forward physics at the lhc - a project review
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Forward Physics at the LHC - A Project Review
Risto Orava
Helsinki Institute of Physics andDepartment of Physical Sciences University of Helsinki
0.1Orsay R.Orava 29. September 2003
Forward Physics Project Review - Contents
0.2
• Physics Goals & Bench Mark Processes• Forward Spectrometer at the LHC• The Helsinki Group: Resource basis, Plans• Summary
Important part of the phase space is not covered by the baseline designs at LHC. Much of the large energy, small transverse energy particles are missed.
In the forward region (| > 5): few particles with large energies/small transverse momenta.
Charge flow
Energy flow
information value low: - bulk of the particles crated late in space-time
information value high: - leading particles created early in space-time
1.1
Hgap gap
b
b -jet
-jet
Missing Mass can be accurately scanned in pp p + X + p by using the leading protons
Bench mark process at Tevatron: Exclusive Higgs production in pp p + + p with tagged antiprotons + rap gaps, di-jet mass fraction…
P1’ P2’
beam
p2’
p1’
dipole
Roman PotsMH
2 = Mmissing2
= (p1+p2-p1’-p2’)2
= Mbb2dipole
Mmissing = O(1 GeV)
Mbb = O(10GeV)
Roman Pots
MSSM with large tan=> 10 x SM!
1.2
Upgrade scenarios and Forward detectors - CMS & TOTEM
2.2
• Technical Proposal submitted in 1999• Technical Design Report (TRD) to be completed by End 2003• Designed to co-exist with CMS and to run with large, intermediate and low * (1100m & 18m & 0.5m)• Aims at:
• Precision measurement of tot (tot ~ 1mb)• Elastic scattering down to -tmin ~ 10-3
• Diffractive scattering • Forward spectrometer:
• T1 & T2 for inelastics (3 < || < 7) • New collaborators: ILK Dresden, (Germany), Helsinki (Fi), Brunel London (UK), Warsaw (Pol)
Experimental Apparatus at the LHC
Roman Pots/Microstations to measure elastic and diffractive protons
TOTEM integrated with the machine
Inelastic Detector
TOTEM integrated with CMS
Inelastic Detector
Roman Pot/Microstation
-concept
RP1 RP2 RP3 RP4
in
out
T1-T2T1-T2
2.1
New layout of T2 - CMS/TOTEM Working Group on Diffraction
Silicon Pixel Tracker 5.0<<7.5
Electromagnetic Calorimeter 5.0<<7.5
Absorber
Optimized Conical Vacuum Chamber
A
A
0
10
20
30
40
50
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
eta
X/X
o
2.3
A novel detector for measuring the leading protons - the Microstation - is designed to comply with the LHC requirements.
• A compact and light detector system • Integrated with the beam vacuum chamber • Geometry and materials compatible with the machine requirements• m accuracy in sensor movements • Robust and reliable to operate • Si strip or pixel detector technology
Development in cooperation with the LHC machine groups. 2.4
Inner tube for rf fitting
Inch worm motor
Emergency actuator
Detector
Space for cables and cooling link
Space for encoder
6cm
Microstation
Note: A secondary vacuum is an option.
M.Ryynänen, R.Orava. /Helsinki group 2.5
μstation, Secondary Vacuum Implementation
Detector
Beam vacuum
Secondary vacuum
2.12
Research and Development: stations
• Beam impedance, electromagnetic pick-up bench measurements, shielding.
• Alignment, mechanical stability and reliability, emergency detector retraction from the beam.
• Cooling and cryogenic system studies (see Velo/LHC-b).• Bakeout tests, outgassing and vacuum tests.• Study of radiation hardness of the critical components:
– motors, – connectors and feedthroughs, – flexible connections at cryogenic temperatures in vacuum.
• Detector integration, position encoders, rad hardness, r-o cables.
2.15
Validation in collaboration with the LHC machine groups(as in the case of the Velo detector/LHC-b).
Detector
Support
PitchAdapter
APV25
Hybrid
CoolingPipe
Spacer
A Silicon Detector Module/Totem4.11
n n
p
p
Back plane extented to side using p-diffusiondepletion region up to p and no guard ring is requiredsignal picked by n-strip up to p-diffusion<10m dead space at the edge of the detector
p back plane
p diffusion
n strip
2.18
3D Detectors and Active edges3D Detectors and Active edges
3D TECHNOLOGYE-field line contained byedge (p) electrode
EDGE SENSITIVITY <10 m
Side view
Top viewPictures of processed structuresBrunel, Hawaii, Stanford 2003
EDGE SENSITIVITY <10 mCOLLECTION PATHS ~50 m
SPATIAL RESOLUTION 10-15 m
DEPLETION VOLTAGES < 10 V DEPLETION VOLTAGES ~105 V at 1015n/cm2
SPEED AT RT 3.5 ns
AREA COVERAGE 3X3 cm2
SIGNAL AMPLITUDE 24 000 e before Irradiation
SIGNAL AMPLITUDE 15 000 e- at 1015n/cm2
50 m pitch
S. Parker, C. Kenney1995
pp
ac
ce
pta
nc
e
RP4 (215 m)RP7 (420 m)
RP6 (340 m)RP5 (300 m)
Diffraction Dissociation (High Luminosity)* = 0.5 m
Proton Acceptance at 215, 308 and 420 m’s
Helsinki Group/Tuula Mäki
Acc
ep
tan
ce
MM (GeV)
0%
100%
200 400 600 800 1000
all stations together
stations at 215 and 420m
station at 215m alone
station at 420m alone
Conclusions: Acceptance from 40 GeV on, stations at 308m & 420m give 50% acceptance for 130 GeV Higgs
50%
Missing Mass Resolution at 215, 308 and 420m’s
Helsinki Group/Tuula Mäki
M/M
M/M
M(GeV)
100
100 300 500 700
60 140 180
Conclusions: Stations at 308-420 m alone yield 1% M/M, All stations combined give 2% M/M for mH = 120 GeV
1%
4%
1%
3%
The Helsinki Group - Collaboration
Helsinki Institute of Physics Physics and detector simulation,(hip.fi) R. Orava integration&testing, project coordination
Division of High Energy Physics, Physics and detector simulation,University of Helsinki project coordination(physics.helsinki.fi/~www_sefo/sefo.html)R. Orava
Durham University Phenomenology of Forward PhysicsV. Khoze
Iowa State University SimulationJ. Lamsa
Espoo-Vantaa Institute Software developmentof Technology (evitech.fi)T. Leinonen
Pohjois-Savo Polytechnic Hybrid development/RF testing/(pspt.fi) slow controls/testsH. Heikura & A.Toppinen
Rovaniemi Polytechnic Data base/GRID(ramk.fi) J. Leino
VTT Technical Research Edgeless Si-detectors for microstationCenter of Finland (vtt.fi)I. Suni, S. Eränen
Institute/ Coordinator Responsibility
1.2
The Helsinki Group - CompositionMember Position Experience Task Funding(-03)
Avati V. PhD student Totem beam simulation HIP2
Bergholm V.1 PhD student summer student simulaton/tests grad.school2
Cwetanski P. PhD student ATLAS TRT detector tests CERN tech.student
Goussev E. Student summer student simulation/testsfellowship?
Järvinen M. student summer student simulation fellowship?
Kalliopuska J. PhD student summer student detector dev fellowship?
Kiiskinen A. post doc LHC R&D, Delphi simulation/tests HIP2
Kurvinen K. detector phys. LHC R&D, Delphi detector testsHIP&STUK
Lauhakangas R. DAQ eng. LHC R&D, Delphi,... DAQ HIP
Mäki T.1 PhD student summer student simulation/tests grad.school2
Noschis E. PhD student LHC R&D detector tests CERN tech.student
Oljemark F. student summer student simulation/tests fellowship?
Orava R. prof. LHC R&D, Delphi,E605 project leader HIP & UH
Palmieri V. post doc RD39, NA50... Si-detectors CERN project ass.2
Saarikko H. prof. Delphi, NA22, UA5 diffraction UH
Tapprogge S. post doc Atlas, H1, NA45 performance HIP
Österberg K. post doc LHCb, Delphi detector syst UH
+ technical trainees elec., software testing Polytechnics
+ student trainees high energy phys. MoE
1 Currently working on their MSc thesis 2 Foreseen source of funding1.1
Project Activities: LHC
• intensive study on physics performance simulations continue• define the optimal layout of the detector locations / geometry• assess physics potential
• R&D on the microstation concept to converge • engineering prototype finished in autumn 2001• design and construction of a fully functional prototype to validate the microstation concept in the FNAL test beam
• final proposal to LHC for a coherent extension in forward region• design and construction of a production prototype • submit proposal to the LHCC 35
LHC represents a gluon factory with a factor 40 enhancement in gluon-gluon luminosity as compared to Tevatron – forward physics processes provide a clean environment for new physics, complementary to the base line program.
Project Activities: LHC
• a wide range of physics and detector related aspects • supporting activities
•luminosity measurement •measurement of the elastic cross section•detector R&D
• to be carried out in collaboration with:• CMS-TOTEM (A. DeRoeck & K. Eggert) on Forward Spectrometer designs• TOTEM (K. Eggert) on Roman Pots/microstations, on Cryogenic Si-detectors (V.Palmieri), on edgeless Si-detectors (S. Parker, C. DaVia, VTT, Polytechnics)
36
Forward Physics Project
Basic Research
Basic Research
Applied Research
Applied Research
Education, Training
Education, Training
HIP & University of HelsinkiHIP & University of Helsinki
Technology Transfer
Technology Transfer
PolytechnicsPolytechnics
VTT & IndustriesVTT & Industries
CERNCERN
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