four related acronyms: enum, sip, dmx and 2pac how they all come together…
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Four Related Acronyms: ENUM, SIP, DMX and 2Pac How They All Come Together….
Tom Kershaw
Vice President, VoIP
VeriSign
2
Yet Another Take On ENUM…(aka Agenda)
+ ENUM Defined for the 34,567th time
+ ENUM the Theory
+ “Peering,” Traffic Sharing, Killing the PSTN etc▪ The SIP Way▪ The ENUM Way
+ The IETF View v. The Carrier View v. the End User View
+ Does QoS Matter?
+ Does Network Interoperability Matter?
+ Why Do Gangsta Rappers Love ENUM?
3
What Is ENUM?
+ ENUM is a protocol+ Born in the IETF+ Simple Concept: Use DNS to resolve addresses for VoIP+ Approved, Done, and Nothing Controversial
+ If We Just Talked About ENUM the Protocol, this would be a very short conference
+ ENUM is a Political Movement+ Ownership of Addresses+ National Sovereignty+ Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes+ Global Disarmament+ Etc.
+ There is a strong need to separate the protocol/implementation issues from the public policy issues
4
Some Initial Comments on ENUM
+ Private (Carrier) ENUM v. Public (User) ENUM+ Debates, Controversy, Confusion+ The Key Points:+ Carrier and User ENUM are different and should have
different structures+ Carrier and User ENUM are consistent and can co-exist
peacefully+ There is no clear agreement on what ENUM is for:+ The wonderful world of the Internet+ The wonderful world of the PSTN+ The alleged convergence of these two things+ OR….Something totally different
+ SIP Peering is 100x bigger than ENUM right now…+ ….(which is like Luxembourg calling Lichtenstein small)
5
Current State of ENUM
+ Public ENUM trials and “production” environments+ Austria, Australia, Korea are leading+ Volume is very small+ Driven by the Internet Community+ Dependent on users actually caring+ Public ENUM Regulatory Bodies+ U.S., Japan+ Driven by the PTTs+ User involvement is little to none+ Private ENUM efforts+ Cable+ Mobile Operators
6
Drivers for ENUM
+ The Driver Matters – Results are Different
+ Internet Community Driven
+ PTT Driven
+ Mobile Content Driven
+ Our View: What is the Goal of ENUM – To Drive IP-to-IP
Communications that goes beyond traditional voice
+ People assume that VoIP operators and users are driving ENUM –
but they are not
7
Who Cares About ENUM?
I don’t care about ENUM!
What are you talking about?
I love ENUM! I have all of his CDs!
8
VoIP and ENUM
+ ENUM is not relevant to VoIP yet+ Volumes are too small+ Japan Case+ 10 million VoIP endpoints+ 10% x 10% = 5% of calls are IP to IP+ Benefits of the query with a 5% resolution rate is
questionable+ ENUM matters only when you can drive res rates above 25%+ Enterprise Verticals+ Communities of Interest+ Peered Private-Public ENUM structures+ Cable Efforts are Likely to be Key Drivers+ IE – we have to drive volume and drive resolution rates up
collectively rather than pursuing our own private interests
9
+ Conclusion: VoIP operators and users do not care
about ENUM at present
+ But there is someone who does care about ENUM…..
10
Who Cares About ENUM?
I Love ENUM!
ENUM is great!
It makes me money.
11
ENUM and Mobile Content
+ ENUM is currently driven by mobile content
+ 50 Cent makes more money off of ENUM than all the VoIP
operators combined
+ When a user downloads a ringtone, it is sent to the destination
MMSC using SMPP
+ SMPP requires a mailto: address
+ ENUM is used to discover the mailto: address of the destination
+ This application leads to some perverse results
+ how to you map the phone number to the correct mailto:
+ what if the number is ported?
+ what is the number is issued under an MVNO?
12
Business/Regulatory State of the “Roots”+ Tier 0:
▪ Only one database controlled by RIPE NCC and ITU (policy only)
▪ Contains participating country codes.▪ Delegation would be at the NPA level for the US
+ Tier I:▪ Several valid country specific public trials – Austria is leading▪ U.S. has decided to issue a tender for CC1, split into to
administrative domains▪ Lot’s of Boring Trials Going on Now
+ Tier II:▪ A Few Interesting Trials Underway▪ Every Carrier and Cooperative will have a Root▪ VoIP Tier IIs brag about 500K users; Mobile will be in the 50
Millions soon
There are actually many ways to do this….
13
Current Issues With ENUM
+ Very few VoIP platforms support ENUM today
+ Nobody has figured out how to make money from ENUM yet
+ Nothing in ENUM you can’t do with SIP
+ Huge political issues over data ownership▪ Two camps: ▪ I want the data and I want everything to be free
+ ENUM solves only a small part of the problem▪ Where you are is easy – how to get to you in a secure, reliable matter is
another issue
+ Mobile Content application is creating a critical mass in ENUM that
is not necessarily consistent with the VoIP application
14
ENUM: Missing Pieces
+ I Know the Destination Domain of the Called Party+ I Can Now Query the Destination to Find the IP Address
+ But:+ What QoS Rules are Associated with the Destination+ What Protocol/Variations are Available at the Destination+ What Network Path to Take+ What Security Policies/Keys Are Needed
+ ENUM provides the information, but assumes the network will be able to figure it out.
+ Reality: It Won’t (at least not yet)
15
Private Peering: Real World Example
Private Root
Private IP Backbone
Enterprise Location Server
Private ENUM
Call Control
Call Control
Call Control
Call Control
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:tkershaw@verisign.com!”
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:tkershaw@verisign.com
16
QoS: Perceived if Not Real
+ Many Carriers & Enterprises utilize MPLS for Real-Time Transport▪ Connection oriented traffic engineering with bandwidth protection▪ Quality-of-Service mechanisms (e.g. voice prioritization) ▪ Secure MPLS Tunnels/MPLS Virtual Private Networking
+ Problem: No Exit▪ MPLS protects the on-net traffic▪ There is no way off▪ Firewalls are never touched
INTERNET PSTNMPLS CORE
VoIP Gateway
Federated Extranet (Domain Bridging NAP)
SITE A
Internet Gateway
THIG
NRD
SITE B
BearerSignaling
Redundant carrier-grade THIGs utilized by one or more federation members
Internet/External connectivity is a completely separate connection
17
MPLS and ENUM
BearerSignaling
INTERNET
PSTN
Federated Extranet (Domain Bridging NAP)
Corporation A(MPLS VPN A)
NRD
THIG
Corporation B(MPLS VPN B)
MPLS Carrier A
Corporation B(MPLS VPN B)
MPLS Carrier B
Corporation A(MPLS VPN A)
SS7
ENUM
DNS
DA
18
Public and Private: A Real Example
Austrian Public Root
Public IP Backbone
VeriSign Private
Root
Company 2Company 1
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:tkershaw@verisign.com!”
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:tkershaw@verisign.com
Private IP Backbone
19
ENUM with SIP Functionality
Tier 1 ENUM
Option 1
Location Server/Registrar
Tier 2
ENUM
Call Control
Call Control
Call Control
Call Control
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:tkershaw@verisign.com!”
IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:tkershaw@verisign.comDevice Resources
EREG
Option 2
Option 3
Perimeter Security and Interop Resources
20
ENUM Issues to Be Resolved
+ Critical Mass (the Network Problem)
+ Application developers
+ Public or private directories
+ Update rate
+ One or many - providers, databases, …
+ Regulatory and policy issues
+ New identifiers
+ Coverage
+ PSTN Service Logic
21
Conclusions
+ ENUM is currently a mess
+ Private, Public, Mobile applications are uncoordinated and there is
mass confusion
+ Keep the end goal in mind – creating a public IP infrastructure for
applications (voice, video, IM, gaming, etc)
+ Opt-Out of Opt-In
+ First to 30 million wins
+ Anyone doing Private ENUM that is not peering is being short-
sighted
+ And finally…
ENUM is the Preferred Protocol of Gangsta Rap!
Thank You
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