general overview by dr. barbara b. tillett chief, policy and standards division library of congress...
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1
General Overview
by Dr. Barbara B. TillettChief, Policy and Standards Division
Library of CongressFor Texas Library Association Conference
April 12, 2011
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Overview Influences on RDA Changing environment Why not AACR3? RDA goals and structure Examples of changes
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Influences Anglo-American cataloging tradition Paris Principles ISBD FRBR/FRAD Internet Toronto Conference 1997 IME ICC ICP Web environment collaborations
4
Influences Panizzi – 1841 (“91 rules”)
Not just finding list/inventory Full and complete data Collocation by authors References
5
Influences – Cutter (1876-1904 eds.)
Objects:Find
author, title, subjectShow
given author, given subject, kind of literature
Assist in choice edition, literary of
topical character
IFLA’s Influence onCataloguing Codes
1961
“Paris Principles”
(influenced by Lubetzky and Verona)
International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) - 2009
Principles & Glossary20 languageshttp://www.ifla.org/en/
publications/statement-of-international-cataloguing-principles
7
8
Anglo-American Tradition18
41
1876
1902
1904
1906
1908
1941
1949
1967
More of IFLA’s Influence
1969 – ISBDs• International Standard Bibliographic
Description
• 2007 Consolidated
edition
8
10
1988
1998
2002
AACR21978
11
FRBR IFLA’s Functional
Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)
User tasks Find Identify Select Obtain
Entities, Relationships, Attributes
Mandatory elements for a national level bibliographic record
FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model Entities Relationships Attributes (data elements)
User tasks National level required elements
relationship
One Entity Another Entity
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FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model
created
Shakespeare Hamletwas created by
Pers
on W
or
k13
FRBR Entities
Group 1:Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources Work Expression Manifestation Item
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Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
recursive
one
many
Group 1
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Elements to Describe Resources Work
ID Title Date etc.
Expression ID Form Date Language etc.
Manifestation ID Title Statement of
responsibility Edition Imprint (place, publisher,
date) Form/extent of carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc.
Item ID Provenance Location etc. 16
Relationships Inherent among the
Group 1 entities
Content relationships among works/expressions
Structural relationships
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Whole-Part
AccompanyingSequentialDerivative17
FRBR EntitiesGroup 2: Those responsible for Group 1
entities intellectual or artistic creation
realization of works production/publishing/ distribution/manufacture
custodial responsibility, Or are the subject of works
PersonCorporate bodyFamily
21
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Group 2
many
is owned by
is produced by
is realized byis created by
FRBR
Person
Corporate Body
Family
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FRBR Entities Group 3: Subjects of works
Groups 1 & 2 plusConceptObjectEventPlace
20
Work Group 3
many
has as subject
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Person
Corporate Body
Work
Concept
Object
Event
Place
has as subject
has as subject
FRBRFamily
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“User Tasks” - FRBR Find (locate and
collocate) Identify Select Obtain
Relate/Navigate
22
June 2009 Extends the FRBR
model to authority data (Still to come is FRSAD
on subject authority data)
Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD)
27
British Museum 1841(“full and accurate” book catalog)
ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL).Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4o
Another copy.
The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4o
Another copy.
Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, 1592. 4o
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British Museum 1841(“full and accurate” book catalog)
ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL).
Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4o
Another copy.The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4o
Another copy.Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, 1592. 4o
Person Work Expression Manifestation Item
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LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
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LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
Work
27
Person
LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
Expression
28
LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
Manifestation
29
LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.
CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or
Area Studies Reading Rms
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
Item
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Collocation
Don Quixote
Madrid, 1979
English
Spanish
French
German
Cervantes
Library of CongressCopy 1Green leather binding
Exemplary novels
Tex
t
Objectives of a catalog: display
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All the works associated with a person, etc.
All the expressions of the same work
All the manifestations of the same expression
All items/copies of the same manifestation
Don Quixote
Madrid, 1979
English
Spanish
French
German
Cervantes
Library of CongressCopy 1Green leather binding
Exemplary novels
Wasserman
The Man of La Mancha
Tex
tMovies…
Derivative
works
Subj
ect
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RelationshipsPathways to Related Works
Author of A
uthor of
For Librarians
Collocation
Better organization to catalog
Easier cataloging
Reduction in cataloging load
Work only cataloged once for all expressions under it
Expression only cataloged once for all manifestations under it
Item cataloging (already simple) remains the same
FRBR Benefits
Greater Benefits For Users
Collocation
Easier to find information
Single search retrieves all related materials even if cataloged in different languages or different subject headings
Easier to see the different expressions of a single work
Gives a better global picture
Easier to find all manifestations
FRBR Benefits
Circulation: Place holds at “Work” or
“Expression” level rather than only at
manifestation level
FRBR Benefits
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Internet
Catalogs are no longer
the end points in isolation Global access to data
Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet environment Share data beyond institutions
Internet “Cloud”
Web frontend
ServicesVIAF
Databases, Repositories
LCSH
37
3838
Current Cataloging Environment Web-based
Wide range of information carriers complexity of content
Metadata (bibliographic information) Created by a wider range of personnel in
and outside libraries Element-based metadata schemas
Dublin Core, ONIX, etc.
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What’s wrong with AACR? Increasingly complex Lack of logical structure Mixing content and carrier data Hierarchical relationships missing Anglo-American centric viewpoint Written before FRBR Not enough support for collocation Before Internet and well-formed metadata
Based on slide from Ann Chapman, UKOLN
4040
1997 International Conference on the Principles and Future Development
of AACRToronto, Canada JSC invited
worldwide experts Issues leading to
RDA
Principles Content vs. carrier Logical structure of
AACR Seriality Internationalization
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AACR3AACR3
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IFLA - Principles, Conceptual models, ISBD/ISSN ONIX (Publishers) – types of content, media, carriers
Dublin Core, IEEE/LOM, Semantic Web, W3C“Data Modeling Meeting” - London 2007
RDA/MARC Working Group (MARBI)
JSC Collaborations with other Metadata Communities
43
Other Collaborations Law Library community
Treaties Hebraica and Religion Teams at LC
Bible proposals Mss/Archives experts at LC (Mss. Div., NUCMC,
American Folklife Center, Rare Books) DACS
Music Div and Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Div., MLA AMIM2 and Ch.6 proposals for music
Prints & Photographs Division CCO
Geography and Maps Divisions at LC
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4545
GOALS: RDA will be …
A new standard for resource description and access
Designed for the digital world• Optimized for use as an online product• Description and access of all resources
• All types of content and media
• Resulting records usable in the digital environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc.)
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RDA – The Goals Rules should be easy to use and interpret Be applicable to an online, networked
environment Provide effective bibliographic control for all types
of media Encourage use beyond the library community Be compatible with other similar standards Have a logical structure based on internationally
agreed principles Separate content and carrier data Examples – more of them, more appropriate
slide Ann Chapman, UKOLN
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RDA Structure General introduction Identifying (Entities and their attributes)
Manifestations and Items Works and Expressions Persons, Corporate Bodies, Families, etc.
RelationshipsAppendices
Capitalization, Abbreviations, Initial articles, etc. Presentation (ISBD, MARC, etc.) Relationship designators Etc.
Glossary Index
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General Principles (ICP)• Convenience of user
• Representation
• Common usage
• Accuracy
• Sufficiency and necessity
• Significance
• Economy
• Consistency and Standardization
• Integration
• Defensible, not arbitrary
• If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution.
5050
Transcription – Principle of Representation in RDA
“Take what you see” Correction of inaccuracies elsewhereNo more abbreviating
Accept what you getFacilitating automated data capture
5151
Sample Changes from AACR2
Transcribed data (macros and templates)Option to keep rule of 3
e.g., “[and five others]” – no more “… et. al.”
First place of publication is “core”“Place of publication not identified” – not “s.l.”“Publisher not identified” – not “s.n.”“Date of publication not identified”
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RDA Element Analysis RDA element (domain: manifestation)
Title Title proper Parallel title Other title information Variant title Earlier variant title Later variant title Key title Abbreviated title Devised title
element element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type
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RDA elements “Core” Media, Carrier, and Content Types to
replace GMDs Other examples of new elements:
File characteristics for digital materialsVideo format characteristicsCustodial information for archival resourcesBraille characteristics
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New Terminology
AACR2 terms
Heading
Added Entry
Authorized heading
See references
RDA terms
Access point
Access point
Authorized access point
Variant access point
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New Terminology
AACR2 terms
Uniform title
RDA terms
Preferred title
Name of the work (to include name of creator when applicable)
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http://www.rda-jsc.org/
5757
Summary User-oriented models (FRBR/FRAD)
Collocate works/expressions Identify resources through specific
elements (attributes) and relationships Internationalization
Cost reduction through increased sharing of data
Across information communities
5858
Summary Principle-based rules (ICP)
Cataloger’s judgment (Best for users)Take what you see for transcribed data
(Representation) Facilitate harvesting and sharing of
descriptive metadataLess rigid, more flexible
Add controlled vocabularies for precision of searching
5959
Questions?
Acronyms and Links DC – Dublin Core
• DCMI – Dublin Core Metadata Initiativehttp://dublincore.org/
• DCAM – Dublin Core Abstract Modelhttp://dublincore.org/documents/2007/04/02/abstract-model/
FRAD – Functional Requirements for Authority Datahttp://www.ifla.org/VII/d4/wg-franar.htm
FRBR – Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (this site includes a Webliography)
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm
IFLA – International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
http://www.infla.org JSC – Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA
http://www.rda-jsc.org/ RDA – Resource Description and Access
http://www.rda-jsc.org/rda.html 60
Acronyms and Links
ALA Publishing URL for RDA Toolkit: http://www.rdatoolkit.org/
RDA Toolkit demo: http://www.rdatoolkit.org/training/guidedtour
US RDA Test, General information: http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/rda/
Library of Congress Documentation for the RDA Test (training materials and decisions for test on RDA options): http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/RDAtest/rdatest.html
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Attributes – Elements/data to identify an entity (e.g., title; place of publication; date of publication; etc.)
Carrier types – categories of the kinds of packages to convey information (e.g., volume, microfiche, videocassette, globe)
Content types (e.g., text, image, sound,
cartographic content, notated movement)
Media types (e.g., audio, video, unmediated)
Terms
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