fraud awareness workshop 2015
Post on 13-Aug-2015
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Fraud&Awareness&Workshop&
Iyad&Mourtada,&CIA,&CFE,&CMA,&CCSA,&CRMA,&CPLP,&M.A.&
E x c e p ? o n a l & L e a r n i n g & E x p e r i e n c e & &
Case&Study:&Nick&Leeson&&
Case&Study:&Nick&Leeson&&
• Leeson&did&an&unauthorized&specula?ve&trading&that&Bankrupted&the&233Jyear&old&Barings&Bank&of&London&
• Losses&eventually&reached&£827&million&&
&&&&(US$1.4&billion)&
Lesson&Learned: &&
• Controls&should&be&in&place&
• There&should&be&ongoing&Monitoring&&
• There&should&be&segrega?on&of&du?es&
The Institute of Internal Auditors
"Any illegal act characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust. These acts are not dependent upon threat of violence or physical force. Frauds are perpetrated by parties and organizations to obtain money, property, or services; to avoid payment or loss of services; or to secure personal or business advantage”
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
"The use of one's occupation for personal enrichment through the deliberate misuse or misapplication of the employing organization's resources or assets.”
Occupa?onal&Fraud&and&Abuse&
Asset&&Misappropria?ons&
Corrup?on&Fraudulent&Statements&
Conflicts of Interest
Bribery
Illegal Gratuities
Economic Extortion
Inventory & All Other Assets
Cash
Nonfinancial
Financial
Fraud&Policy&
Internal Control “Internal&control&is&a&process,&effected&by&an&en?ty’s&board&of&directors,&management,&and&other&personnel,&designed&to&provide&reasonable&assurance®arding&the&achievement&of&objec?ves&rela?ng&to&opera?ons,&repor?ng,&and&compliance.”&
Who&is&responsible&for&Internal&Controls?&
• Board&of&Director&&&&&&&&&________________&• Senior&Management&&&________________&
• Management&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&________________&
• Internal&Auditor&&&&&&&&&&&________________&
What is the Control Process
1. &Establish&Standards&&2. &Measure&Performance&&
3. &Analysis&the&Gap&4. &Reappraise&the&Standard&5. &Correct&the&Performance&&
“&The&Central&Purchasing&will&handle&all&purchases&$2,500&worth&of&business&per&dayJplus&a&small&addi?onal&margin&for&tax&and&deliveryJ&is&going&to&any&one&supplier.”&&
Legal&Elements&of&Fraud&
!1.#A#material#false#statement##2.#Knowledge#that#the#statement#was#false#when#it#was#spoken#
3.#Reliance#on#the#false#statement#by#the#victim##4.#Damages#resulting#from#the#victim’s#reliance#on#the#false#statement#
Hard&Control&vs.&Sof&Control&
Evalua?ng&Hard&Internal&Controls&
• Exist&/&Don’t&Exist&&• Adequate&/&Not&Adequate&&• Working&&/&Not&Working&&
• Test&of&Control&
ControlJSelf&&
Assessment&&
Segrega?on&of&Du?es&
Segrega?on&of&Du?es&
• Authority!!• Recording!!• Custody!!• Reconcilia4on!!
Three!lines!of!Defense!!
PAST&PERFORMANCE&IS&NO&GUARANTEE&OF&FUTURE&
RESULTS,&AND&ANY&PROJECTIONS&MAY&NOT&REFLECT&ACTUAL&FUTURE&PERFORMANCE.&
Playing&the&&Forecas?ng&Game&&using&Hockey&S?cks&&
Performance&Measures,&Incen?ves,&and&Rewards&
Source:&IRM&
ASK:&&Why?&
Profit is an Estimate !
Assumptions (What music notes to include) Estimates (Where to include) !
You may assume that they$re accurate down to the last dollar. Not true! The balance in the cash account is exact, but virtually every other number you see in a financial report is based on an estimate. !
Increase Revenue(Revenue Recognition)
Round&Trip&Recipe&&
Company& Vender&
PreJPaid&Services&4&Million&&
Current&Revenue&1&Million&&&
Reporting&more&revenue&&
Deferral&of&Revenue&Recipe&&
Customer&
Balance&Sheet&Unearned&Revenue&&2&Million&
1&Million&
Manipulating&revenue&&Current&Revenue&&
- Sold equipment on four-year leases, including service and maintenance. - Booked all the revenues up front. - Xerox mis-stated four years' worth of profits, resulting in an overstatement of close to $6bn.
Reduce Expenses(Matching Principle)
Capitalize&Expenses&Recipe&&
Expenses&Balance&Sheet&Capital&8&Million&
8&Million&
Income&Satement&&Expenses&
- Took a pretax charge -a one-time write off- of 3.54 billion against its earnings
- Grow rapidly by buying other garbage companies. But didn't know to run them. - Changed the depreciation of their 20,000 tracks from 8-10 years to 12-15 years and did the same for their 1.5 million dumpsters
�" ��� ��� �� ����� �� !�� ��������� ���� ��� ������"�� ����� ������ ��� ���� �������� �" ��� �� ��� �������!
�� �� ����� ��� ������" �������� �� ��� �������� ��� ������� �" ����� ���!��� �� ��" ���� ��� ����� �����!
Underreporting #line costs$ (interconnection expenses with other telecommunication companies) by capitalizing these costs on the balance sheet rather than properly expensing them.
� �������!!
Who controls your organization? !
Are the accountants making the right judgment decisions? !
Inves?ga?on&Strategy&
$115,000&in&Expenses&for&one&year&
8 Absolute&Trust&8 No&Review&&8 No&Details&8 No&Suppor?ng&Documents&8 No&control&&&&
Defini4on!of!Fraud!!
How Occupational Fraud is Committed
108
How Occupational Fraud is Committed
109
How Occupational Fraud is Committed
110
Duration of Fraud Schemes
111
Duration of Fraud Schemes
112
Initial Detection of Occupational Frauds
113
Source of Tips
114
Impact of Hotlines
115
Detection Method by Region
116
Type of Victim Organization
117
Type of Victim Organization
118
Size of Victim Organization
119
Size of Victim Organization
120
Industry of Victim Organization
121
Industry of Victim Organization
122
Schemes by Industry
123
Corruption Cases by Industry
124
Anti-Fraud Controls at the Victim Organization
125
Anti-Fraud Controls by Region
126
Anti-Fraud Controls by Region
127
Control Weaknesses That Contributed to Fraud
128
Perpetrator’s Position
129
Perpetrator’s Position
130
Perpetrator’s Position
131
Position of Perpetrator Based on Region
132
Position of Perpetrator Based on Region
133
Position of Perpetrator Based on Region
134
The Impact of Collusion
135
Methods of Fraud Based on Number of Perpetrators
136
Perpetrator’s Age
137
Perpetrator’s Age
138
Perpetrator’s Gender
139
Perpetrator’s Gender Based on Region
140
Median Losses Based on Gender
141
Position of Perpetrator Based on Gender
142
Perpetrator’s Department
143
Perpetrator’s Department
144
Behavioral Red Flags Displayed by Perpetrators
145
Recovery of Losses
146
Fraud&Examina?on&&&&&
Fraud&examination&is#a#methodology#developed#by#ACFE#for#resolving#fraud#allegations#from#inception#to#disposition,#including#obtaining#evidence,#interviewing,#writing#reports,#testifying#to#Findings,#and#assisting#in#the#detection#and#prevention#of#fraud.##
Fraud&Examiner&&&&&&&
&&&&&Lawyer&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Accountant&&
&
&
Criminologist&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Investigator&&
#
Cer?fied&Fraud&Examiner&(CFE)&
&&&! 10&hours&to&complete&the&CFE&Exam.&&! Each§ion&is&allocated&a&maximum&of&2.6&hours&to&complete.&&! Each&of&the&four&exam§ions&has&125&questions.&! You&will&have&a&maximum&of&75&seconds&to&answer&each&question.&! You&have&30&days&to&complete&all&four§ions&of&the&CFE&Exam.&! You&must&complete&each§ion&in&one&sitting.&&
###• Fraud Prevention and Deterrence
• Financial Transactions
• Fraud Investigation
• Legal Elements of Fraud
Cer?fied&Fraud&Examiner&(CFE)&
151
OpenThinking&is&an&&ACFE&Authorized&Trainer&in&the&&UAE&and&Qatar&&
Cer?fied&Fraud&Examiner&(CFE)&
#Get Certified
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