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Gender and Moral Development
Narrow Morality
Why do some people recognize a higher moral law, while others are simply content
to obey rules without question?
Moral Dilemmas: Heinz
Who cares about my stage?!
Your stage matters! Problem-solving changes in your 20s-
30s Specific educational attempts to
influence awareness Behavior is influenced by moral
perception and moral judgments
Kohlberg cared…
Carefully collected international data
Aboriginal villages in Malaysia Turkey Yucatán Urban areas in the US and Mexico
Carol Gilligan
Women & Kohlberg
Women often scored a full stage below their male counterparts
Women focused on SOLUTIONS THAT PRESERVED CONNECTIONS
What’s going on?
Either women are less morally developed than men
OR
Something is wrong with Kohlberg’s framework
Women and their moral dilemmas
In a Different VOICE
Harmony without sameness Collaborative (not
competitive/combative) Voices are different without excluding
one another A wide vocabulary that has NOTHING to
do with right/wrong or true/false
Men’s View of the Self
Autonomy Freedom Independence Separateness Hierarchy Rules guide interactions Roles establish place in hierarchy
Women’s View of the Self
Relatedness Interdependence Emotional Connectedness Responsiveness to needs of others Web of relationships Empathy & connectedness guide
interactions Roles are secondary to connections
Men’s Moral Voices
Justice Rights Treating everyone fair/the same Apply rules impartially to everyone Responsibility towards abstract codes of
conduct
Women’s Moral Voices
Care Responsibility Caring about everyone's suffering Preserve emotional connectedness Responsibility toward real individuals
Stages of Women’s Moral Development
Umm…who cares?
Different ideas about what to do about these gender-based ways of making decisions
Separate but equal
Men and women have different but equally valuable moral voices
Reinforces stereotypes Hard to retain “…but equal” part We have nothing to learn from one
another Devalues those with “non-traditional”
moral voices
Superiority Thesis
Women’s moral voices are superior
Exclusionary Demands that someone be the loser Inverts traditional claims of male
“superiority”
Integrationist Thesis
There is only one moral voice: It’s the same for men and women
No richness or diversity Assimilationist-everybody needs to fall
in line with the powerful majority
Diversity Thesis
There are different moral voices and this is a source of richness and diversity
External: Different sex-based moral voices
Internal: We all have masculine AND feminine moral voices within us•Minimizes gender stereotyping
Bem’s Sex Roles
How does all of this carry over to leadership?
3 male + 3 female leaders What industry? Adjectives to describe them as an
individual Adjectives to describe their moral voice What you think it’s like to work for
them?
Leadership Preferences?
Sam Palmisano: CEO IBM
Where are we headed?
“We need not just a new generation of leadership but a new gender of
leadership.”-Bill Clinton
Acknowledgement that BOTH male and female voices and leadership styles are necessary for a successful organization!
Next Class
Tokenism & the pay gap
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