potential pollutants
• Organic constituents in humans may act as plant growth stimulants
• Reduced soil erosion problem
Source: Anderson, 2012
Crops and Soils 7
Table 1. Depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration of
cultivated and undisturbed soils in different regions of India
Region
SOC content(g kg-1) Per cent
reduction Cultivated
soil
Native
soil
1 Indo-Gangetic Plains 4.2 + 0.9 104 + 3.6 59.6
2 Northwestern Himalaya 24.3 + 10.4 34.5 + 11.6 29.6
3 Northeast India 23.2 + 10.4 38.3 + 23.3 39.4
4 East India 28.2 + 2.1 33.1 + 3.4 17.4
5 Southwest India 29.6 + 30.1 43.7 +23.4 32.3
6 West coast 13.2 + 8.1 18.6 + 2.1 29.1
7 Deccan Plateau 13.2 + 8.1 17.9 + 7.6 57.0
Source: Mandal, 2011
Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 8
Treatments SOC (g kg-1)
0-15 cm 15-30 cm
T1 TPR/CWS 7.79e +0.02 8.62c +0.04
T2 TPR + WRI/CWS + RRI 8.67 de +0.02 8.50c +0.02
T3 DSR + RT/WRT 9.05cd +0.01 9.31ab +0.02
T4 DSR + RT + WRI/WRT +RRI 9.89bc +0.01 9.50ab +0.01
T5 DSR + ZT/WZT 11.38a +0.06 8.36c +0.02
T6 DSR + ZT + WRR/WZT + RRR 11.73a +0.02 7.67d +0.08
T7 DSR + ZT + BM/WZT 10.73ab +0.10 9.94a +0.01
T8 TPR + GM/WZT 8.79de +0.09 9.27b +0.01
Choudhury et al., 2014
Soil & Tillage Research
TPR: Conventional rice transplanting CSW: Conventional wheat sowing
WRI: Wheat residue incorporation RRI: Rice residue incorporation
DSR: Direct seeded rice RT: Reduced tillage
WRT: Wheat in reduced tillage ZT: Zero tillage
WZT: Wheat in zero tillage GM: Green manuring
WRR: Wheat residue retention BM: Brown manuring
RRR: Rice residue retention
Table 2 Effect of tillage and residue management practices on distribution soil organic
carbon in soil.
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Source: Pathak and Aggarwal (2012)
• Soil management practices such as tillage trigger
carbon dioxide emission through biological
decomposition of soil organic matter.
• Tillage breaks the soil aggregates, increases
oxygen supply and exposes surface area of
organic material promoting the decomposition
of organic matter.
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Tillage and SOC interaction
Table 3. Comparative performance of direct seeded rice(DSR)
and conventional puddled transplanted rice(PTR)
Parameters PTR DSR
Human Labour (Man days) 55-60 35-40
Tractor(Hours) 10-12 5-6
Crop Duration (days) 140-150 130-140
Diesel consumption (liters/ha) 35-45 12.5-15
No. of irrigation 20-25 14-17
Global Warming potential(Mg Co2 eq.) 2.0-4.5 1.3-3.0
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Pathak et al., 2011 at Jalandhar
Current Advances in Agricultural Sciences
Treatment) CO2
(t/ha)
N2O
(kg/ha)
CH4
(kg/ha)
CO2 eq.
(t/ha)
PuTPR 10.95 1.06 38.95 12.17
ZT DSR-R 9.39 1.28 9.60 9.87
ZT DSR+R 9.20 1.74 10.08 9.97
Table 4 Total cumulative emission of CO2, N2O and CH4 as affected by different tillage
and nitrogen management in rice
Source: Annual Progress Report, 2012
CIMMYT Bayer GHG
PuTPR: Puddled transplanted rice
ZT DSR-R: Zero tillage direct seeded rice without residue
ZT DSR+R: Zero tillage direct seeded rice with residue
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Fig.1 GHG emission (CO2 equivalent) tons per ton of rice production under
different tillage, crop establishment and residue management scenarios
Source: Annual Progress Report , 2012
CIMMYT Bayer GHG 13
Fig. 2 Estimated total GHG emission per Mg wheat as affected by different nutrient
management strategies under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT)
Source: Sapkota et al., 2014
Soil & Tillage Research 14
GHG sampling procedure
• Pre evacuated and airtight 30 ml glass vials are used for GHG collection and storage.
• Glass vials are evacuated using a vacuum pump at suction of 20 lbs inch.
• A 50 ml disposable syringe with three-way Leur lock is used for collection of GHG samples from the headspace of each bucket through the sampling port.
• From this syringe, 30 ml of the gas is injected into the pre-evacuated vials.
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GHG sampling frequency
• Before and after Sowing/tillage operations.
• After application of fertilizer (basal/broadcast)
for five consecutive days.
• For the rest of the crop growth period samples
are taken at one week interval.
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Analysis
• Gas samples are analysed on Gas Chromatograph(GC)
• At each sampling date, GHG samples are collected at 0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes interval from each gas chamber and are stored in evacuated glass vials, well labelled with date of collection, plot number and time of collection.
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20 Thank You
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