french renaissance[1]
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French Renaissance
“French Renaissance” is a term used to describe a
cultural and artistic movement in France from the late
15th century to the early 17th century. The French
Renaissance (roughly) extends from the French invasion
of Italy in 1494 during the reign of Charles VIII to the
reign of Henry IV in 1610.
The reigns of Francis I of France (from 1515 to 1547), his
son Henry II (from 1547 to 1559) and Louis XIII Style
(1589-1643) are generally considered the apex periods
of the French Renaissance.
Notable developments during the French Renaissance
include; the beginning of the absolutism in France, the
spread of humanism; early exploration of the "New
World" (as by Giovanni da Verrazano and Jacques
Cartier); the importing (from Italy, Burgundy and
elsewhere) and development of new techniques and
artistic forms in the fields of printing, architecture,
painting, sculpture, music, the sciences and vernacular
literature; and the elaboration of new codes of
sociability, etiquette and discourse.
Architecture
Types of public and private buildings include the
Chateau, churches, hotels, and public buildings. Henry IV
institutes Italian urban planning concepts in Paris.
French squares are frameworks for private houses.
Chateaus, as country houses, are sited within natural
landscapes featuring long vistas; many are located on
high hills and/or along rivers.
Exteriors of chateaux exhibit symmetry,
an Italian bay system, windows placed
directly over one another, and
horizontal emphasis from cornices and
sting courses.
Chateau de S. Agil
Palais de Fontainebleau
Palace of Versailles
Churches continue the Latin cross plan. The plan at
Chambord develops as a fortified
rectangular compound with a central
courtyard and corner turrets. In it, the
main building has a Greek cross and
introduces the apartment, which is a
suite of rooms consisting of
antechamber, chamber, and cabinet.
The apartment and salon characterize
French domestic architecture for the
next 200 years.
Stone is the most preferred building
material followed by brick. Roofs are usually of slate.
Vernacular buildings commonly adopt briquette entre
Poteau constr
uction or
pierrotage
Interiors
The first French Renaissance interiors were created at
Fontainebleau in the 1530s by Italian artists
Rosso Fiorentino and Francesco Primaticcio.
Characteristics include slender nymphs with clinging
drapery, garlands, scrolls and strap work. There were not
heavily followed; interiors continue to feature Gothic and
classical
elements.
Doors, windows, and stairways are important features of
French renaissance interiors.
Galeire de Francois I, Palais de Fontainebleau
Galeire de Francois I, Palais de Fontainebleau-
Large and prominent chimneypieces are also the focal
points of this period.
It does not have classical proportions, but entablatures,
pilasters, and columns shapes the overall design.
In the Interiors the Decoration is generally concentrated
on the floor, walls, and ceiling of a room. Very few
furnishings were used in interiors.
The ceilings were generally Beamed embellished with
carving or with brightly colored stripes, arabesques, or
other repeated motifs. Plastered ceilings were usually
plain.
Characteristics of French Renaissance
Furniture:
Escabelle Same as sgabello.
Caquetoire Mostly used by women, scaled lightly
wooden chair with a tail, narrow paneled back attached
to a trapezoid seat.
Armoire Wardrobe cabinet that is movable
Commode Chest of drawers.
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