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France
Global Business
Professor Baldridge
Country Analysis Paper
Beth McGinnis
December 11, 2013
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Table of Contents
FRENCH HISTORY TIMELINE ................................................................................................................2
GEOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................................... 13
DEMOGRAPHICS .............................................................................................................................. 22
POLITICAL/LEGAL ............................................................................................................................. 33
ECONOMIC OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 48
STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITY, THREATS (SWOT) ANALYSIS ................................................. 64
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 66
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French History Timeline
France has enriched historical events since the Romans conquered France. The historical events
will be broken-down chronologically.
Prehistory (-200BC)
Homo erectus who lived around 950,000 B.C., was the first human found in France. At the end
of Ice Age, prehistoric man began to settle down in agricultural settlements (Neolithic
Revolution). The Celts came from Central Europe and settle in Gaul around 2500 B.C. The
Celts: Iron workers. It was reigned Gaul around until 125 B.C. when the Roman Empire
conquered in southern France. (French History Time , 2013)
Antiquity (200 BC481)
Julius Caesar commanded the Romans invaded in Gaul during the Gallic Wars (58-51 BC).
Augusta was an emperor of Rome. Two hundred years of peace and prosperity as the Pox
Romani. In the 2ndcentury, Romans brought Christianity into Gaul. In the 3rdcentury, the Roman
Empire declined. In the 4thcentury, Barbarian invaders from the East as the Franks, The Vandals
and Visigoths. People were so afraid for their lives and safety, so the people started making
friends with lords in exchange for protection from the barbarians. The Medieval Age began to
emerge. In France, Christianity received boost when Clovis, King of the Franks, converted to
Christianity. The Clovis reign help to stabilize and unity in France. However it was contributed
to fragmentation, because Clovis divided up the territory as gifts and rewards (French History
Time , 2013).
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The Roman Empire: The yellow shows Transapline Gaul. The green shows the remainder
of the Empire (France Empire Map, 1999-2013)
Middle Ages (481-1453)
Charles Martel was the first leader of the Carolingian dynasty. The Frankish kingdom was
expanded and stopped the Muslim advance in 732. He was succeeded by Pepin II. Its called
Pepin the Short. Charlemagne (742-814) expanded the Frankish kingdom. Charlemagne was not
only as a military leader, but he was a great supporter of education and arts. There was a
Carolingian renaissance during Charlemagnes rule, too. After his death, the kingdom was
divided. Sadly, all of Charlemagnes sons died except for the Louis the Pious reigned for 30
years and managed to keep the kingdom together. After Louiss death, there was difference
alliances formed around Louis three sons: Lothar, Louis the German, and Charles the Bald.
Brothers Louis and Charles agreed to keep the lands where they were very powerfulLouis in
German areas and Charles in Frankish areas. Lothar had unorganized lands in the middle. The
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Treaty of Verdun was created by Louis and Charles. The Carolingian dynasty ended in 987 when
Hugh Capet was elected to the throne of France in the beginning of the Capetain Dynasty.
In 1066, the Norman invasion of England, France came under English rule. By 1453, after the
Hundred Years war, France finally drove all English out. In this war, the French kings lost lots
of power to French nobles: however Louis IX, who reigned from 1461 to 1483, laid the
foundations for absolute rule by French kings (In Philip's World Factbook , 2008).
Map of Charlemagnes Empire, Circa 800 AD(France Empire Map, 1999-2013)
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Renaissance (14531598)
Francois I became power the French Crown during the early 16thcentury. He welcomed to
France many Italian artists such as Leonardo da Vinci. Artist influenced the success of the
Renaissance style. Between 1562 and 1598, it increased in the number of the Huguenots
(Protestants). It led to the Wars of Religion between Catholics and Protestants. Catherine de
Medici ordered the St. Bartholomews Day Massacre of hundreds of Protestants. Leonardo da
Vinci died in the arms of Francois I. In 1589, Henri IV reigned of the massacre. He became the
first Bourdon king of France and eventually converted to Catholicism. Henry ended the Wars of
Religion with the Edict of Nantes. It gives the religious and political rights to the Huguenots.
(French History Time , 2013)
Grand Siecle (1598-1715)
In 17thcentury, The French Monarchy became power and extravagance. King Louis XIII and
Cardinal Richelieu transformed Frances feudal monarchy to an absolute monarchy. Louis XIV
reigned from 1461 to 1483. Louis XIV strengthened his own power by keeping all the local
princes and lords occupied with the elaborate court life at his palace at Versailles. In particular
Louis XIVs endless wars were expensive. It left France in financial peril by the end of his reign.
Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685. Louis XIV died in 1715. Louis XV became the
throne. The Bourgeoisie demanded more political rights and it causes a great problem for Louis
successors. (French History Time , 2013)
Revolution (1715-1804)
The majority of the commoners were against the nobles and clergy, because the nobles and
clergy have the privileges. In the 18 thcentury, enlighten people such as Voltaire and Rousseau
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beginning to question the principles of the old regime and absolutism. They want equal rights
and the abolition of the class system. The Frenchmen had been exposed to the ideas behind the
American Revolution. July 14, 1789, a Parisian mob revolted and stormed the Bastille prison
which was as a symbol of political oppression. The French revolution has begun. It ended
absolute rule by French Kings. On the August 26, 1789, the revolutionaries issued the
Declaration of the Rights of Man which is the principles of Liberte, Egalite, and Fraternite: It
means to end the class system. In 1792, Louis XVI tried for treason and convicted; monarchy
abolished. In 1793, Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette are guillotined in Paris, France. In
1794, Robespierre overthrown and end of Reign of Terror. (French History Time , 2013)
The colors of this flag originated during the French Revolution of 1789. The red and blue are
represent as Paris, while represented the monarchy. The present design was adopted in 1794, and
is meant to symbolize republican principles (In Philip's World Factbook , 2008).
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Napoleonic Era (1804-1870)
In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte took power and was crowned First Consul. In 1804, he took the
title of emperor Napoleon I. He took the crown from the Pope and placed it on his head himself
directly challenging the authority of the church. Napoleon created a powerful central
administration and engaged in many military campaigns that allowed him to expand his empire.
He fought a series of brilliant military campaignsbefore his final defeat in 1815. (In Philips
World Factbook, 2008). Napoleon was defeated in Russia 1812 and then in Waterloo in 1815.
Eventually, Napoleon was replaced by Louis XVIII who was overthrown by Charles X. Charles
reign reminded people of the old regime. People dont like the old regime anymore. People led to
the July Revolution of 1830 again. The July Monarchy elected a king, Louis Philippe (the Duke
of Orleans). The reign lasted 18 years until 1848. When the Second Republic was founded, Louis
Napoleon, the nephew of Napoleon I, was elected the first president of the Second Republic.
Then he was the Emperor Napoleon III in 1852 by national plebiscite. It was Napoleon III who
commissioned Baron Haussman to redesign Paris and started the French industrial revolution.
(French History Time , 2013)
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Map of French Empire: Napoleon 1769-1795, 1795-1804, 1804-1814 and 1814-1821. This
map shows major battles during Napoleon controlled the empire (France Empire Map,
1999-2013)
19th
Century
In 1870, The Franco-Prussia war began. The Germans conquered Paris and claimed the Alsace
and Lorraine regions of France. Following the defeat, Napoleon III was exiled. In 1871, the
Third Republic emerged in France. It shows that the end of monarchy in France. Industrial
expansion was growing. A portable movie camera was invented. The Eiffel Tower was
constructed during the Universal Exhibition of 1889 in order to commemorate the centennial of
the French Revolution. The Eiffel tower is one of the most well-known monuments in France. In
19thcentury, France is renowned for their cultural contribution includes the paintings of the
Impressionists, the Art Nouveau style, the novelist Flaubert and the satirist Zola. (French History
Time , 2013)
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1871 -- Europe after the Franco-Prussian War
( Europe after the Franco-Prussia War 1871, 2012; French Silent Language , 2013)
20th
Century
In 1914, The First World War began in northeast France. The Germans won many victories but
eventually the Germans and the French dug trenches. The war on the Western Front was
deadlocked in trench warfare. In 1917, The United States entered the war and helped France to
defeat the Germans. The Allies demanded generous restitutions and payments from the Germans
in the Versailles Treaty. The Germans resented the humiliation of this treaty. It was one of the
factors led to the World War II. During the Entre Guerres period (between wars), France played
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a leading role in the avant garde movement, attracting artists, musicians and filmmakers from
around the world. (French History Time , 2013)
World War I
(France - WWI map, 2013)
In 1940, the Germans invaded Paris and occupied the north and west parts of France until 1944.
The country was fully controlled the puppet government of Vichy by Marshal Petain. However, a
resistance movement was being organized by General Charles de Gaulle. The Allied Forces
invaded Normandy on June 6, 1944. Charles de Gaulle entered Paris as the head of the new
government of the Fourth Republic. (French History Time , 2013)
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World War II
(France - WWII Map , 2012)
Post-war (1945Present)
Post-war from the United States and the World Bank enabled France to start an economy, but
Communist-led strikes often crippled production. After a bitter war, France decided to withdraw
from French Indo-China in 1954 and then faced a long and costly struggle in Algeria. Finally,
France ended with Algerias independence in 1962. The problems in Algeria caused problem in
France in the 1950s. In 1958, De Gaulle was appointed to be a prime minister. The government
developed a new constitution, establishing the Fifth Republic. It gave De Gaulle to be the
president greater executive powers and less the power of parliament. The Electoral College
elected De Gaulle as president for a seven-year term. (In Philip's World Factbook , 2008)
In 1957, France became a founder member of the European Economic Community (EEC). De
Gaulle opposed British membership in 1963 because Britain with the United States would give
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too much influence throughout Europes economy. Gaulles popularity declined in the late 1960s
while huge student demonstrations and workers strikes paralyzed the country. Therefore Gaulle
decided to resign as president in 1969. The new successor was Georges Pompidou and he
changed the course in foreign affairs by re-establishing closer contacts with the United States and
supporting the entry of Britain into the EEC (In Philip's World Factbook , 2008).
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Geography
(Geography of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopdeia , 2013)
Neighboring regions
Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel
o Between Belgium and Spain
o Southeast of the United Kingdom,bordering the Mediterranean Sean
o Between Italy and Spain
(The World Factbook , 2013)
Land boundaries
o Metropolitan FranceTotal: 2,889 km
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o Border countries: Andorra 56.6 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km, Italy
488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km, Switzerland 573
km
o French Guianatotal: 1,183 km
This map shows France has land boundaries: Andorra, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg,Monaco, Spain, and Switzerland. (The World Factbook , 2013)
Climate
o Metropolitan France: Cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and
hot summer along the Mediterranean.
o French Guiana: Tropical climateHot and humid. Very little seasonal
temperature
o Guadeloupe and Martinique: Subtropicalwinds, moderately high humidity.
Rainy season: June to October. Cyclones (Hurricanes) occurred every 8 years.
o
Mayotte: TropicalHot and Humid. Rainy season: November to May innortheastern monsoon. Dry season: cooler weather between May to November
o Reunion: Tropical and sometimes moderates with cool and dry between May
to November. Hot and Rainy between November to April
(The World Factbook , 2013)
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Political Europe Map
(World Atlas - France, 2013)
In France, Political is the republic and a developed country since Post-WWII. France is a
member state of the European Union. France is bordered by: Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany,
Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra and Spain. Frances politics and government: Unitarysemi-
presidential republic and has three different branches: Legislative, Judicial and Executive. France
has very good human rights: Abortion, Censorship, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen, Gambling, LGBT rights, Prostitution rights and Smoking rights. France has very strong
military. Frances culture is fabulous! Culture of Franceis enriched. Architecture of France,
Arts: Museums, Literature, Music and Theatre, Fabulous cuisines, and so forth. Frances TGV
high-speed trains are excellent for people. TGV Train will transport around France, into
Germany, Switzerland, Italy and the Netherlands and Belgium. France and Germany have strong
trading partner. European trading partners: Germany, Switzerland, Italy and the Netherlands and
Belgium. (Outline of France - Political map, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013 )
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Topographical MapFrance Ski Resorts
(France Tourism/Skiing, 2013-2014)
Topographical MapFrance Tourism
(France Tourism, 2014)
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Natural Resources
(France Natural Resources map, 2013)
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Transportation
TGV Trains
TGV Network:
Red & Blue: High-speed lines
Black: normal lines used by TGVs
Dotted lines: planned for 2009
(Transport in France, 2013)
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Roads
A7 autoroute near Orange French autoroute network
(Transport in France, 2013)
Waterways/Canals
Barge on the Canal Saint-Denis
(Transport in France, 2013)
Marine Transport
Container terminal at Port of Le Havre
(Transport in France, 2013)
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Air Travel
Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris
(Transport in France, 2013)
Population
Population of the Regions of France(in 1.000s)
(Bonjour La France - France Population , 2013)
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Environmental
(Bonjour La France - France Population , 2013)
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Demographics
Population growth rate %
0.47% (2013 est.)
Map: Population in Germany Germanys population is slow down compared with France.
People in Germany are -0.1% - -2.8% (Smith, The Penguin State of the World Atlas, 2012).
Population
65,951,611 (July 2013 est.)
15-24 years: 11.9% (male 4,017,893/female 3,840,268)
25-54 years: 38.9% (male 12,877,039/female 12,764,229)
55-64 years: 12.6% (male 4,020,974/female 4,287,381)
65 years and over: 17.9% (male 5,029,801/female 6,769,989) (2013 est.)
Population pyramid
Dependency ratios
o Total dependency ratio: 56.5%
o Youth dependency ratio: 28.5%
o Elderly dependency ratio: 27.9%
o Potential support ratio: 3.6 (2013)
Median Age
Total: 40.6 years
Male: 39.1 years
Female: 42.1 years (2013 est.)
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
14000000
0-14 years 15-24 years 25-54 years 55-64 years 65 years++
Male
Female
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Birth rate (births/1,000 population)
12.6 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Death rate (deaths/1,000 population)
8.96 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Net migration rate (migrant(s)/1,000 populations)
1.1 migrant (s)/1,000 populations (2013 est.)
Urbanization:
Urban population: 85% of total population (2010)
Rate of urbanization: 1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areaspopulation:
Paris (capital) 10.41 million; Marseille-Aix-en-Provence 1.457 million; Lyon 1,456
million; Lille 1,028 million; Nice-Cannes 977,000 (2009)
Sex ratio:
At birth: 1.05 male (s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male (s)/female
25-54 years: 1.01 male (s)/female 55-64 years: 0.94 male (s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male (s)/female
Total population:
0.96 male (s)/female (2013 est.)
Mothers mean age at first birth:
28.6 (2006 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
Infant mortality rate:
Total: 3.34 deaths/1,000 live births
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Male: 3.67 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 2.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth (years)
Total population: 81.56 years
Male: 78.45 years
Female: 84.82 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
2.08 children born/woman (2013 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
76.4%
Note: percent of women aged 20-49 (2008)
Health expenditures:
11.6% of GDP (2011)
Physicians density:
3.381 physicians/1,000 population (2011)
Hospital bed density
6.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)
Drinking water source:
Improved:
o Urban: 100% of population
o Rural: 100% of population
o Total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
Map: Water Resources in GermanyTotal consumption per capita per year is range 100-499.
In Germany, water withdrawals have 20%-39% approaching strain. It means Germany take more
water out of the ground excessively (Smith, The Penguin State of the World Atlas, 2012).
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Sanitation facility access:
Improved:
o Urban: 100% of population
o Rural: 100% of population
Total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
Map: Waste in RussiaRussia has 50%-74% of population with access to improved sanitation
facilities. Russia has a long way to go (Smith, The Penguin State of the World Atlas, 2012).
HIV/AIDSadult prevalence rate (%)
0.4% (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDSpeople living with HIV/AIDS
150,000 (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDSdeaths
1,700 (2009 est.)
Map: H IV/AIDS in Ukraine- The impact of HIV/AIDS 1.0% -9.9% of people aged 15-49infected with HIV (Smith, The Pengiun State of the World Atlas - Ninth Edition , 2012)
Obesityadult prevalence rate:
18.2% (2008)
Map: Obesity in EgyptEgypt has 70% or more overweight adults aged 20+ years with BMI of25 or more overweight. France only have 10%-24% overweight adults (Smith, The Pengiun Stateof the World Atlas - Ninth Edition , 2012)
Education expenditures:
5.9% of GDP (2009)
Literacy (%)
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 99%
Male: 99%
Female: 99% (2003 est.)
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School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Total: 16 years
Male: 16 years
Female: 17 years (2011)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Total: 22.1%
Male: 21.2%
Female: 23.2% (2011) (The World Factbook , 2013)
Languages
Frances official language is 100% French; however, its declining regional dialects and
languages include Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque and Flemish. The
overseas departments are: French, Creole patois, Mahorian (a Swahili dialect) (CIA World
Factbook, 2013)
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Religious
There are four different religions in France. France has a long history with Roman Catholic.
Roman Catholic is 83-88%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim 5-10%, unaffiliated 4%. There is
no statistic on Buddhism. Overseas departments: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Hindu, Muslim,
Buddhist, Pagan (In Philip's World Factbook , 2008).
Culture
Cultural Diversity
In France, the geography, historical events, foreign and internal forces and groups have changed
over the years. Frances culture consists of beliefs, values, norms and material goods shared by
group members. Paris, France is the first in Europe that has an important role as a center high
culture since the 17thcentury. Two hundred years later, France had an important role worldwide.
Around in the late 19thcentury, Frances role is in cinema, fashion and cuisine. The French
culture is heavily dependent on its economic, political, and military importance. Today, French
culture has remarkable regional and socio-economic differences. According to Hofstedes
88%
2% 1% 10% 4%0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Roman
Catholic
Protestant Jewish Muslim Unaffiliated
Population
Population
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Framework for Assessing Culture, the culture of France is moderately individualistic and high
Power Distance Index(Culture of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).
Social Stratification
In France, the modern social structure started in the late 1950s. Its based on three distinct
classes.
The Upper Class: High level politicians, the wealthy families, powerful business owners.
For example, President Jacques Chirac and the CEO of Airbus Noel Forgeard
The Middle Class: the middle class group comprises two different types of white-collar
jobs, senior executives of companies and the groups in the profession jobs. High incomes
are more ore stable.
The Lower Class: The lower class comprises blue-collar jobs: Food-service jobs or work
or retail. The unemployment level and the low living standards are very common in the
group. The number of blue-collar jobs has decreased due to the shift to industry. The civil
service section has increased steadily (Social class in France, Wikipedia the free
encyclopedia , 2013).
Power Distance
Individual vs. Collectivism (Hofstede Cultural Dimensions in France)
Power Distance IndexFrance has a 68 on the cultural scale of Hofstedes analysis.Compared to Malaysia country where their power distance is extremely high (104) whileAustria has a very low (11); therefore, France is in high
Individualism - France is considered as individualistic with a relatively high score (71)on the scale of Hofstede compared to a country like Costa Rica where they have strongcollectivism (15 on the scale)
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MasculinityMasculinity vs. Femininity refers as the roles between the genders. Francehas a masculine culture with a 43 on the scale of Hofstede compared to a country likeNorway where they have lowest masculinity (8 on the scale)
Uncertainty AvoidanceIn France, it has a reasonable high uncertainty avoidance (86)
compared to countries as Singapore (8) and neighboring country Sweden (29)
Long-term OrientationFrance has zero scale compared to a country like Nigeria (16 on
the scale) (Power Distance , 2004-2013)
Silent Language
ColorsColors are an interesting aspect of a cultures silent language. For example, yellow cab
in the United States and red cab in Costa Rica. Etiquette and Customs in Hong Kong, Gold and
red are lucky colors, so they make excellent gift wrapping (Hong Kong - Language, Culture,
Customs and Etiquette, 2013). Another etiquette and customs in Malaysia, do not wrap gifts in
mourning colorswhite, blue or black. Wrapping the gifts in happy colorsred, pink, or yellow
(Malaysia - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette, 2013).
DistanceIn France, the meeting and greeting, French people shake hands with everyone
present when they arrive or leave. Men can handshakes with women. When family and close
friends greet one another, they kiss both cheeks (France - Cultural Etiquette - e Diplomat, 2013).
In Hong Kong, the handshake is used when greeting westerners. Hong Kong Chinese handshake
is very light. During the greeting, Hong Kong Chinese lower their eyes as a sign of respect.
Prolonged eye contract should be avoided during the greeting (Hong Kong - Language, Culture,
Customs and Etiquette, 2013).
Time and PunctualityThere are different perceptions and time and punctuality. In the United
States, business people tend to arrive early for business appointment or meetings, and tend to
arrive few minutes late for dinner at someones home and tend to arrive a bit later for large social
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gatherings. Thats so true (International Business - Environmental & Operations , 2013, 2011,
2009,2007). In Costa Rica, they take their time. There is no rush to be on time. If a Costa Rican
couple arrived in the doctors office one hour later instead of on time appointment, it would be
socially acceptable. Its big different between U.S. and Costa Rica.
Body LanguageIn France, French women do not sit with legs spread apart. Sit up straight
with legs crossed at knee or knees together. Feet should never place on tables or chairs.
Toothpicks, nail clippers, and combs are not used in public. Keep your hands out of your
pockets. The okay sign made with index finger and thumb means zero. The French used the
thumbs up sign to say Okay. (France - Cultural Etiquette - e Diplomat, 2013).
PrestigeIn France, French people address other people as Monsieur, Madame or
Mademoiselle. Academic titles and degrees are very important. French people expected to know
how to use them properly. Madame is used for adult women: married or single over 18 years old
except for waitresses is called Mademoiselle (France - Cultural Etiquette - e Diplomat, 2013)
Nonverbal communication is based on facial expression, gestures, dress code, vocal inflections
and so forth. France has different meanings (French Silent Language , 2013). Another country
represents universal meanings.
(International Business - Environmental & Operations , 2013, 2011, 2009,2007)
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High/Low context culture
High-context culture is more important than spoke words. In low-context culture, nonverbal
communication is not very important. The spoken word is everything in the low-context culture.
For example, Finnish and German is in low-context culture while French and African is in High-
context (High/Low-context cultures , 2013).
Country Cluster (According to GLOBE)
There are ten different category country clusters. The different countries share different ideas
about the leadership. It affects domestic business practices. For example, Nordic Europe and
Confucian Asia have reflected on the attitudes of a majority of countries compared to each
cluster. Another example, Costa Rica and Guatemala are in the same category cluster (Country
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Cluster Globe, 2013).
Denmark
Finland
Sweden
Canada
USA
Austraalia
IrelandEngland
South Africa
New ZealandAustria
The Netherlands
Switerland (German
Speaking)
Germany
Isreal
Italy
Switerland (French
Speaking)Spain
Portugal
France
Zimbabwe
Namibia
Zambia
Nigeria
South Africa
Country Clusters- Part I
Nordic
Anglo
Germanic
Latin European
Africian
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Political/Legal
Freedom Type (Freedom House)
France has different Freedom Type: Media Freedom, Internet Freedom, Freedom of Expression,
Human Rights Defense, Civil Society, Rule of Law, Democratic Governance, United Nations,
U.S. Foreign Policy, Elections, Religious Freedom, Freedom of Association, Intergovernmental
Bodies, Womens Rights and LGBTI Rights. U.S.A and France has the same freedoms in
common (Freedom type (Freedom House), 2013).
GreeceHungary
Albania
Slovenia
Poland
Russia
Georgia
Kazakbatan
Turkey
Kuwait
Egypt
Morocco
QatarSingapore
Hong Kong
Taiwin
China
South Korea
Japan
Philippines
Indonesia
Malaysia
IndiaThailand
Iran
Ecuador
El Salvalor
Columbia
Bolivia
Brazil
Guatemala
Argentina
Costa Rico
Venenzela
Mexico
Country Clusters - Part II
Eastern European
Middle Eastern
Confucian
Southeast Asian
Latin American
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Level of democracy
Key:
Full democracies:
9.00-10.008.00-8.99
Flawed democracies:
7.00-7.996.00-6.99
Hybrid regimes
5.00-5.994.00-4.99
Authoritarian regimes:
3.00-3.992.00-2.990.00-1.99
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Democracy_Index_2012_green_and_red.svg -
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Canada, Australia, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Norway category between 9.00 -10.00. USA,
Spain, and Japan category between 8.00-8.99. Brazil, France, South Africa, India, Mongolia
category between 7.00-7.99. Chile, Namibia, Indonesia, Thailand category between 6.00-6.99.
Central America & Turkey category in 5.00-5.99. Egypt, Morocco, Kenya category between
4.00-4.99. Russia and China category in 3.00-3.99. Sudan, Kazakhstan category between 2.00-
2.99. Saudi Arabia, D.R. Congo category between 0.00-1.99 (Democracy Index 2012, 2012) .
Legal System
Civil law system was the legal system; however, there is no legislative act. France developed the
Constitution in September 28, 1958. The effective date was October 4, 1958. It has been amended
many times (CIA World Factbook, 2013).
The three different branches are Executive, Legislative and Judicial. Executive Branch: The Chief of
State is President Franois Hollande has served for France since May 15, 2012. The head of government
is Prime Minister Jean-March Ayrault has served for France since May 16, 2012. The cabinet has council
of ministers appointed by the president at the suggestion of the prime minister. Legislative Branch:
Parliament consists of the Senate has 348 seats; 328 for Metropolitan France and overseas departments.
The members elected by an electoral college to serve six year terms. 1/3 elected every three years. The
National Assembly has 577 seats; 555 for Metropolitan France, 15 for overseas departments and 7 for
overseas dependencies, members elected by popular vote under a single-member majority system to serve
five-year terms (CIA World Factbook, 2013).
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Court System
The Judicial Branch: The Court of Cassation has the court president, 6 divisional presiding judges,
120 trial judges, and 70 deputy judges organized into 6 divisions3 civil, 1 commercial, 1 labor and 1
criminal and Constitutional Council has 9 members. How does the judge selection and term of office
work in the system? The court of cassation judges appointed by the president of the republic from
nominations from the High Council of the Judiciary, presided by the Court of Cassation and 15 appointed
members; judge term of appointment. The Constitutional Council members appointed 3 by the president
of the republic and 3 each by the National Assembly and Senate presidents; members serve 9 year, non-
renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 3 years.
(CIA World Factbook, 2013)
Ease of Doing Business (World Bank)
The report summarizes Doing Business 2014 data for France. The table lists the overall Ease of
Doing Business) rank (out of 189 economies) and the rankings by each topic. The tables summarize the
key indicators for each topic and benchmark against regional and high-income economy (OECD)
averages. Economy OverviewRegion: OECD high income, Income category: High income,
Population: 65,696,689, GNI PER CAPITA (US $): 41,750 and City Covered: Paris. FranceDoing
Business 2014 rank is 34. Doing Business 2013 is 35. Change in rank is -3 (declined). FranceDoing
Business 2014 DTF (% Points) is 71.97. Doing Business 2013 DTF (% Points) 71.92. It shows that it has
improved in DTF (% Points) increased 0.05 (Ease of Doing Business in France, 2013)
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Topics DB 2014 Rank DB 2013 Rank Change in Rank
Starting a Business 41 29 -12
Dealing with
Construction
Permits
92 74 -18
Getting Electricity 42 41 -1
Registering
Property
149 150 1
Getting Credit 55 52 -3
Protecting
Investors
80 80 No change
Paying Taxes 52 54 2
Trading Across
Borders
36 37 1
Enforcing Contract 7 7 No change
Resolving
Insolvency
46 44 -2
(Ease of Doing Business in France, 2013)
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Starting a Business
DB 2014 Bank41 DB 2013 Bank29 Change in rank -12
DB 2014 DTF (% Points)
91.43
DB 2013 DTF (% Points)
91.43
Improvement in DTF (%
Points)0.00
(Ease of Doing Business in France, 2013)
Intellectual Property Protection
France has a distinctive system of protection of intellectual and industrial property rights. The three
categories are presented as an intellectual property protection.
Intellectual property rights outside of France
European Union by European Patents
Protection under French Law
(Intellectual Property, 2013)
Nationalization/Privatization
NationalizationThe French Government decided to transfer assets to private individuals. It is required
to vote by Parliament. The recent history has two major waves of nationalization: in 1945-1946 and in
1982. The privatization is established in the following year in 1986-1987. The enterprises are under state
control, therefore their subsidiaries or sub-subsidiaries are separately. Employers have approximately 1.5
million employees. The enterprises have an energy, products, capital goods, and transport, banking,
insurance and commercial services. (France - Nationalization, 2013)
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Privatization
1990s
Total
Renault (1996)The French State still have 15.01% of the shareholding
Credit local de France (1991) now Dexia
Union des assurances de Paris (1994)
Elf Aquitaine privatized in 1994
SEITA (1995) Now Altadis
Arecelor (1995)
Pechiney (1995)
Compagine generale transatlantique (1996) merged with CMA to form CMA-CGM
Assurances Generales de France (1996)
Bull (1997)
Le Credit Lyonnais (1999)
Credit Industriel et Commerical (1998)
CNP Assurances (1998)
Gan (1998)
Erament (1999)
(List of privatizations, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013)
Political Riskiness
Political and Economic -The French economy showed greater resilience to the 2009 downturn than
many comparable economies. It began to recover slowly in 2010. GDP feel to .0.2% in 2012. The growth
is forecast at 0.4% for 2013. Trade remains a major structural weakness of the French economy. The
trade deficit reached of 70 billion (3.5% of GDP) in 2011. High oil prices and inadequacy of domestic
supply has increased imports (Political Riskiness in France, 2013).
Human RightsThe right to strike is protected by the Constitution. There is no restriction
On the right of strike outside of public services. Striking is acceptable action by many French state
Workers. The right is allowed in many domainseducation, hospitals, national radio, etc.
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France and UK have similar levels of gender equality. A Ministry of Womens Rights was
Reestablished by the Hollande administration took office in 2012. Racial hatred and hate crimes
Are banned. The police enforce the law. The government is currently putting legislation to
parliament to extend the right to marry and adopt children to gay couples which is still stiff
Opposition from the Catholic church. France is a founding member of the Council of Europe and
the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights (Political Riskiness in France, 2013)
Bribery and Corruption
Bribery is prohibited! According to Transparency Internationals Corruption Perceptions Index,
France ranked 22
nd
in 2012 (Denmark was 1
st
least corrupt; Somalia was 178
th
most corrupt;
UK was 17th) (Political Riskiness in France, 2013).
Map: Corr uption in SomaliaDenmarkSomalia is very highly corrupt. Denmark is very clean (Smith,The Pengiun State of the World Atlas - Ninth Edition , 2012)
Terrorism Threat
In any other large European countries, the French authorities monitor if there is a high
Threat of terrorism. Attacks can be indiscriminate, including places frequented by expatriates and
Foreign travelers. France operates a five levelcolor coded system to alert the public to
The threat of terrorist operations on French territory as Vigipirate. Level ZeroWhitedenoted
The absence of any indication of a threat, whilst level fourScarletdenotes a certain threat.
Vigipirate is currently at Level 3Reddenoting a probable threat Recently, French military
actions in Mali and Somalia have fears of a backlash by militants in France
(Political Riskiness in France, 2013). The French government established a plan to deal with the threat of
A cyber-attack and carried out a major exercise to test arrangements for crisis management in June 2010.
The British and French authorities has strong co-operation in the effort to combat against terrorist
(Political Riskiness in France, 2013).
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Intellectual Property
Intellectual Property (IP) rightsthey can only give protection in the countries where they are
Granted or registered. There is no single European patent. A European patent is a bundle of
Individual national patents (Political Riskiness in France, 2013).
Influence of Technology
France has a technology revolution. France has lots of technology includes telephone, mobile cellular,
broadcast media, internet country code, internet hosts and internet users.
Telephonesmain lines in use
o 39.883 million (2011)
Telephonesmobile cellular
o 59.84 million (2011)
Telephone system
o General assessment: High developed
o
Domestic: Extensive cable and microwave radio relay: extensive use of fiber-optic cable:
domestic satellite system
International: Country code33 submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Asia,
Australia, the Middle East, and US; Satellite earth stations. Total of 5 antennas2 for Indian
Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean region: radiotelephone communications with
more than 20 countries
Broadcast media
o A mix of both publicly operated and privately owned TV stations
o State owned France Televisions operates four networks: One is a network of regional
stations
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o Several cable/satellite channels and international channels
o A large number of privately owned regional and local TV stations
o Multi-channel satellite
o Cable services provide a large number of channels
o Public broadcaster Radio France operates 7 national networks and operates services for
overseas territories and foreign audiences
o Radio France International (RFI) under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the leader of
international broadcaster
o
Numerous of commercial FM stations
(CIA World Factbook, 2013)
Government Intervention
Support and subsidies
The French government boosts French car sales by raising subsidies for electric and low-emission
vehicles and penalizing gas guzzlers. The government will also encourage investment in new
technologies and provide a EUR600 million loan package for cash strapped small and medium companies
in the industry. The government will raise the subsidy for electric vehicles to EUR7,000 from EUR5,000,
while it will raise the subsidy for hybrid cars to EUR4,000 from EUR2,000. French Industry states that
the car subsidies will cost the government nearly EUR500 million in 2013. To help finance the
incentives, larger penalties will be levied on purchases of high emission vehicles, which will be approved
in the 2013 budget later this year. In the long term, the government considers to measure to boost French
competitiveness includes a plan to reduce labor costs by shifting the burden of social benefits from
companies to households (Market Watch - The Wall Street Journal, 7/25/2012).
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Sanctions ListFrance Diplomatie
The use of armed force, Security Council sanctions are governed by Chapter VII of the Charter on
action with respect to threats to the peace, breaches of the peace, and acts of aggression. The use of
sanctions, explicitly provided for in Article 41, isenvisaged in the Charter as an alternative (or
preliminary) to the use of force. The Security Council calls upon Member States to apply the necessary
measures to give effect to its decisions. Article 41 thus mentions the complete or partial interruption of
economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and
the severance of diplomatic relations, which Member States should help implement (France Diplomatie
- Ministere des Affaires etrangeres - Sanctions, 2013).
As sanctions, they can enforce embargoes on weapons and sensitive goods, travel bans and asset freezes.
It means that they can deprive parties of their means of actionweapons embargo during a conflict, ban
on transactions related to proliferation, assets freeze to combat terrorism or to bring pressure on one party
to cooperate. (France Diplomatie - Ministere des Affaires etrangeres - Sanctions, 2013) UN Member
States, the Security Council can decide to establish a sanctions committee, a subsidiary organ of the
Council comprising all Security Council Member States. Meetings are generally held of experts from the
various permanent representations.
A sanctions committee has three main functions:
Adopt new sanctions and update existing ones: A sanctions committee can designate persons,
entities and assets to be subject to sanctions or supplement and update sanctions lists established
by the UNSC
Monitor the proper implementation of the sanctions decided by the UNSC: A sanctions
committee completed and verified the information that UN Member States must bring concern
initiatives taken to apply sanctions
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Clarify the procedures for applying sanctions: A sanctions committee can answer questions
from States about the practical application of sanctions. For example, the State confirms that the
existence of a breach of sanctions will be identified. If necessary, therefore the committee can
request States for information to enable it to respond to a given situations (France Diplomatie -
Ministere des Affaires etrangeres - Sanctions, 2013).
The current number of sanctions committees is twelve. As sanctions regimes have developed, it become
necessary to establish procedures to safeguard the rights of the individuals and entities subject to
sanctions. They monitor the respect of the rights of the person and entities sanctioned(France
Diplomatie - Ministere des Affaires etrangeres - Sanctions, 2013).
International Agreements for Economic IntegrationHistory of the European Union
The European Coal and Steel Community had six founding members: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,
Luxembourg and the Netherlands. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome established a common market: customs
duties were eliminated in 1968 and common policies include trade and agriculture put in place. In 1973,
it expanded to nine members: Denmark, Ireland and the UK. In 1979, it created its first Parliament. In
1981, Greece joined. Then the following by Spain and Portugal in 1986.
In 1993, the Treaty of Maastricht established the European Union common market. Two years later, the
EU expanded to 15 members: Austrian, Sweden and Finland. In 2004, EU expanded to 25 members:
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania,
Slovakia and Slovenia (European Intergration, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013).
The Eurozone refers to the European Union member states that have adopted the euro currency union as
the third stage of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The states outside of the EU have
adopted the euro as their currency even though it was not belonging to the EMU. The total of 23 states
includes 17 European Union states and six non-EU members currently use the euro. The original
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members: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Portugal, and Spain. In January 1, 2001, Greece adopted the euro. In January 1, 2007, Slovenia joined on
the euro. In January 1, 2008, Cyprus and Malta joined the euro. In January 1, 2009, Slovakia joined the
euro. In January 1, 2011, Estonia joined the euro (European Intergration, From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia, 2013).
(European Intergration, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013)
France is a member State of the European Union. France is involved with European Economic Area,
Schengen Agreement, EMU (Euro) member, and is on Common Security & Defence Policy (European
Intergration, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013).
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Infrastructure
Communication
Telephonesmain lines in use:
o
39.29 million (2012) Telephonesmobile cellular:
o 62.28 million (2012)
Telephone system:
o General assessment: Highly developed
o Domestic: extensive cable and microwave radio relay; extensive use of fiber-optic cable;
domestic satellite system
o International: country code33; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout
Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and US: satellite earth stationsmore than 3(2
intel sat (with total of 5 antennas2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean, NA
Euteisat, 1 InmarsatAtlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with
more than 20 countries
o Overseas departments: country codes: French Guiana594; Guadeloupe590; Martinique
596; Mayotte262, Reunion262 (2011)
(CIA World Factbook, 2013)
Energy
Electricityproduction:
539 billion kWh (2010 EST.)
Electricityconsumption:
451.4 billion KWh (2009 EST.)
Electricityexports
66.6 billion KWh (2010 EST.)
Electricityimports
37.1 billion KWh (2010 EST.)
Electricityinstalled generating capacity:
119.1 million KWh (2009 EST.)
Crude oilproduction
0 bbl/day (2009 EST.) Crude oilexports:
0 bbl/day (2009 EST.)
Crude oilimports:
1.428 million bbl/day (2009 EST.)
Refined petroleum productsproduction:
1.694 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Refined petroleum productsconsumption:
1.792 million bbl/day (2011 est.)
Refined petroleum productsexports:
487,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Refined petroleum productsimports:
778,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Natural gasproduction:
587 million cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gasconsumption:
41.52 billion cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gasexports:
5.378 billion cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gasimports:
47.04 billion cu m (2011 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
395.2 million Mt (2010 est.)
(CIA World Factbook, 2013)
Military branches (Security)
Army (Armee de Terre; includes Marines, Foreign Legion, Army Light Aviation), Navy (Marine
Nationale), Air Force (Armee de lAir (AdiA); includes Air Defense) (2011)
Military service age and obligation:
17-40 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (with parental consent); no
conscription: 1-year service obligation; women served in noncombat posts (2013)
Manpower available for military service:
Males age 16-49: 14,563,662
Females age 16-49: 14,238,434 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Males age 16-49: 12,025,341 Females age 16-49: 11,721,827 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Males: 396,050
Females: 377,839 (2010 est.)
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Military expenditures:
2.6% of GDP (2005 est.)
(CIA World Factbook, 2013)
Telecommunication
Broadcast media
o Mixed of both publicly operated and privately owned TV stations
o State-owned France Television operates 4 networks,
o Several thematic cable/satellite channels and international channels
o A large number of privately owned regional and local TV stations
o Multi-channel satellite and cable services provide a large number of channels
o Public broadcaster Radio France operates 7 national networks
o A series of regional networks
o
Operates services for overseas territories and foreign audiences
o Radio France Internationale (RFI)
o Under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
o A large number of commercial FM stations
Internet country code:
o Metropolitan France
o French Guiana
o Guadeloupe
o Martinique
o
Mayotteo Reunion
Internet hosts:
o 17.266 million (2012)
Internet users:
o 45.262 million; 44.625 million (metropolitan France) (2009)
(CIA World Factbook, 2013)
Economic OverviewThe French economy is diversified across all sectors. The government is regulated partially or fully
privatized many large companies includes Air France, France Telecom, Renault, and Thales. At the
meantime, the government has a strong sectors includes power, public transport, and defense industries.
Millions of tourists visited France from all over the world. France has the third largest income in the
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world from tourism. Frances leaders committed to capitalism. The French government runs the social
equity by means of laws, tax policies, and social spending that the government wants to reduce income
disparity and the impact of free markets on public health and welfare (CIA World Factbook, 2013).
GDPper capita (PPP)
Frances total GDP (2012) is $36,100 per capita
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/fr.html
Germanys total GDP (2012) is $39,700 per capita
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/fr.html
France
GDPreal growth rate is 0% (2012 est.)
o
4% (2010 est.) is exceed 3% of GDP
o 3.1% (2011 est.) is a bit over 3% of GDP
o 0.7% (2012 est.) is much better and lowest than 3% of GDP
Retrieved 11/19/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
Cuba
GDPreal growth rate is 3.10% (2012 est.) Its exceed 3% of GDP Retrieved 11/19/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/fr.html
Exceed 3% of GDP is not good economic in the country. Deficits declines in tax revenues and increase
social spending such as unemployment benefits. Budget deficits set a goal to keep below 3% of GDP.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html -
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Therefore budget is high deficit, because of declines in tax revenues and increase social spending.
Switzerland
GDPreal growth rate is 1.0% (2012 est.) Its below 3% of GDP
Retrieved 11/19/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
Switzerland has 1% of GDP. Its below 3% of GDP. Its good economic and good budget deficits.
Switzerland increases in tax revenues and decreases social spending. Its big difference between Cuba
and Switzerland.
Distribution of family incomeGINI index:
France: 32.7 (2008)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
Sweden: 23.0 (2005)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
GINI coefficient of Income Inequality
France has no data on GINI coefficient of Income Inequality. France finances are very strong, has a high
income. France has been wealthy and has maintained a good economic since World War II, Frances
GDP (current US$) $2.613 trillion in 2012. France aids the governments in developing countries reduce
poverty by providing them with money and technical expertise they need for a wide range of projects
such as education, health, infrastructure, communications stands for OECD (World Bank, 2013).
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html -
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Emerging market
A 14% increase in the value of new business in the first months of year, driven by strong performances in
France and in emerging markets. The value of new business grew 33% in France, while AvivasTurkey,
Poland and Asia divisions all posted gains of more than 40%. It reflects on the companys drive to grow
in emerging markets. The company guidance that the value of new business will moderate in the final
quarter due to a strong performance in the same period last year (Aviva's New Business Gains on Strong
Growth in France, Emerging Markets , 2013).
Exports and Imports
Frances excellent balance in exports and imports includes commodities and partners from other
countries with clearly statistics from the CIA World Factbook. The exports earned $567.1 billion in 2012
The top partners in order are Germany 16.7%, Belgium 7.5%, Italy 7.5%, Spain 6.9%, UK 6.9%, US 5.6
% and Netherlands 4.3%. The exports shows strong economic partner from other countries (CIA World
Factbook, 2013).
16.70%
7.50%
7.50%
6.90%
6.90%
5.60%
Exports - Partners
Germany
Belgium
Italy
SpainUK
U.S.A.
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Frances exports commodities:
Machinery
Transportation equipment
Aircraft
Plastics
Chemicals
Pharmaceutical products
Iron & Steel
Beverages
(CIA World Factbook, 2013)
The imports earned $641.3 billion in 2012. The top partners in order are Germany 19.5%, Belgium
11.3%, Italy 7.6%, Netherlands 7.4%, Spain 6.6%, UK 5.1%, and China 4.9%. The imports exports
shows strong economic partner from other countries (CIA World Factbook, 2013).
19.50%
11.30%
7.60%
7.40%
6.60%
5.10%
4.90%
Imports - Partners
Germany
Belgium
Italy
NetherlandsSpain
UK
China
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Frances imports commodities:
Machinery and equipment
Vehicles
Crude oil
Aircraft
Plastics
Chemicals
(CIA World Factbook, 2013)
Natural Resources
o Metropolitan France: Coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash,
feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, timber, fish
o French Guiana: Gold deposits, petroleum, Kaolin, Niobium, Tantalum, clay
(CIA World Factbook, 2013)
Geographical considerations
The French refer to their nation as a hexagon, because the description of nation is six-sided shape.
The term is a symbol for the country. In France, metropolitan has an area of over 200,000 square miles
(518,000 square kilometers). It covers 5% of the European continent. Paris is the capital and cultural
center and is long dominating the rest of the nation. There are twenty-two regions. The French Republic
includes four overseas departments: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Runion. There are
two territorial collectives: Mayotte and Saint Pierre-et-Miquelon. The overseas territories include French
Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis, and Futuna. France borders: Andorra, Belgium, Germany, Italy,
Luxembourg, Monaco, Spain and New Switzerland. France is open to the Atlantic to the west, coasts on
the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the English Channel to the north. France has a large range of
terrain and a varied climate and geography. The major mountains are the Alps in the east and the
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Pyrenees in the southwest. The Massif Central is a large mountainous plateau in the central area includes
the ancient volcanoes of the Auvergne region. The Mediterranean area is considered to have a subtropical
climate. The four main rivers are the Seine, the Loire, the Garonne, and the Rhne. The territory has
regional names and is connected to regional identity. The most famous is le Mistrial in the Rhne valley
(France: Geography, History, Politics, and More, 2013).
Competition
Domestic industries and products (absolute advantage)
In 1776, Adam Smith states that a countrys wealth is based on the goods and services available to all
citizens rather than holding gold. The theory of absolute advantage: Different countries produce some
goods more efficiently than others. The question is why the country should buy domestically produced
goods when they can buy them cheaper from abroad (Daniels, International Business - Environmental &
Operations , 2013, 2011, 2009,2007).
Competitive advantage (Porters diamond)
The Diamond of National Competitive Advantage: Factor conditions, Demand conditions, Related and
supporting industries and Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. According to the Diamond Model, there
are four determinants of national advantage for French wine industry.
Factor conditions: French wine industry has sufficient quantities and combination of the quality
of labor, capital and raw materials available.French wine industry has perfect climate and good
soil to grow different kinds of grapes for making wine. French wine industry will hire workers to
take care of land for growing grapes, etc.
Demand conditions: In France, the consumers will definitely purchase wine, because of high
quality of wine. You cant compare with other wine industry in difference countries.
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Related and supporting industries: The French wine industry was also favorable, because of
the high quality to all consumers in France. French wine will be exported to other countries for
trade.
Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry: The combination of three features: demand, factor
conditions, and related and supporting industries. French wine influenced industries decision to
production of wine in France. The ability of the industries to develop and sustain a competitive
advantage required favorable circumstances for the fourth feature: firm strategy, structure and
rivalry.
Global Market Share
OECD issues warning on French economy, because France is behind other European countries based on
the economy. It needs to take steps to restore competitiveness. It shows that France shows no significant
improvement since the onset of the financial crisis in 2008. Frances high minimum labor costs (80
percent above the OECD average); high cost of public services (27.4 percent of gross domestic product),
heavy tax burden on employment (50 percent of wage costs) and central and local government includes
36,700 municipalities among the factors holding back French competition. It shows that earnings per
head in France had grown slower than in other advanced OECD countries. The economic growth has
been below the OECD average and levels of employment, expectations among young and older workers
are low. The governments move to give companies a C20bn tax break to lower labor costs; however, the
half of the gap between the tax wedges in France the different between labor costs to the employer
and the employees home-home payand the OECD average (Camegy, November 13, 2013).
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Multinational Enterprises
The 2013 Top Companies to work for in France. France has more than 500 employees. First ten top
for best companies in world, according to best workplaces France. The following of the ten tops:
Microsoft France (Information Technology Software), Pepsi Co France (Retail), Mars France (Mars
Chocolat, Petcare and Food & Mars Information services), Davidson Consulting (Professional Services
Consulting Engineering), Decathlon France (RetailSpecialty), Leroy Merlin France, EMC (Information
Technology), Cisco France (Telecommunications), American Express Carte (Financial Services &
Insurance) and Valrhona (Manufacturing & ProductionFood products) (Best Workplaces in France -
Great Place to Work Institute , 2013)
Major MNEs
France is one of the EUs major importers and exporters with everything from raw commodities to
automobiles. The economy of France provides support to international trade with numerous of products
and commodities. The exporters have a number of valuable commodities: machinery and transportation
equipment, aircraft, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, iron, steel, consumer products, petroleum, cars
and vehicles. The major part of the foreign trade with European partners: Germany, UK, Spain and Italy.
France is the second largest exporter in the world of both services and farm products. France is well
known for its cheese, wine, and wheat for the worlds leading supplier of quality produces. The
manufacturing industry is a key exporter. The GDP is nearly 27%. (Global Alliance of SMEs (GASME),
2013).
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GNIper capita
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
France: 2.2% (2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
Germany: 2.10% (2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
Unemployment rate:
France: 10.3% (2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
Turkey: 9.2% (2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/fr.html
Debtexternal
France: $5.165 trillion (31 December 2012)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
Germany: $5.719 trillion (31 December 2012)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
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Balance of Payments (Current)
France: -$58.7 billion (2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/fr.html
Italy: -$30.3 billion (2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
Balance of Payments (Capital)
Stock of direct foreign investmentat home
o France: $1.119 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/fr.html
o Belgium: $1.082 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/fr.html
Stock of direct foreign investmentabroad
o France: $1.683 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
o Hong Kong: $1.217 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
(CIA World Factbook, 2013)
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Interest Rates
France Interest Rate
(Trading Economic - France Interest Rate, 11/20/2013)
Stock Market
France Stock Market (CAC 40)
Stock in France had a negative performance during the last month. France Stock Market (CAC 40)declined 14 points or 0.32 percent during the last 30 days. (Trading Economic - France Interest Rate,11/20/2013)
(Trading EconomicFrance Stock Market, 11/20/2013)
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Factor-Mobility
WorldwideThe United States had about 1/3 the ratio of mobility of Denmark. Less than half that of
Canada, Finland and Norway. France, Germany, Sweden have higher mobility, with only the United
Kingdom being less mobile. Economic mobility in developing nations such as Africa is to limited by both
historical and global economic factors. Economic mobility is everywhere correlated with income and
wealth inequality (Factor Mobility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013).
Factor-mobility
Factor Mobility bar chart shows the rate of intergenerational income mobility in different countries. The
vertical intergenerational mobility is lower in the United States than in most developed countries. A
personsparents are high income in the United States than other countries. The United States had about
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1/3 the ratio of mobility of Denmark and less than half in Canada, Finland and Norway. France had
higher mobility with only the United Kingdom being less mobile. Economic mobility in Africa is limited
to both of historical and global economic factors. Economic mobility is correlated with income and
wealth inequality (Economic Mobility From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013).
Financial Viability
Balance Payments
o France: -$58.7 billion (2012 est)
Retrieved 11/19/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
o Belize: - $59.5 billion (2012 est)
Retrieved 11/19/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
Balance of Payments (Current)
France: -$58.7 billion (2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
Italy: -$30.3 billion (2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
Balance of Payments (Capital)
Stock of direct foreign investmentat home
o France: $1.119 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html -
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o Belgium: $1.082 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
Retrieved 11/2/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
Stability of currency
Deficit must not exceed 3% of GDP. Rate of inflation must remain within 1.5% of the three best-
performing European Countries.
France
GDPreal growth rate is 0% (2012 est.)
o 4% (2010 est.) is exceed 3% of GDP
o 3.1% (2011 est.) is a bit over 3% of GDP
o 0.7% (2012 est.) is much better and lowest than 3% of GDP
Retrieved 11/19/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/fr.htmlCuba
GDPreal growth rate is 3.10% (2012 est.) Its exceed 3% of GDP Retrieved 11/19/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/fr.html
Switzerland
GDPreal growth rate is 1.0% (2012 est.) Its below 3% of GDP Retrieved 11/19/2013 fromhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/fr.html
Banking systemStable/Reliable
In 2008, numerous of banks failure in the financial crash. It led to the recessions and depression in
different countries. There are two failure factors: Some bank does not have enough assets to meet their
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liabilities and those people who ran, regulated them and failed the bank system. Because they did not do
their jobs properly. Unfortunately, the top bankers still earns largely salaries and bonuses. Frances bank
wealth has high gross national income (GNI) compared with Bank of America annual revenue of $134
billion. The comparative wealth (2010): France has $2.3tn for country GNI. France has $8.2tn for assets
of top banks (The Penguin State of the World Atlas, 2012).
Map: Banks in Spain and USASpain has $1.5tn for country GNI. USA has $14.6tn for country GNI.
Both of them has big different GNI. (Smith, The Pengiun State of the World Atlas - Ninth Edition , 2012)
In conclusion for the S.W.O.T. Analysis, the research paper is based about Frances global business
throughout different issues. The S.W.O.T analysis will show four points: strength, weakness, opportunity
and threat. S.W.O.T analysis is relevant to demonstrating Frances global business in strength, weakness,
opportunity and threats. The S.W.O.T analysis is enabled to understand about the economy and
represents as European Union throughout worldwide. Frances has been wealthy and has maintained a
good economic since World War II. Frances finances are very strong. France is high income. Frances
GNI is larger than revenue of any transnational corporation. Income GNI is $25,000 or more in France.
Quality of Life is high Hum
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