fungi basics heterotrophs –cannot perform photosynthesis –release enzymes to absorb nutrients...

Fungi Basics• Heterotrophs

– Cannot perform photosynthesis

– Release enzymes to absorb nutrients

• Cell composition similar to animals

• Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual

• Classified by how they reproduce

Comparing Plants & Fungi • Plants and fungi have different traits:

– Fungal cell walls are made of chitin. – Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.– Plants have chlorophyll and photosynthesize.– Fungi absorb food through hyphae.

• Plants and fungi have similar traits:• Both are nonmoving.• Grow underground and aboveground.• May produce spores.

Fungi Structure• What grows

underground?– Hyphae: thin strands

of cells that make up the fungus body

– Hyphae branch into a larger mass (mycelium)

• What grows above ground?– Fruiting body:

reproductive structure creates spores

Bread Mold Fungi

• Bread molds• Get name due to ability to create zygospore

– Protective spore surrounding the zygote• Spores produced inside sporangia (sporangium)• Spores released into air

Club Fungi• Mushrooms,

puffballs, shelf fungi

• Fruiting body looks like club

• Spores produced in structures called basidia (basidium)

• Spores released into air

Grassy ground

....

Sac Fungi

• Yeast– Single celled – Reproduce asexually

through budding• Morels, truffles• Fruiting body resembles

a sac• Spores produced in

structures called Asci (ascus)

• Spores released into air

Reproductive Structuresof Fungi (that you need to know)

Mushroom ReproductionGills

ground

Fungus #1 mycelium grows underground….Fungus #2 mycelium grows underground

Fruiting body sprouts

New spores released from the fruiting body. . . . .

Two fungi grow together and fuse…new mycelium created

Spores will land

Lichens

• Fungus + algae or cyanobacteria• Mycelium of fungi surrounds the green organism• Grow on rocks, soil, trees• Mutualistic relationship

– Algae/bacteria: obtains home to grow within; gets water– Fungus: obtains nutrients

REview1) Name the three major types of

fungi.2) Which characteristic is used to

classify the various types of fungi?

3) Which fungi produce asci?4) Which fungi produce basidia?5) Which fungi produce

zygospores?6) What is the above ground

structure of a fungus called?7) What objects are released from

the fruiting body?8) Label the diagram.