geo11-01_intro to geol
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8/2/2019 Geo11-01_Intro to Geol
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INTRODUCTIONTO GEOLOGY
Geology 11
Astrid Korina S. GaboDPSM, CAS, UP Manila
8/2/2019 Geo11-01_Intro to Geol
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1. Define geology and identifysome of its branches
2. Differentiate uniformitarianismvs catastrophism
3. Appreciate the role of geology in
society
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WHAT IS GEOLOGY?
http://geology.about.com/od/nutshells/a/whatisgeology.htm
Greek γῆ, gê , "earth" and λόγος, logos , "study"Geology is the study of the Earth, itsorigin, history, composition, structuresand physical properties, the processesthat shape it, and the resources that couldbe obtained from it.
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GEOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE
1. The relevance of time2. The issue of scale3. The complexity of replicating
natural systems and phenomena inthe laboratory
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GEOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE
1. The relevance of time
www.ruf.rice.edu/~leeman/GeoTimeSpiral.gif
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2. The issue of scale
0.1 mm
GEOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE
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3. The complexity of replicatingnatural systems and phenomena inthe laboratory
GEOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE
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1. PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
2. HISTORICAL GEOLOGY
MAIN BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY
- Deals with the materials that comprise
the Earth and the processes that affect it
- The study of the origin and evolution of the Earth through time
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1. Volcanology – The study of volcanoes and volcanic activity
2. Seismology – The study of earthquakes and the mechanical
properties of the earth
3. Mineralogy – The study of minerals and its properties
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
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4. Petrology – The study of rocks and the conditions under
which they are formed
5. Geomorphology – The study of landforms and the processes that
shape them
6. Geophysics – The physics of the Earth and its environment in
space
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
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PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
7. Geochemistry – The study of the chemical composition and
processes of the Earth and other planets
8. Planetary Geology – Concerned with the geology of celestial bodies
9. Environmental Geology – The use of geologic information to manage our
environment
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10.Engineering Geology – The application of geologic information to
engineering problems
11.Mining Geology – Deals with the applications to mining
12.Petroleum Geology – Refers to application of geology to the search of
hydrocarbons
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
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HISTORICAL GEOLOGY
1. Paleontology – The study of prehistoric life as represented by
fossils
2. Stratigraphy – The study of rock layers and layering
(stratification)
3. Geochronology – Deals with the determination of the age of the
Earth and its materials
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BASIC CONCEPTS IN THEHISTORY OF GEOLOGY
1. Catastrophism
2. Uniformitarianism
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CATASTROPHISM
- Proposed by Baron Georges Cuvier- Sudden, worldwide catastrophesare the agents of change that alterthe physical features of the Earthover time- Widely accepted by theologians in
the early 1800s due to similarity withBiblical events such as Noah’s Flood
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UNIFORMITARIANISM
James Hutton, 1726-1797
www.physicalgeography.net
- Proposed by James Hutton(The Father of Modern Geology)
- “The present is the key to the past.”- “The present is the key to the future.”-Advocates the idea that the Earth iscontinuously modified by geologic processes
that have always operated throughout time (atdifferent rates), and that by studying them wecan understand how the Earth has evolved
through time
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What geologists doGEOLOGISTS AT WORK
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RELEVANCE TO DAILY LIFE
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MINERAL DEPOSITS
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RESOURCE EXPLORATION
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Earth processes that cause life and property loss:• Flooding
• Earthquake
• Volcanic Activity• Landslide
• Mudflows www.pinoyvote.infowww.pinoytutorial.com
By DwiObli,
Reuters
http:// pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs114-
By LauroNaranjo,
2007
GEOHAZARDS
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“If we intend to live
on – and with – thisplanet, we truly
need to understandhow it works and tounderstand themany components
that make up theEarth”
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