gergo szakmany automotive sensors
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Gergo Szakmany
EE87022
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Oilsensor
Oxygen
sensor
Fuel level
ccelerometer
Seat belt tension
Passenger Occupancy
Wheel speed
Tire pressure monitor
Anti thief sensors
Radar sensor
Rain sensor
Parking sensor
Indoor/outdoortemperaturesensors
GPS
Watercoolanttemper
ature
Tachometer
SpeedometerOdometer
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Oxygen sensor
Oil sensors
Fuel gauge Dip - stick
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Miniature voltage generatorCompare the exhaust O2 level and
outside air O2 level
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=
.
2
2ln
4exh
air
s
pO
pO
F
RTV
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High voltage: fuel mixture rich, little unburned oxigen
Low voltage: fuel mixture lean, excess oxygen
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On-board oil sensorsand oil analyzersinstalled Oil pressure:
Hydrostatic force per
unit area Age of the oil in theengine: dielectricconstant of the oil.Parallel platecapacitor separatedby oil. An oildielectric testercorrelates to theacidity of the oil andindicates the level ofoil degradation
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Inaccurate due to its mechanism, shape offuel tank
Gauge: resistance , current , bimetallic cools, straighten out, pull needle form fullto empty.
Newer car: resistor output into amicroprocessor compensate shape of tank
Damping needle movment up hill , down hill, turnFloat
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Speed
Wheel speed
Engine ignition
timingTahometer
Odometer
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Transmission and driveshaftrotate mandrel too permanent magnet rotate rotating magnetic field forceact on speed cup electricalcurretn flows (Eddy current) drag torque needle rotate
same direction as magnetic field
Transmission output rotatewith a toothed metal disk atthe end
Stationary detector covers amagnetic coil
Teeth move past the coilinterrupt the magnetic field
series of pulses sent tocomputer
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Percent error = 100x("standarddiameter"/"new diameter" - 1
For example, a standard tire is
"185/70R14" with diameter = 185x70/1270+ 14 = 24.196850 in. Another is"195/50R15" with 195x50/1270 + 15 =
22.677165 in. Replacing the first tire (andwheels) with the second (on 15" wheels), aspeedometer reads24.19../22.67..=1.0670139 times the
correct speed or 6.7% too high.
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For ABS one need to know the speed of eachwheel
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Modernaccelerometersbased on simplest
MEMS design Mass-damper-spring
Air bag deploymentsystem rapidnegativeacceleration
Electronic stability
control
Si
tether
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Two capacitatorconfiguration
Measure difference
between twocapacitance
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Based on total internal reflection LED or Infrared light source Photodiode Amplifier CPU wipers on, windows up
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Offset amplification raise thesensitivity of the sensor: nightdriving, high speed
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RF communication with on board computer
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Simplest form, it is nothing but one or more sensorsconnected to some sort ofsiren
Most modern car alarm systems: An array ofsensors that can include switches,
pressure sensors and motion detectors A siren, often able to create a variety of sounds sothat you can pick a distinct sound for your car
A radio receiver to allow wireless control from akey fob
An auxiliary battery so that the alarm canoperate even if the main battery getsdisconnected
A computer control unit that monitorseverything and sounds the alarm -- the "brain" of
the system
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In a closed-circuit system, the electric circuit is closed when the door isshut. This means that as long as the door is closed, electricity can flow fromone end of the circuit to the other. But if somebody opens the door, the circuitis opened, and electricity can't flow. This triggers an alarm.
In an open-circuit system, opening the door closes the circuit, so electricitybegins to flow. In this system, the alarm is triggered when the circuit iscompleted
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Breaking glass hasits own soundfrequency
Air pressure briefchange as dooropen, windowsbreak, even if the
inside outsidepressure is thesame
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Detects radar/lasersignals
Try to disturb the
reflected waves Emits jamming
signals
Warn the driver
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