geography of asia ppt. bhey

Geography of Asia

What is geography?

Geo earth

Graphien To write

- Writing of the physical description of the earth

5 Geographical Themes

1. Location – absolute and relative

2. Place and its physical characteristics - topography

3. Human/Environment interaction-influence of the environment in the way people live

4. Movement – relationship among places: people, ideas, information and products which are constantly moving around the world

5. Region – country, city, neighborhood

Regional division is only a human construct based on similarities in geographical, physical, historical and cultural attributes.

largest – 17 M sq miles; 1/3 of the total land surface of the globe

irregular shape but a huge portion of the Asian land mass is very much compact

islands can also be found scattered throughout the Asian continent

Asia’s winding coastlines touch the Indian and Pacific oceans as well as many seas. Within Asia’s vast land area are mountains, deserts, plains and great rivers.

Asia lies almost entirely in the northern hemisphere and the seasons of all are similar. The seasons of southern and south-east Asia vary slightly because of the monsoons.

Northern Asia, Central Asia, Eastern Asia- Spring – March, April, May- Summer – June, July, August- Autumn – September, October, November- Winter – December, January, February

Southern Asia, South-East Asia- Spring – December, January, February- Summer – March, April, May- Autumn – June, July, August- Winter – September, October, November.

Size and Location of Asia

A vast land measuring 44,339,000 square kilometer.

Width of 9,000 kilometer from east to west and a length of 8,000 kilometers from north to south.

It is bounded by land and bodies of water.

At the North, Asia is bounded by the Arctic Ocean.

East is the Pacific Ocean.

South is the Indian Ocean.

West are the Ural Mountains, Caspian Sea, Black Sea, Aegean Sea and the Red Sea.

Regions of Asia

North AsiaSiberiaKazakhstanUzbekistanKrygstanTajikistanTurkmenistan

•East AsiaMongoliaChinaHongkongArchipelago of JapanKorean Peninsula of North and South KoreaIsland of Taiwan

•Southeast AsiaIndo-China Peninsula (Vietnam, Kampuchea (Cambodia), landlocked country of Laos).Myanmar (Burma)Thailand (Siam)Archipelago of the PhilippinesIndonesiaMalaysiaSouthern part is the Island of SingaporeBrunei- the rich country

•South AsiaBlangladeshPakistanSri Lanka (Ceylon)MaldivesKingdom of BhutanNepalSikkimSubcontinent of india

•Southwest AsiaAfghanistanTurkey (Asia Minor)Iran (Persia)Iraq (Mesopotamia)LebanonJordanIsraelSaudi ArabiaKuwaitBahrainQuatarUnited Arab EmiratesOmanYemen ( North & South)

Regions of Asia

Topography of Asia

*Landforms

a. Peninsula-is a land almost surrounded by water and connected with the mainland by an isthmus.

-The peninsula in Asia:•India•Indo-China Peninsula •Malaysia•Kamchatka•Korea

•Arabian Peninsula- is the world’s largest peninsula that extends over 2.5million square kilometers.

b. Archipelago-is composed of several islands like the Philippines, Japan, and Indonesia.

-Indonesia-is the largest archipelagoes consisting of 13,000 islands.

c. Plateau-is a plain with a high elevation

-known as Tableland.

-Tibet Plateau- the largest in the world with its height of 4,545 meters and area of 1,040,000 square kilometers.

d. Mountain-is a mass of land that rises high above their surroundings.

-Himalayas- Abode of Snow, famous mountain.

-Mt. Everest- the highest mountain in the world.

-Pamir Knot-at the center of Himalayas known as “Roof of the World”.

-Cordillera, Sierra Madre and Caraballo mountains in the Philippines.

e. Volcano-is a spring in the earth’s surface surrounded by an accumulation of ejected material forming a hill or mountains from which heated matter is or has been ejected.

-Mt.Mayon- almost perfect cone shape in the phil.

-Mt.Fuji- the highest in Japan.

-Taal Volacano of the phil- smallest volcano in the world.

f. Plain-is broad, level land formation.

-Northern Plain of India- known Indo-Gangetic.

-In China, Fertile Lands are:•Huang He (Huang Ho)•Chang Jiang (Yangtze)•Amur Rivers

-Central Luzon and Koronadal in Mindanao- famous plains in the phil.

-Bet. The Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal are the Indian coastal plains.

g. Desert-is land without plants due to its sandy structure.

-Famous Desert in Asia:•Karakum in Turkmenia•Gobi in Mongolia•Negeb in Israel•Takla Makan in China

*Waterforms

a. Ocean-is the biggest body of water.•Arctic Ocean –North•Pacific Ocean-East•Indian Ocean-South

b. Sea-South Asia Sea located between Vietnam and the Phil.

-Mediterranean Sea separates Europe and Africa.

c. River-is a large, natural stream of water usually fed by converging tributaries along its course and discharging into a larger body water, as into the ocean, sea, or lake.

-Chiang Jiang River is the longest river in Asia with a length of 3,430 miles.

-In North Asia, Lena and Ob Rivers flow to the Arctic Ocean.

-East Asia, Huang He and Chang Jiang Rivers drain into the Pacific Ocean.

-Indus and Ganges Rivers flow towards the Indian Ocean.

-Southwest Asia, Tigris and Euphrates that flow towards the Persian Gulf.

d. Lake-is a body of water surrounded by land.

-Caspian Sea-is the biggest lake with an area of 143,243 sq. miles.

-Lake Baikal- is the deepest freshwater lake in the world and the third largest lake in Asia. A large variety of plant and animal life is found in its clear water.

-Lake Van in Turkey- famous “salty Water”.

e. Gulf-is the tract of water within an indentation or curve of the coastline.

-Persian Gulf in Southwest Asia- is being used in by oil tankers as their highways for commerce and trade.

f. Bay-is a body of water partly enclosed by land.•Bay of Bengal in India•Manila Bay in Philippines

g. Strait-is a narrow body of water connecting two bog bodies of water.

-Strait of Malacca-longest strait in the world, located between Malaysia and Sumatra.

-Bering Strait-separates Asia and America.

*Climate

The climate of Asia varies according to location and physical geography. There are eight different climate types:

•Deciduous forest - Four distinct seasons with warm summers and cold, wet winters. The trees shed their leaves in autumn.

•Coniferous forest - Also known as Taiga, cold and dry with snowy winters and warmer summers.

•Alpine/mountain - Cold, windy and snowy. It is winter from October to May with temperatures below freezing, while summer is from June to September where the temperature can reach 15°C.

•Rainforest - High temperatures and high rainfall throughout the year

•Desert - Warm to high temperatures with very little rainfall.

•Tundra - This area is characterized by a layer of permafrost (soil that has remained below freezing for at least two years. Winters are very cold, summers are warm and there is little rainfall.

•Grassland - Hot summers and cold winters with above average rainfall.

•Savanna - Very high temperatures all year and rain during the summer season only.

Southwest Asia : Hot & dry, desert, nil or very little rainfall.

Northern Asia : Very Cold tundra. Heavy snow all year round.

Central Asia : Very cold & windy almost 9 months a year, mostly dry in summers with snow in winters.

Southeast Asia and Eastern Asia : Hot & humid with a lot of rainfall all year round.

CHAPTER 3

Human Resources of Asia

Asia’s Population

Total population (2000) = 2,401,626,000 China = biggest population

followed by India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan

Population Distribution

there are countries that are overpopulated and there are those which are less populated.

North Asia = reach in natural resources but with less population.

its climate prevents the migration of the people.

Southeast Asia = population growthfast.

climate and fertile land of which attract people to settle.

Southwest Asia = attract people tostay temporarily due to job opportunities.

Several factors affects the migration/ movement of people fr. one place to

another

1.) Physical Features = it refer to theTopography of the country.

people prefer to settle in the lowland, plains, or valleys.

some are stay in Mt. and highlandsbec. Of mining industry.

2.) Climate = it affects the growth of population.

if not too hot or too cold, people are stay in the area.

it also determines the kind of animals and plants that can exist.

example: SAUDI ARABIA

3.)Fertility of the Soil = there are part of Asia where soil is very fertile.

it is good kind of environment for farming.

Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia are the example of fertile soil that are ready for farming to sustain the needs of people.

4.) Mineral Resources = metal or nonmetal are abundant in highlands.

people lives in these are because they earn their living in the industries related to the mineral being developed.

Settlement = the place where people live , a place where they work , stay and perform their recreational activities.

Form of Settlement

1.) Rural Community = it refers to the place located in the provinces and where the usual main occupation is farming.

for their livelihood, people depend on agricultural production, livestock raising and fishing..and some are also engaged in mining industry.

Bhutan = highest pop. with 93 %

Kuwait = lowest pop. with 2 %

2.) Urban Community = is the center of gov’tal functions, modern educ., industries and main offices of private corps.

Overpopulated

Singapore, Hongkong, Tokyo, Seoul, and Bangkok = leading cities in Asia.

Singapore = no rural area bec. It is city itself.

Philippines = most populated city ( Manila )

center of nat’l gov’t offices and private corps.

FARMLANDS SUBDIVISIONS

to accommodate the ↑ population..

Some problems encountered in the com.housing unemploymentwater and electrical servicestraffic pollutioncrimes lack of teachersfacilities in educ.

Population Densityrefers to the # of people

living in a specific are of the land.

Pop. Density = population total land area of country

Mongolia = smallest with 4 persons per square mile.

Singapore = largest with 18, 482 persons per square mile with land area is only 241 square miles.

Composition of the

population

the quality of community depends on some factors such as age, sex, and literacy of the pop.

Age = 15 y/o – 60 y/othis age group are the

segments of society w/c are classified as dependent.

young pop. future has a big labor force

Sex Israel↑ females than males, not a problems bec. Both groups are trained.S. Korea and Phil. urban com.=more females

Rural com.=more males

Literacy = ability to read and write.

↑ literacy rate Japan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijin and Armenia.

↓ literacy rate Nepal and Afganistan

Death RateThe ratio of total deaths to total population in a specified community or area over a specified period of time.

Afganistan = ↑ death rate (17.4 % )

bahrain = ↓ death rate (4 % )

Birth RateThe ratio of total live births to total population in a specified community or area over a specified period of time.

Yemen = ↑ birth rate (43.3 %)

Azerbaijin = ↓ birth rate (8 %)

Income per PersonAsian = receives bet. $50- $120/mos.

compared to Americans and Canadians the amount is small.Japan = ↑ per capita GDP($24,900)Yemen = ↓ per capita GDP($820)

Labor Force in AsiaAgriculture = The science, art, and business of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock; farming.

Industry and Trade = non- agricultural workers are factory workers, gov’t employees, employees employed in private company, const. workers in transfo. Bus., merchants, traders and executives.

The Population Problems in Asia

Natural Resources = A material source of wealth, such as timber, fresh water, or a mineral deposit, that occurs in a natural state and has economic value.

Food =  is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals.

Education = it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. In its narrow, technical sense, education is the formal process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills, customs and values from one generation to another, e.g., instruction in schools.

Health = a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.