forensic ballistics andrei tudor dumitrescu
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University of Huddersfield
MSc Investigative Psychology
Andrei Tudor Dumitrescu
Charles Waite is considered to be the father of
forensic ballistics. In 1927 he opened a private lab in New
York City called: “The Bureau of Forensic Ballistics”. In
1925, along with other pioneers such as: Philip Gravelle,
John Fischer and Calvin Goddard, Waite established the
Bureau of Forensic Ballistics with the goal of providing
firearms identification in the US.
History of Forensic Ballistics
History of Forensic Ballistics
Calvin Goddard helped the FBI in 1932 with the
application of ballistics in to the science of detective
work, later opening the Scientific Crime Detection
Laboratory while also being affiliated with the
Northwestern University in Chicago. He was the first to
develop a comparison microscope for the use of bullets
and cartridge cases identification. In the Valentine’s
day massacre, Goddard determined that the casings
from the shootings were from a Thomson submachine
gun, not from police issued handguns.
Definitions - Ammunition
Comprises the
cartridge case,
primer, propellant
and bullet in its
entirety.
Definitions – The bullet
The part of the
ammunition
that is
projected from
the firearm.
Definitions – Firearms In the UK, a lethal, barrelled weapon of any description from which any shot, bullet or other missile can be discharged (Section 57 Firearms Act, 1968).
Definitions – Gunshot
residue Trace residue of the metals from the ammunition released when the weapon is fired
The science that studies the motion of projectiles.
It is divided into three branches:
I. Internal ballistics is the study of a projectile’s motion from
the time its propellant’s igniter is initiated until it exits the
gun barrel;
II. External ballistics deals with the behaviour of the projectile
after it exits the barrel and before it hits the target;
III. Terminal ballistics is the study of the behaviour of a projectile
when it hits its target.
Definitions - Ballistics
Internal Ballistics
1) Microscopic
examination of the
recovered bullet
Internal Ballistics
2) Determination of the
composition of the bullet
Internal Ballistics
3) Gunshot residue analysis using
SEM-EDX, short for Energy-dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy
External Ballistics
External Ballistics
Where the bullet was fired from;
Type of weapon used;
When and where a person has been shot;
Angle of impact.
Terminal Ballistics
Close contact wounds
Entry and exit points
Terminal Ballistics
Example: shotgun blast
Terminal Ballistics High velocity rifles - cavitation
Crime scene examination
Secure area;
Search for any evidence;
Isolate and photograph evidence
References
Bodziak, William J., Footwear Impression Evidence, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Fla: Taylor & Francis, 1999.
Gagliano-Candela, R., Colucci, A.P. And Napoli, S. (2008) Determination of Firing Distance. Lead Analysis on the Target by Atomic Absortion Spectroscropy (AAS). Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53 (2), 321-324;
Haag, L.C. (2006) Shooting Incident Reconstruction. Academic Press, London;
Heard, B. (2008) Handbook of Firearms and Ballistics: Examining and Interpreting Forensic Evidence 2nd edn. Chancery Wiley Law Publications, New York;
Leifer, A., Avisaar, Y., Berger, S., Wax, H., Donchin, Y. And Almog, J. (2001) Detection of firearm imprints on the hands of suspects: Effectiveness of PDT reaction Journal of Forensic Sciences, 46 (6), 1442-6;
Mason, J.K. And Purdue, B.N. (2000) The Pathology of Trauma, 3rd edn. Arnold, London;
McDonald, Peter, Tire Imprint Evidence. Boca Raton, Fla.: Taylor & Francis, 1989;
Romolo, F. and Margot, P. (2001) Identification of gunshot residue: A critical review. Forensic Science International, 119, 195-211;
Rowe, Walter F., Firearms Identification, in R. Saferstein, ed., Forensic Science Handbook, vol 2, 2nd., Upper Saddle River, N. J.: Prentice Hall, 2005;
Schehl, S.A., Firearms and Toolmarks in the FBI Laboratory, Forensic Science Communication 2, no. 2 (2000);
Walker, P. And Rodacy, P. (2002) Field Test Kit for Gunshot Residue Detection;
Warlow, T.A. (1996) Firearms, the Law and Forensic Ballistics. Taylor and Francis, London http://www.southampton.ac.uk/~jb3/bullet/gsw.html
Questions ?
Thank you for your attention!
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