fuel energizers
Post on 11-Nov-2014
32 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
FUEL ENERGIZERS
A SEMINAR REPORT
Submitted by
KUSHAGRA DWIVEDI
(09ME000667)
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SIR PADAMPAT SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY, UDAIPUR-313
601
MAY, 2013
2
Appendix-II
Acknowledgements
I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my Head
of Department (Mr. Naveen Kumar) for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and
constant encouragement through the course of this training. The blessing, help and
guidance given by him time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey of life on
which I am about to embark.
Lastly, I thank almighty, my parents, brother and friends for their constant
encouragement without which this assignment would not be possible.
Kushagra Dwivedi
(09ME000667)
3
Appendix-III
Abstract
In this era of increasing fuel prices, here a device called FUEL ENERGIZER‘ help us
to Reduce Petrol /Diesel /Cooking gas consumption up to 28%, or in other words this
would equal to buying the fuel up to 28% cheaper prices. When fuel flow through
powerful magnetic field created by Magnetizer Fuel Energizer, The hydrocarbons
change their orientation and molecules in them change their configuration. Result:
Molecules get realigned, and actively into locked with oxygen during combustion to
produce a near complete burning of fuel in combustion chamber.
4
Appendix-IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
Acknowledgements 2
ABSTRACT 3
LIST OF TABLES 5
LIST OF FIGURES 6
LIST OF SYMBOLS,
EQUATIONS,
ABBREVIATIONS AND
NOMENCLATURE
7
1 Chapter 1 8
2 Chapter 2 15
3 Chapter3 20
4 Chapter 4 23
5 Chapter 5 28
6 Chapter 6 33
7 Chapter 7 39
Conclusion 45
References 46
5
Appendix-V
List of Tables
Table Number Description
1 The Fuel Energizer can be used in
6
Appendix-VI
List of Figures
Figure Number Description
1. Fuel Energizer
2. Flame from a rocket engine
3. Fuel energizer installed in a car
4. Where to install fuel energizer
5. Structure of methane
6. Ortho and para spin of hydrogen
7. Working of magnetic type fuel energizer
8. Construction of magnetizer
9. How catalytic converter work
10. Magnetizer
11. Magnetizer on fuel line
12. Testing of magnetizer
13. Vehicle fitted with fuel energizer
14. Fuel energizer packet
15. Water magnetizer
16. Water magnetizer schematic diagram
17. Energizer in refrigerator
7
Appendix-VII
List of Symbols
Equation Number Description
1 Combustion of hydrogen
8
Chapter 1
Introduction
India is the 6th largest consumer of crude oil in the world and consumes nearly
2.7 million barrels a day, which costs about 145 million dollars. Out of the total fuel
consumed approximately 25-30 % of this energy is wasted. carbon residue that
clogs carburetor, fuel injector, leading to reduced efficiency and waste of fuel.
Pinging, stalling, loss of horse power and greatly heating units where improper
combustion leads to wasted fuel (gas) and decreased mileage in cars are very
noticeable. The same is true of home cost, money in poor efficiency and repairs due to
build up carbon deposit.
Most fuels for internal combustion engine are liquid. Fuels do not combust until they
are vaporized and mixed with air. Most emission motor vehicle consists of unburned
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen. Unburned hydrocarbon and
oxides of nitrogen react in the atmosphere and smog. Smog is prime cause of eye
and throat irritation, noxious smell, plat damage and decreased visibility. Oxides of
nitrogen are also toxic.
Generally fuels for internal combustion engine are compound of molecules. Each
molecule consists of a number of atoms made up of a number of electrons,
Figure 1
9
they therefore already have positive and negative hydrogen charges. However, these
molecules have not been realigned, the fuel is not actively interlocked with
hydrogen during combustion, the fuel molecule or hydrocarbon chains must be
ionized and realigned. The ionization and realignment is achieved through the
Fuel mainly consists of hydrocarbon and when fuel flows through a magnetic field,
such as the one created by the fuel energizer, the hydrocarbon change their
orientation and the molecules of hydrocarbon change their configuration. At the
same time intermolecular force is considerably reduced or depressed. These
mechanisms are believed to help disperse oil particles and to become finely divided.
This has the effect of ensuring that fuel actively inter locks with oxygen
producing a more complete burn in the combustion chamber. The result is
higher engine output, better fuel economy and reduction in hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide and oxides of nitrogen that are emitted through exhaust. The
ionization fuel also helps to dissolve the carbon build up in carburetor, jets condition
clean. Also it works on any vehicle or device (cooking gas stove) using liquid or gas
fuel.
Brief about hydrogen
Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the
symbol H. With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u (1.007825 u for Hydrogen-1),
hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75
% of the Universe’s elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly composed
of hydrogen in its plasma state. Naturally occurring elemental hydrogen is relatively
rare on Earth.
The most common isotope of hydrogen is Protium (name rarely used, symbol H) with
a single proton and no neutrons. In ionic compounds it can take a negative charge (an
anion known as a hydride and written as H-), or as a positively charged species H+.
The latter cation is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality,
hydrogen cations in ionic compounds always occur as more complex species.
Hydrogen forms compounds with most elements and is present in water and most
organic compounds. It plays a particularly important role in acid-base chemistry with
10
many reactions exchanging protons between soluble molecules. As the simplest atom
known, the hydrogen atom has been of theoretical use. For example, as the only
neutral atom with an analytic solution to the Schrödinger equation, the study of the
energetics and bonding of the hydrogen atom played a key role in the development of
quantum mechanics.
Hydrogen gas (now known to be H2) was first artificially produced in the early 16th
century, via the mixing of metals with strong acids. In 1766–81, Henry Cavendish was
the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces
water when burned, a property which later gave it its name, which in Greek means
"water-former." At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless,
odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustible diatomic gas with the molecular
formula H2. Industrial production is mainly from the steam reforming of natural gas,
and less often from more energy-intensive hydrogen production methods like the
electrolysis of water. Most hydrogen is employed near its production site, with the two
largest uses being fossil fuel processing (e.g., hydrocracking) and ammonia
production, mostly for the fertilizer market. Hydrogen is a concern in metallurgy as it
can embrittle many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks.
Combustion
The Space Shuttle Main Engines burn hydrogen with oxygen, producing a nearly
invisible flame at full thrust. Hydrogen gas (di-hydrogen) is highly flammable and will
burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4% and 75% by volume.
The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is −286 kJ/mol:
2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 H2O (l) + 572 kJ (286 kJ/mol) ------------------------------ (i)
Figure 2
11
Hydrogen gas forms explosive mixtures with air in the concentration range 4-74%
(volume per cent of hydrogen in air) and with chlorine in the range 5-95%. The
mixtures spontaneously detonate by spark, heat or sunlight. The hydrogen auto
ignition temperature, the temperature of spontaneous ignition in air, is 500 °C (932
°F). Pure hydrogen-oxygen flames emit ultraviolet light and are nearly invisible to the
naked eye, as illustrated by the faint plume of the Space Shuttle main engine compared
to the highly visible plume of a Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster.
The detection of a burning hydrogen leak may require a flame detector; such leaks can
be very dangerous. The destruction of the Hindenburg airship was an infamous
example of hydrogen combustion; the cause is debated, but the visible flames were the
result of combustible materials in the ship's skin. Because hydrogen is buoyant in air,
hydrogen flames tend to ascend rapidly and cause less damage than hydrocarbon fires.
Two-thirds of the Hindenburg passengers survived the fire, and many deaths were
instead the result of falls or burning diesel fuel.
H2 reacts with every oxidizing element. Hydrogen can react spontaneously and
violently at room temperature with chlorine and fluorine to form the corresponding
hydrogen halides, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride, which are also potentially
dangerous acids.
How to install a fuel energizer?
The magnetic flux density to be imparted to fuel widely varies depending upon fuel,
air or steam, and combustion equipment and conditions. In general, the preferred range
of magnetic flux density is from 1000 to 3500 Gauss, and the most preferred range is
from 1400 to 1800 Gauss when fuel oil is used in combination with conventional heat
power boilers. The optimum range will be determined through experimental runs. The
field strength is a function of the engine size based on fuel consumption. The Ferrite
magnets are the most cost effective for treating fuel. When high energy Neodymium
Iron Boron Magnets are applied, we can obtain a decrease in the fuel mileage and
unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The magnetizing apparatus is located
on the pipe between pumping means and the burner, carburetor or fuel injectors,
because it is unnecessary for any other parts to be magnetized. A portion of the fuel
12
feeding system extending from a point downstream of the magnetizing apparatus to
the burner must be made of non-magnetic material. In this case, magnetized fuel is
directly fed to burners or atomizing nozzles with a minimum reduction of magnetism.
The magnets are embedded in a body of non-magnetic material, such as plastic, copper
or aluminum, to secure they to the fuel line. No cutting of the fuel line and no hose and
clamps are necessary to install this device, outside a fuel line without disconnection or
modification of the fuel or ignition system for producing magnetic flux in the flow
path of combustible fuel within the pipe. These units have been installed without other
fuel line or ignition adjustments to treat vehicles failing required emission tests as an
inexpensive retrofit accessory to give substantially immediate improvements of up to
the order of 80 % reduction in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. In a
preferred embodiment, one or more magnets are strapped to the fuel line as close as
possible to the carburetor or fuel injectors with only one pole of the magnet or magnets
adjacent to or in contact with the fuel line. One or more magnets are strapped to the air
intake in such a way as to magnetically expose the oxygen to the magnetic field
emanating from the pole opposite that of the pole used to expose the fuel. The magnets
should have a Curie temperature sufficiently high that they retain their magnetic
characteristics at the operating temperatures to which they are exposed. For example,
in an automobile engine, the fuel line magnets will lie above the engine block where
relative heating will greatly increase their temperature. Some magnets lose much of
their magnetic field strength as their temperature rise. The Curie temperature on
Alnico magnet are 760ºC to 890ºC, on Ceramic magnets ( ferrite magnets ) 450ºC, on
Neodymium 310ºC to 360ºC and on Samarium 720ºC a 825ºC.
13
Fuel energizer
installed in car
Magnetizer fuel
energizer (eg:-
neodymium super
conductor- NSCM)
is installed in cars,
trucks immediately
before carburetor
or injector on fuel
line. On home
cooking gas system
it is installed just
before burner.
Figure 3
14
What does fuel energizer do?
• More mileage (up to 28% increase) per liter due to 100% burning fuel
• No fuel wastage
• Increased pick up
• Reduced engine noise
• Reduced smoke
• Faster A/C cooling
• Smooth running and long term maintenance for fuel engines
• 30% extra life for expensive catalytic converter
15
Chapter 2
Atoms of Hydrogen In Para And Ortho State
Each hydrogen molecule (H2) consists of two hydrogen atoms linked by a covalent
bond. If we neglect the small proportion of deuterium and tritium which may be
present, each hydrogen atom consists of one proton and one electron. The proton has
an associated magnetic moment, which is associated with the proton's spin. In the H2
molecule, the spins of the two hydrogen nuclei (protons) couple to form a triplet state
(I = 1, α1α2, (α1β2 + β1α2)/21/2, or β1β2 for which MI = 1, 0, −1 respectively — this
is Ortho-hydrogen) or to form a singlet state (I = 0, (α1β2 – β1α2)/21/2 MI = 0 —
this is Para-hydrogen). The ratio between the ortho and Para forms is about 3:1 at
standard temperature and pressure - a reflection of the spin degeneracy ratio, but if
thermal equilibrium between the two forms is established, the Para form dominates at
low temperatures (approx. 99.8% at 20 K). Other molecules and functional groups
containing two hydrogen atoms, such as water and methylene, also have ortho and
para forms (e.g. ortho-water and para-water), although their ratios differ from that of
the di-hydrogen molecule.
There exist two different spin isomers of hydrogen diatomic molecules that differ by
the relative spin of their nuclei. In the ortho-hydrogen form, the spins of the two
protons are parallel and form a triplet state with a molecular spin quantum number of 1
(½+½); in the para-hydrogen form the spins are antiparallel and form a singlet with a
molecular spin quantum number of 0 (½-½). At standard temperature and pressure,
hydrogen gas contains about 25% of the para form and 75% of the ortho form, also
known as the "normal form".
The equilibrium ratio of ortho-hydrogen to para-hydrogen depends on temperature, but
since the ortho form is an excited state and has a higher energy than the para form, it is
unstable and cannot be purified. At very low temperatures, the equilibrium state is
composed almost exclusively of the para form. The liquid and gas phase thermal
properties of pure para-hydrogen differ significantly from those of the normal form
because of differences in rotational heat capacities, as discussed more fully in Spin
16
isomers of hydrogen. The ortho/para distinction also occurs in other hydrogen-
containing molecules or functional groups, such as water and methylene, but is of little
significance for their thermal properties.
The un-catalyzed inter-conversion between para and ortho H2 increases with
increasing temperature; thus rapidly condensed H2 contains large quantities of the
high-energy ortho form that converts to the para form very slowly. The ortho/para
ratio in condensed H2 is an important consideration in the preparation and storage of
liquid hydrogen: the conversion from ortho to para is exothermic and produces enough
heat to evaporate some of the hydrogen liquid, leading to loss of liquefied material.
Catalysts for the ortho-para inter-conversion, such as ferric oxide, activated carbon,
platinized asbestos, rare earth metals, uranium compounds, chromic oxide, or some
nickel compounds, are used during hydrogen cooling.
A molecular form called protonated molecular hydrogen, or H+3, is found in the
interstellar medium (ISM), where it is generated by ionization of molecular hydrogen
from cosmic rays. It has also been observed in the upper atmosphere of the planet
Jupiter. This molecule is relatively stable in the environment of outer space due to the
low temperature and density. H+3 is one of the most abundant ions in the Universe, and
it plays a notable role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium. Neutral triatomic
hydrogen H3 can only exist in an excited from and is unstable. The simplest of
hydrocarbon, methane, (CH4) is the major (90%) constituent of
Natural gas (fuel) and an important source of hydrogen. Its molecule is composed of
one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms, and is electrically neutral. From the energy
point of view, the greatest amount of releasable energy lies in the hydrogen atom.
17
Now arises the question why?
In octane (C8H18) the carbon content of the molecule is 84.2%. When combusted, the
carbon portion of the molecule will generate 12,244 BTU (per pound of carbon). On
the other hand, the hydrogen, which comprises of only 15.8% of the molecular weight,
will generate an amazing 9,801 BTU of heat per pound of hydrogen.
Hydrogen, the lightest and the most basic element known to man, is the major
constituent of hydrocarbon fuels (besides carbon and smaller amount of sulphur and
inert gases). It has one positive charge (proton) and one negative charge (electron), i.e.
it possess a dipole movement. It can be either diamagnetic or paramagnetic (weaker or
smaller response to the magnetic flux) depending upon the relative orientation of its
nucleus spins. Even though it is the simplest of all the elements it occurs in two
distinct isomeric varieties (forms) – para and ortho. It is characterized by the different
opposite nuclear spins. In the para H2 molecule, which occupies the even rotational
Figure 5
18
opposite direction (―counter clockwiseǁ, ―antiparallelǁ, ―one up and one downǁ),
rendering it diamagnetic, whereas in the ortho molecule, which occupies the odd
rotational levels, the spins are parallel (―clockwiseǁ, ―coincidentǁ, ―both upǁ), with
the same orientation of the two atoms, therefore, is paramagnetic and a catalyst for
many reactions. Thus, the spin orientation has a pronounced effect on physical
properties (specific heat, vapor pressure) as well as the behavior of the gas molecule.
The coincident spin renders the ortho-hydrogen exceedingly unstable. In fact ortho-
hydrogen is more reactive than its para-hydrogen counterpart
Ortho and para spin of hydrogen
The liquid hydrogen fuel that is used to power the space shuttle or rockets is stored, for
safety reasons, in the less energetic, less volatile, less reactive para hydrogen form.
During the start of the shuttle the ortho hydrogen form is beneficial since it allows to
intensify the combustion process. To secure the conversion of para to ortho state, it is
Figure 6
19
necessary to change the energy of interaction between the spin state of the H2
molecule.
Ordinary di-hydrogen is an equilibrium mixture of ortho and para hydrogen.
The amount of ortho and para hydrogen varies with temperature as:
At 0°K, hydrogen contains mainly para hydrogen which is more stable.
At the temperature of liquefaction of air, the ratio of ortho and para hydrogen is 1: 1.
At the room temperature, the ratio of ortho to para hydrogen is 3: 1. Even at very high
temperatures, the ratio of ortho to para hydrogen can never be more than 3 : 1. Thus, it
has been possible to get pure para hydrogen by cooling ordinary hydrogen gas to a
very low temperature (close to 20 K) but it is never possible to get a sample of
hydrogen containing more than 75% of ortho hydrogen.
20
Chapter 3
The Magnetizer And Hydrocarbon Fuel
Any utility patent must be proven operable and scientifically correct before issuance.
The same principle has been utilized, and the same effect has been achieved by the
action of Magnetizer where a strong enough flux fields was developed to substantially
change the hydrocarbon molecule from its para state to higher energized ortho state.
The spin effect of the fuel molecules can be ascertained optically, based on refraction
of light rays passing through liquid fuel as had been demonstrated by scientists while
using infrared cameras installed, e.g. in metallurgical oven‘s where magnetizer‘s have
been effectively working.
Furthermore, the conversion of hydrogen into ortho H2 (taking place very fast in this
strong and unique magnetic field, with the simultaneous transformation of the system
from a symmetrical into highly active anti symmetrical;
Molecular state of increased reactivity and catalytic ability) has been found highly
advantageous in many technologies, especially those where hydrogen is used.
Hydrocarbons have basically a ―cage-likeǁ structure. That is why oxidizing of their
inner carbon atoms during the combustion process are hindered. Furthermore, they
bind into larger groups of pseudo compounds. Such groups form clusters
(associations). The access hydrogen in the right quantity in the interior of the groups of
Figure 7
21
molecules is hindered. (It has nothing to do with the incoming air from the manifold in
the fuel mixture when even though there may be excess of it, this will not provide the
required hydrocarbon-oxygen binding), and stemming from this shortage of oxygen to
the cluster that hinders the full combustion. In order to combust fuel, proper quantity
of oxygen from air is necessary for it to oxidize the combustible agents. For many
years, designers of the internal combustion engines have had one goal: to oppose the
effect of molecular association of the hydrocarbon fuel and to optimize the combustion
process. The peculiar problem in designing engines for air pollution is that in order to
fully burn all the hydrocarbons in the combustion chamber, operating temperatures of
the cylinders have had to be increased. While older engines may have produced
relatively large quantities of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, they
produced low quantities of oxides of nitrogen. Also, with the renewed interest in
performance engines, compression ratios are creeping upward again, and once again
the mechanism for producing higher levels of nitrogen toxins is increased. Similarly,
turbo charging effectively alters the compression ratio of a vehicle, further adding to
the nitrogen problem. The feed and exhaust systems have been perfected, the ignition
controlling electronics has been perfected, the fuel/air mix metering devices have been
brought to perfection, and finally the catalytic converters (see below) have been found
indispensable. But even then, fumes that leave the "afterburners" are not ideally clean -
engine still burns only part of the fuel (or precisely the incompletely oxidized carbon
atoms in the form of CO). The rest is discharged as polluting emissions (HC, CO,
NOx) or is deposited on the internal engine walls as black carbon residue. All this has
been caused by the incomplete combustion process. The reasons for it being that:
Hydrocarbons form the so-called associations, close molecular groups, interior of
which is deprived of access of the suitable amount of air; the lack of oxygen impedes
the full combustion. Note: The tendency of HC molecules to cluster causes local
macro-groupings (condensing) of molecules to clog the pipes and fuel nozzles. The
excess of air in the fuel mixture will not provide for the complete combustion. Hence,
the exhaust fumes contain considerable amounts of unburned CO, HC, and soot.
Oxygen with negative 2 valencies is negative, and hydrocarbon has neutral
molecular structures, which by passing through steel fuel lines gets negatively (micro)
22
charged. Therefore, when these two atoms come together with the same potential in a
combustion chamber, they repel, which result in incomplete combustion. Therefore, all
serious research has been aimed at bringing about fuel reactivity with oxygen
(oxygenated fuels); since increased oxidation means increased combustion, and the
following rules had to be taken into consideration:
Rule 1: Unburned hydrocarbon (HC) as well as carbon monoxide (CO) emitted from a
vehicle's exhaust system can be viewed as the additional fuel reserve, since, if proper
conditions are met, HC & CO can be further burned in the combustion chamber.
Therefore, creating such proper combustion conditions is paramount.
Rule 2: Hydrogen's chemical reaction, determined by its valence (the electron
"surplus" in the "outer" orbital shell), is affected by a magnetic field since proper
magnets are the prime source of control of the position of electrons.
Rule 3: The application of a proper magnetic field enforces beneficial changes in fuel
structure and enhances its general reactivity in the combustion process.
Rule 4: If a hydrocarbon molecule could better bind with oxygen molecules (be more
completely oxidized), then the toxicity of fumes would be considerably limited and in
principle, one could dispense with catalytic converters.
23
Chapter 4
How does magnetizer allow to meet the requirement of rules?
Here are the rules to be followed to meet the requirements of the magnetizer
Rule 1: When hydrocarbon fuel (methane molecule) is combusted, the first to be
oxidized are the hydrogen atoms (or precisely electrons on their outer shells). Only
then, are the carbon atoms subsequently burned (CH4 + 2O2 = CO2+ 2H2O). Since it
takes less time to oxidize hydrogen atoms in a high-speed internal combustion process,
in normal conditions some of the carbon will be only partially oxidized; this is
responsible for the incomplete combustion. Oxygen combines with hydrogen readily;
however, the carbon-oxygen reaction is far less energetic. We should keep in mind:
oxygen always has a valence of minus two. The valence of carbon, on the other hand,
can be plus or minus due to the configuration of its four electrons in the outer shell,
which requires a total of eight electrons for completion. The optimum combustion
efficiency (performance) obtained from the Magnetizer application on fuel is first
indicated by the amount of increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) produced, which has been
validated by state emissions control devices. Furthermore, as the pollutants decrease,
the combustion efficiency increases. The drop of HC & CO emissions is easily proven
by comparative gas flue analysis & opacimeter emissions tests. The stoichiometric
tests indicate reduction in hydrocarbon HC (unburned fuel) approx. 75 - up to 92% and
carbon monoxide (CO) up to 99.9%, due to the Magnetizer use. Remember, as HC
goes down, mileage goes up. These results in scientifically measurable emission
reduction/combustion efficiency ratio and an average increase in mileage of 15-25%.
Since the Fuel Energizer saves fuel by increasing combustion efficiency, less CO is
being emitted; thereby, less fuel is being used. In principal, the lowest fuel savings
occur in the range velocity of the maximum torque, when the highest increase of
horsepower can be noted (about 10 HP); the Magnetizer giving a trade-off between
driving a Porsche versus Volkswagen.
Rule 2: Altering the spin properties of the outer shell ("valence") electron
enhances the reactivity of the fuel (and related combustion process). The higher
energized spin state of hydrogen molecule clearly shows a high electrical potential
(reactivity), which attracts additional oxygen. Combustion engineering teaches that
24
additional oxygenation increases combustion efficiency; therefore, by altering the spin
properties of the H2 molecule, we can give rise to its magnetic moment and enhance
the reactivity of the hydrocarbon fuel and ameliorate the related combustion process.
The Magnetizer 's extremely strong magnetic field, with sufficient flux density to
have the required effect on fluid passing through it, substantially changes the isomeric
form of the hydrocarbon atom from its para-hydrogen state to the higher energized,
more volatile, ortho state, thus attracting additional oxygen. Fuel structure and
properties, such as e.g. electrical conductivity, density, viscosity, or light extinction are
changed; its macrostructure beneficially homogenized.
Rule 3 Hydrocarbon molecules form clusters called "associations." It has been
technically possible to enhance van der Waals' discovery due to the application of the
Magnetizer, a high power, permanent magnetic device, strong enough to break down,
i.e. de-cluster these HC associations. They become normalized & independent,
distanced from each other, having bigger surface available for binding (attraction) with
more oxygen (better oxidation). A simple analogy is of burning coal dust and a coal
bricket. There, where one aims at higher efficiency, during the combustion process,
one has to give a molecule the greater access to oxygen. In case of burning of
powdered coal dust, adding of oxygen may even cause explosions. Thus, with our fuel
energizer, the oxygenation and the combustion efficiency increase. Fuel is more active
and dynamic, and the combustion process faster and more complete. These "new"
hydrocarbon molecules have one more important characteristic: they not only dissolve
and eliminate carbon varnish in the combustion chambers, on the surface of jet
nozzles, spark plugs and exhaust pipe, but do not allow new and harmful deposits to
reform. Furthermore, the energizer's work ensures better performance of carburetor or
fuel injectors, makes startups easier, considerably increases driving dynamics, etc. The
power and torque in the whole range of rotational velocity of crankshaft also go up.
25
Figure 8
26
Thanks to de-clustering of hydrogen molecules, in the combustion chamber, increased
saturation & reactivity of the fuel mixture with oxygen is achieved, resulting in a more
complete oxidation of the primary hydrogen element and further oxidation of carbon
(C), the secondary fuel element, since, in accordance with van der Waals discovery of
a weak clustering force, there is a very strong binding of hydrocarbons with oxygen in
such magnetized fuel, which ensures optimal burning of the mixture in the engine
chamber. The positively charged fuel, so to speak, swells, thickens, and needs larger
quantity of air, which is easily remedied by adjusting the change in air/fuel ratio in
carbureted cars.
When we attach the Magnetizer unit to the fuel line of an automobile (before
carburetor, in tandem series, placed 1/4" apart, or in Fuel Injection Systems - on fuel
line to the injectors + before the injection pump; make sure it is not in contact with the
engine's metal parts), we see an immediate (approx. after 5 min., 4-5 miles/6-8 kms
upon start-up) drop in unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide due to the
magnetic conditioning of the fuel which makes it more reactive. As explicitly stated in
our instructions, upon the Magnetizer installation (5-10 minutes thereafter) engine
will undergo the so-called "Stabilization Period", i.e. the time of the gradual
disappearance of prior carbon varnish sediments and the total magnetic saturation of
all ferromagnetic metal parts of the feeding system between the installed energizer and
the combustion chamber in order to fully activate fuel. The initial saturation lasts
about a week (even though in the past we received positive reports already after 2-3
days upon installation), while the complete engine cleaning from the carbon residue
lasts about 30 to 70 days (old engines). On passenger cars this means about 1,000-
1,125 miles (1600-1800 kms) driven (depending on vehicle class, age, internal
cleanliness of its engine, driving habits, etc.), on trucks - about 1,250- 2,000 miles
(2,000-3,200 kms).
When after a month from the correct installation, the improvement is not readily
apparent, it is caused by too little amount of oxygen in the fuel mixture. One has then
to change the dirty or oiled air filter and adjust the carburetor in order to increase the
amount of air in the mixture (make it leaner) or adjust fuel pressure of a diesel pump to
restore the O2 level to where it was prior to the energizer's installation. Fuel injected
27
cars are self-adjustable, with the exception of quite rare cases when the lambda (excess
air) probe has been worn out (needs replacement) and the system "overrides" the
Magnetizer 's action. Ideally, the adjustment should be done by the professional
diagnostic station, which based on the exhaust analysis will optimally adjust the
engine.
Without the adjustment, the Magnetizer can cause the effect reverse from the
required. Also, in the first intensive phase of de-carbonization there may be a
disturbance in the engine's work and unstable fuel consumption caused by the
temporary clogging of jet nozzles by the liquidated deposits. The temporary occlusions
are removed in a natural way. At that time it is not recommended to do the engine
adjustment. However, during the Stabilization Period the periodic oil change is
recommended. Subsequently, one has again to change oil after the Stabilization
Period. Compared to savings during the exploitation of the vehicle and extending the
engine's life, this is a really small investment..
Rule 4 The chief function and purpose of a catalytic converter is to convert
engine's unburned hydrocarbons and reduce by oxidizing (burning), all carbon
monoxide (CO) to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (vapor). A converter neutralizes
exhaust, which has left the combustion chamber of an engine. Such exhaust is less
toxic, but the energy from such an after-burning process is not utilized. While catalytic
converters are designed to function beyond 5 years and 50,000 miles (80,000 kms),
there are problems that can occur (trace amounts of oil escaping to the exhaust, etc.)
that can dramatically shorten their life (destroy them). Example: the sticking-on of an
automatic choke will, within a short period of time, cause catalytic converter to
overheat and go into meltdown due to an excessively rich mixture. The melting of a
catalytic converter will cause the gas passages to clog, which in turn will overheat and
burn the engine exhaust valves.
28
Chapter 5
A Comparison between Catalytic Converter And A Magnetizer
Some early converter designs created a great deal of restriction to the flow of exhaust,
which negatively affected vehicle performance, drivability, and fuel economy.
Because they were used with carburetors incapable of precise fuel/air mixture control,
they could overheat and set fire to flammable materials under the car. Removing a
modern catalytic converter in new condition will only slightly increase vehicle
performance without retuning, but their removal or "gutting" continues. The exhaust
section where the converter was may be replaced with a welded-in section of straight
pipe, or a flanged section of "test pipe" legal for off-road use that can then be replaced
with a similarly fitted converter-choked section for legal on-road use, or emissions
testing. In the U.S. and many other jurisdictions, it is illegal to remove or disable a
catalytic converter for any reason other than its immediate replacement[citation
needed]; vehicles without functioning catalytic converters generally fail emission
inspections. The aftermarket supplies high-flow converters for vehicles with upgraded
engines, or whose owners prefer an exhaust system with larger-than-stock capacity.
Warm-Up Period
Many Catalytic converters have a long warm-up time, of up to thirty minutes [citation
needed].
Environmental impact
Catalytic converters have proven to be reliable and effective in reducing noxious
tailpipe emissions. However, they may have some adverse environmental impacts in
use:
The requirement for a rich burn engine to run at the stoichiometric point means it
uses more fuel than a "lean burn" engine running at a mixture of 20:1 or less. This
increases the amount of fossil fuel consumed and the carbon dioxide emissions of the
vehicle. However, NOx control on lean burn engines is problematic.
Although catalytic converters are effective at removing hydrocarbons and other
harmful emissions, they do not solve the fundamental problem created by burning a
fossil fuel. In addition to water, the main combustion product in exhaust gas leaving
29
the engine — through a catalytic converter or not — is carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon
dioxide produced from fossil fuels is one of the greenhouse gases indicated by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to be a "most likely" cause of
global warming. Additionally, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
stated catalytic converters are a significant and growing cause of global warming, due
to their release of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas over 300 times more potent
than carbon dioxide.
Catalytic converter production requires palladium and/or platinum; part of the
world supply of these precious metals is produced near the Russian city of Norilsk,
where the industry (among others) has caused Norilsk to be added to Time Magazine's
list of most polluted places. Theft
Due to the external location and the use of valuable precious metals including
platinum, palladium, and rhodium, converters are a target for thieves. The problem is
especially common among late-model Toyota trucks and SUVs, due to their high
ground clearance and easily-removed bolt-on catalytic converters. Welded-in
converters are also at risk of theft from SUVs and trucks, as they can be easily
removed. Theft removal of the converter can often inadvertently damage the car‘s
wiring or fuel line resulting in dangerous consequences. Rises in metal costs in the
United States during recent years have led to a large increase in theft incidents of the
converter, which can then cost as much as $1000 to replace.
1 Most catalytic converters require air pumps to initiate catalysis. Air pumps rob
power from the engine, reduce fuel economy, and are costly to install. Catalytic
converters with air pumps reduce gas mileage - the Magnetizer increases gas mileage
and performance.
2 Catalytic converters require a light-off temperature to be attained before they
become operative (between 3 to 5 miles). Cold converter does not work, so the exhaust
fumes right after start-up are equally toxic as without it. The Magnetizer is
instantaneous.
3 Catalytic converters are subject to meltdown under rich gas mixtures - the
Magnetizer is not. It is a fully permanent device.
30
4 The Magnetizer can easily be transferred from car to car with almost no
labor. Converters cannot.
5 The Magnetizer units cost a fraction of the cost of the catalytic converter
system.
6 Since catalytic converters reduce power and eventually go bad, they are
subject to being removed; they are often not replaced because of the high cost and
reduced engine performance.
7 Use of the unleaded gas does eliminate the problem of the most toxic lead
compounds, but there is an increase in the air of other carcinogenic substances; the
exhaust problem comes around. Very often unleaded gas is transported in the same
tank trucks that carry "normal" gasoline with the lead additives. From daily practice
we know that even trace quantities of lead are sufficient to destroy ("poison") a
converter. As a result, the amount of toxic substances released to the atmosphere can
subsequently increase. The Magnetizer works well and with excellent results on all
types of fuel - unleaded, as well as leaded gasoline, diesel, or liquid petroleum gas
(LPG).
8 Catalytic converters have a finite lifetime under optimal conditions, shorter
under adverse conditions. It is important to note that although it takes a bit of time for
31
the Magnetizer fuel system to stabilize; one finds the "Magnetizer Energizer Systems"
constantly work better and better as time goes on (see the comment on the
"Stabilization Period" below).
9 The Magnetizer is totally friendly to the environment. The converter is not
fully so. The traces of oil that escape to exhaust not only can destroy the action of a
converter (the car becoming instantly a polluter), but what is even worse, they are the
cause of small amount of highly toxic chemical compounds such as prussic acid;
sulphureted hydrogen; and platinum compounds released to the atmosphere. As
emphatically stated by Hannover-based, world-renowned German scientist, Dr. Hans
A. Nieper, President of the German Society of Oncology, et al., and author of 320
scientific articles, essays, & books: "First of all, all catalytic converters should be
removed from cars as soon as possible". The reason - nerve gas (phosphoric esters)
being generated by the automotive catalytic converters. Those interested further are
referred to Dr. Nieper's article "Nerve Gas from Catalytic Converters", which appeared
in the September 1995 issue of the NEXUS magazine. Waver Motors port Co. from
Poland offers the highest quality engine tuning with the use of the American
measuring devices, "Super chips," in one of the most modern test benches in Europe
called "Super flow".
The owner of Waver, Mr. Andrzej Zajàc, did an experiment by putting the
Magnetizer on Engine Energizer System on and ... cutting off a catalytic converter on
his Opel Calibra Turbo. The results have been "unbelievable": CO on idle went down
from 0.5 to 0.2, HC lowered from 100 to 70, and the car, which should burn 15 liters
per 100 km (15.9 miles per gallon) uses now, according to information received from
Mr. A. Zajàc, 11 liters per 100 km (21.7 miles per gallon) - almost a 27% fuel saving.
As related in stoichiometric charts representing ideal combustion parameters (see
below), the highest burning efficiency will be achieved at the highest carbon dioxide
level, since carbon dioxide cannot be subsequently oxidized. The amazing part is that
apart from the "converter-less" carbureted cars, the Magnetizer reduces emissions on
cars with catalytic converters. The increased combustion efficiency is occurring within
the engine due to increased fuel reactivity with oxygen (increased oxidation), the main
factor responsible for increased combustion efficiency. It is a complete waste to allow
32
an engine to run inefficiently and to burn the excess carbon monoxide in its catalytic
converter, the wasted heat merely "heating up" the exhaust system instead of providing
useful work within the engine. By establishing the correct fuel burning parameters
through proper magnetic means, we can be assured that an internal combustion engine
is getting the maximum energy per gallon of fuel, as well as providing the
environment with the lowest possible level of toxic emissions.
Magnetizer
Figure 10
33
Chapter 6
Oxides Of Nitrogen And The Magnetizer Fuel Treatment
One of the chief reasons for the Magnetizer to have possibility to lower the NOx
level, as reported elsewhere, is due to the low reactivity of nitrogen gas. If we can bind
up all the available oxygen with the hydrocarbon fuel, there simply will be no oxygen
left over to form the unwanted nitrogen compounds. It appears that magnetic treatment
is the simplest means of achieving this feat.
One of the main components of photochemical smog is nitric oxide or to be more
precise, oxides of nitrogen; oxygen depending on heat and pressure can form in
differing combinations with nitrogen other than the specific nitric oxide formula.
Nitric oxide is a colorless gas produced by high temperature combustion; however,
when it encounters extra oxygen in the presence of air and sunlight it readily converts
to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Nitrogen dioxide is the reddish brown haze that we
associate with smog. The formula for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) looks quite similar to the
formula for carbon dioxide, but we must bear in mind that carbon dioxide cannot
support combustion while nitrogen dioxide can. Nitrogen dioxide is very poisonous
since the threshold lethal volume (TLV) is 3 ppm, while carbon dioxide still classified
as poisonous, as a TLV of 5,000 ppm, while carbon monoxide's TLV is 50 ppm. It is
quite shocking to know that nitrogen dioxide is the major component of smog and is
approximately 16 times more poisonous than carbon monoxide.
As one can readily see, the reduction of nitrogen dioxide in our atmosphere is of
paramount importance. The peculiar problem in designing engines for air pollution is
in order to fully burn all the hydrocarbons in the combustion cylinder, operating
temperatures of the cylinders have had to be increased. While older engines may have
produced relatively large quantities of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide,
they produced low quantities of oxides of nitrogen. Also, with the renewed interest in
performance engines, compression ratios are creeping upward again, and once again
the mechanism for producing higher levels of nitrogen toxins is increased. Similarly,
turbo charging effectively alters the compression ratio of a vehicle, further adding to
the nitrogen problem.
34
It is most disturbing that automobile makers as well as clean air legislators have not
been concerned about this growing problem. State emissions inspection stations aren't
concerned. The lack of concern is that the basic issue has not been addressed as one of
the major problems.
Now, there is available a technologically sound means for reducing the "oxides of
nitrogen" problem. The solution is the MAGNETIZER. As documented by tests, 'the
magnetic treatment of fuel has reduced the production of NOx by 20% and more. One
of the chief reasons is due to the low reactivity of nitrogen gas. If we can bind up all
the available oxygen with the hydrocarbon fuel, there simply will be no oxygen left
over to form the unwanted nitrogen compounds. It appears that magnetic treatment is
the simplest means of achieving this feat. As documented by numerous state certified
emissions tests, MAGNETIZER fuel treatment has shown decreases in unburned
hydrocarbon by 75-100% and carbon monoxide reductions of 90-100%.
Stoichiometrically, there is very little oxygen left to produce any additional toxic
compounds with nitrogen.
Applying a magnetic field to ionizing fuel to be fed to combustion devices we can
ensure more complete combustion, obtaining a maximization of the fuel economy,
improving the fuel efficiency and reducing polluting emissions.
The fuel is subject to the lines of forces from permanent magnets mounted on fuel inlet
lines. The magnet for producing the magnetic field is oriented so that its South pole
(red) is located adjacent the fuel line and its North pole (blue) is located spaced apart
from the fuel line.
35
The magnetic field strength must be at a higher Gauss level (500 Gauss) since it may
be demagnetized to some extent before reaching the combustion chamber.
How it works.
Most fuels for internal combustion engines are liquid. But liquid fuels don't combust
till they are vaporized and mixed with air.
Currently regulated gas emissions from motor vehicles are unburned hydrocarbon
(HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Unburned HC and NOx
react in the atmosphere to form photo-chemical smog. Smog is highly oxidizing in the
environment and is the prime cause of eye and throat irritation, bad odor, plant
damage, and decreased visibility. Oxides of Nitrogen are also toxic. CO impairs blood
capability to carry oxygen to the brain, resulting in slower reaction times and impaired
judgment.
Fuel mainly consists of hydrocarbons. Groupings of hydrocarbons, when flowing
through a magnetic field, change their orientations of magnetization in a direction
opposite to that of the magnetic field. The molecules of hydrocarbon change their
configuration. At the same time intermolecular force is considerably reduced or
depressed. These mechanisms are believed to help to disperse oil particles and to
become finely divided. In addition, hydrogen ions in fuel and oxygen ions in air or
steam are magnetized to form magnetic domains which are believed to assist in
atomizing fuel into finer particles.
Figure 11
36
Generally a liquid or gas fuel used for an internal combustion engine is composed of a
set of molecules. Each molecule includes a number of atoms, which is composed of a
nucleus and electrons orbiting around their nucleus. The molecules have magnetic
moments in themselves, and the rotating electrons cause magnetic phenomena. Thus,
positive (+) and negative (-) electric charges exists in the fuel's molecules. For this
reason, the fuel particles of the negative and positive electric charges are not split into
more minute particles. Accordingly, the fuels are not actively interlocked with oxygen
during combustion, thereby causing incomplete combustion. To improve the above,
the fuels have been required to be decomposed and ionized. The ionization of the fuel
particles is accomplished by the supply of magnetic force from a magnet
37
The resultant conditioned fuel / air mixture magnetized burns more completely,
producing higher engine output, better fuel economy, more power and most
importantly reduces the amount of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of
nitrogen in the exhaust. Another benefits if these devices is that magnetically charged
fuel molecules with opposite polarities dissolve carbon build-up in carburetor jets, fuel
Figure 12
38
injectors, and combustion chambers help to clean up the engine and maintain the clean
condition.
As documented by numerous state certified emissions tests, the Magnetizer fuel
treatment has shown decreases in unburned hydrocarbon by 75-100% and CO
reductions of 90-100%. Stoichiometrically, there is very little oxygen left to produce
any additional toxic compounds with nitrogen.
39
CHAPTER 7
APPLICATIONS OF FUEL ENERGIZER
Agricultural use of magnetizer
Magnetizer at Work
The survival of modern man requires new approaches to the growing demands on an
already polluted and depleted eco-system. The Magnetizer Group's breakthrough of its
powerful magnetic mono-pole technology is meeting the new agricultural
requirements with dramatic results.
The Concept
Scientists at the Department of Mineral Engineering, Technion - I.I.T. in Israel, and
MAGNETIZER researchers worldwide confirm that the principle of magneto-
hydrodynamics (MHD) lowers surface tension of water, creating greater solubility and
penetration which stimulates root systems. Over time, soil compacts, this restricts the
root growth. Crop Booster treated water de-clods and breaks up the compressed soil
giving the roots freedom to grow and absorb nutrients more quickly. In drip irrigation,
the mineral/scale barrier, known as the bowl effect, is dissolved thereby enabling and
encouraging the root cilia to grow and expand farther into the soil. The rigorous and
maximized efficiency of the root system excited by the electro-motive forces of the
Crop Booster promotes healthier, bigger and quicker plant growth.
Use in automobiles
The Fuel Energizer
The Fuel Energizer is a frequency resonator that uses Neodymium Super Conductor
Magnets, which break and then realign the hydrocarbon chains in the fuel passing
through the fuel line of your vehicle. The magnetic field created by the Fuel Energizer
ionizes the fuel being fed to the engine, which itself produces a more complete
combustion, maximizes fuel economy, improves fuel efficiency and reduces polluting
emissions.
40
By installing these Neodymium Super Conductor Magnets close to your
carburetor/injection system, your vehicle will start to feel the result of the Resonance
frequency of the Neodymium Super Conductor Magnets and by making the fuel flow
smoother your engine will run more efficiently. The way to ensure that you will gain
the best results from The Fuel Energizer is by following the easy "Golden Seven Steps
Rule".
Special Benefits of The Fuel Energizer:
• Upto 28% Fuel saving on your mileage per litre
• Increased acceleration
• Reduction in AC drag
• Upto 40% Reduction in Carbon Monoxide emissions
• Reduction in exhaust smoke
• Extends your engine life, cleans out carbon deposits
• Upto 30% increase in life of your catalytic convertor exhaust system
• A smoother running engine
Figure 13
41
The Fuel Energizer can be used in
Table 1
Buses Cars Trucks
Scooter Generator Motor Cycles
Ambulance Gas Cylinders Auto rickshaw
Locomotives / Trains Earth Moving Equipment Construction Equipment
The Fuel Energizer can be fitted to all cars, scooters, motorcycles, auto-rickshaws,
buses, ambulances, trucks, earthmoving equipment, generators, and
locomotives/trains. With larger capacity engines such as large truck and bus engines,
we recommend that you consult your local dealer, as more than one Fuel Energizer is
often used with such large engines so as to optimize both efficiency and fuel saving....
The Fuel Energizer is all about "fuel efficiency". You will note that increased
horsepower is not one of the advantages we claim. However, it is common to find a
horsepower increase of up to 5%.....
Water magnetizer
A simple and effective patented magnetic water conditioner is now available for your
Swimming Pool, Spa or Hot Tub. By simply strapping the QUANTUM Conditioner
on the return line to the Pool, Spa or Hot Tub, laboratory tests prove that the magnetic
effect reduces sanitizing chemical usage by 30% to 50% while stabilizing pH, thereby
saving you money. The QUANTUM Conditioner helps to eliminate algae, keep water
clean and improve the clarity of your Pool or Spa.
42
Swimming Pool users report no more scum caused by body oils. No more mineral
build-up on swimming pool walls caused by iron and other hard water minerals. The
result is a more luxurious swim due to less chemical irritation to the eyes and skin,
silky soft water.
The QUANTUM Swimming Pool Conditioner operates automatically, continuously
and permanently using no external power source, and has no moving parts to wear out.
Less time is spent maintaining the Swimming Pool or Spa and more time enjoying it.
The QUANTUM Swimming Pool or Spa Conditioner creates a positive charge in the
water dissolving hard water minerals. This removes ugly scale, protects equipment and
allows for your heater to operate at scale free, peak efficiency - saving you many
energy dollars
All this makes QUANTUM Conditioner for the Swimming Pool or Spa the natural
Green Technology way to enjoy your Swimming Pool, Spa or Hot Tub. A LIFETIME
power warranty, a lifetime of savings, and elegantly conditioned water are the benefits.
Figure 15
43
Energizer in refrigeration
Our refrigerator magnets are a permanent flexible magnetic material available in sheet,
strip, and extrusion forms; standard or custom die-cuts; manufactured to satisfy
Figure 16
Figure 17
44
specific processing requirements. Magnum Magnetics refrigerator magnets provide an
alternative material for printing and holding applications.
Refrigerator magnets are used for advertising specialties; hobbies; sales promotions;
printing; crafts; novelties; toys; games; die-cutting; graphics; hand lettering; hot
stamping; teaching aids; decorative magnets; and magnetic business cards. Printers,
marketers, salespeople, teachers, and hobbyists all use refrigerator magnets.
Magnum Magnetics manufactures flexible magnetic material used to create
refrigerator magnets. Our ability to customize the refrigerator magnets (strength,
thickness, surface, shape, etc.) for specific applications and processes; our ability to
customize packaging; our superior customer service; and our competitive prices make
us superior.
45
Conclusion
By establishing correct fuel burning parameters through proper magnetic means (Fuel
Energizer) we can assume that an internal combustion engine is getting maximum
energy per liter as well as environment with lowest possible level toxic emission.
Nowadays the fuel magnetizers find their extensive use in
• Gas fired boilers
• Heating systems
• Diesel vehicle engines
• Marine engines
The efficient burning of fuel reduces the CO2 emissions and renders the engine
environmentally safe and user friendly.
Also the magnetizers support a non-invasive installation.
Magnetizer industrial technologies ascribes to generally accepted and well known
physical dictation of the science of magnetic fuel conditioning.
BT establishing proper fuel burning parameters by magnetic means we can be assured
that the internal combustion engine is getting the maximum energy per gallon of fuel
as well as providing the environment with the lowest levels of toxic emissions.
Overall toxic emissions will drop due to better overall engine efficiency.
46
References
• http://www.magnetizer.com/tech9.html#top
• http://www.tinet.cat/~sje/mag_fuel.htm
• http://www.aalizwel.com/seminarreports.php
• http://www.google.co.in
top related