from particles to solutions

From Particles to Solutions

• MATTER is anything that has mass and takes up space

• CHEMISTRY is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes

The Particle Theory of Matter

• Describes the composition and behaviour of matter

• There are 5 main postulates:

The Particle Theory of Matter

1. All matter is made up of tiny particles

The Particle Theory of Matter

2. Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles

The Particle Theory of Matter

3. Spaces between particles are large compared to the size of the particles themselves

The Particle Theory of Matter

4. Particles are always moving; they move faster as temperature increases

The Particle Theory of Matter

5. Particles attract each other

ClassifyingMatter

CLASSIFYING MATTER• Matter can be classified by….

solid liquid gas

…its state.

CLASSIFYING MATTER• Matter can be classified by….

…its state.

…its color.

CLASSIFYING MATTER• Matter can be classified by….

…its state.

…its color.

…its uses.

CLASSIFYING MATTER• Matter can be classified by….

…its state.

…its color.

…its uses.

…and any of its other properties.

• BUT we will be classifying matter according to its___________ and __________ of ________.composition distribution particles

CLASSIFYING MATTER

matter • Has mass and volume.

pure substance mixture• Made up of only one type of particle.

element compound

element • Made up of all the same particles called atoms.

Au gold

Au Au

Au Au

• Most elements are made of all the same individual atoms.

Ni Ni

Ni Ni

Ni nickel

O2 oxygen gas

H H

element • Made up of all the same particles called _______.

H2 hydrogen gasAu gold

Au Au

Au Au

O O O O

H H

• Most elements are made of all the same individual atoms.

• SEVEN elements have two of the same atoms bonded together. These are called diatomic molecules.

Ni Ni

Ni Ni

Ni nickel

H2

O2

Br2

F2

I2N2

Cl2

hydrogen

oxygen

bromine

fluorine

iodine

nitrogen

chlorine

H H

O O

atoms

element •Elements are listed on the periodic table

platinum

iodine

chlorine mercurymanganesesodium

• Made of the same particles (called atoms).

CLASSIFYING MATTER

matter • Has mass and volume.

pure substance mixture• Made of only one type of particle.

element compound

• Made up of all the same particles called molecules.•Each molecule is made of two or more different atoms combined in fixed proportions.

compound

H HO

H2O water

H2O2

hydrogenperoxide

OCO

OCO

OCOH H

OH H

O

H HO O

H HO O

H HO O

C O C O

C O

CO2 carbon dioxide

CO carbon monoxide

compound

C6H12O6 glucose

CH4 methane

C6H6 benzeneC3H8 propane

NH

HH

NH3 ammonia

• Examples of common compounds.

• Made of the same particles (called atoms).

CLASSIFYING MATTER

matter • Has mass and volume.

pure substance mixture• Only 1 type of particle.

element compound• Made of the same molecules (2 or more different atoms combined).

• Made of 2+ different particles/ substances mixed together.

heterogeneous mixture

homogeneous mixture

homogeneous mixtureheterogeneous mixture• Made up of different particles that are ___________________.

• Made up of different particles which are ______________________.

OR

uniformly distributedNOT uniformly distributed

homogeneous mixture• Made up of different particles that are ___________________.uniformly distributed

• The different particles are so small that they evenly mix with one another.

homogeneous mixture

wine

alloys: homogeneous mixtures of metals

bronze: copper, tin

stainless steel: iron, carbon,

chromium

brass: copper, zinc

teasalt water

18K gold: gold, silver,

copper

• Also called a solution.

air: a mixture of gases (N2 and O2 mostly)

• Made up of different particles that are ___________________.uniformly distributed

• The different particles are so small that they evenly mix with one another.

heterogeneous mixture• Made up of different particles which are _____________ ___________.

OR

NOT uniformly distributed

• The different particles are so large that do not evenly mix with one another, or they are chemically unable to mix with one another.

heterogeneous mixture• Made up of different particles which are _____________ ___________.

OR

blood

sand

tomatojuice

salad

laundry NOT uniformly distributed

salad dressing

• Made of the same particles (called atoms).

CLASSIFYING MATTER

matter • Has mass and volume.

pure substance mixture• Only 1 type of particle.

element compound• Made of the same molecules (2 or more different atoms combined).

• Made of 2+ different particles/ substances mixed together.

heterogeneous mixture

homogeneous mixture

• Made of different particles NOT uniformly distributed.

• Made of different particles uniformly distributed.Eg. Solution, alloy mechanical mixture suspension

but will _________into _____________ over time. different phases

mechanical mixture suspension• The different types of particles ______________

• The different particles __________ _____

Are these mechanical mixtures or suspensions?

and ________ into ____________________.

tomato juice

mud paint blood

laundrysalad flour and water

oil and vinegar

sand

appears homogeneous settle outdistinctly visible phases

separatedon’t blend wellblend fairly

well and ___________________

mechanical mixture suspension

• Because particles in a suspension are small they will initially mix together, but since they are larger than those in a solution, they don’t stay evenly mixed over time.

but will _________into _____________ over time. different phases

• The different types of particles ______________

• The different particles __________ _____ and ________

into ____________________.appears homogeneous

settle outdistinctly visible phasesseparatedon’t blend well

blend fairlywell and ___________________

CLASSIFYING MATTER

matter • Has mass and volume.

pure substance mixture

element compound heterogeneous mixture

homogeneous mixture

• Made of different particles NOT uniformly distributed.

mechanical mixture suspension• particles separate into distinctly visible ‘phases’.

•particles blend well, appear homogeneous but settle into phases over time.

• Made of the same molecules (2 or more different atoms combined).

• Made of the same particles (called atoms).

• Made of different particles uniformly distributed.

• Only 1 type of particle.

• Made of 2+ different particles/ substances mixed together.

Homework

• Read pages 175-178, complete questions 1-6 for homework.

• Study for ‘science skills’ quiz!– All material covered from March 18-March 25