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Transcription and TranslationFlip Book

By: Morgan Doverspike

Transcription

Nucleus

Cell

Ribosomes

Transcription takes place inside the cells nucleus.

Nucleus

Transcription takes place inside the cells nucleus.

Nucleus

Transcription takes place inside the cells nucleus.

Nucleus

DNA

KeyAdenineThymineCytosineGuanine

Inside the nucleus DNA is found in the form of a double helix.

Nucleus

DNARNA polymerase

KeyAdenineThymineCytosineGuanineUracil

mRNA of Strand I

Strand I

Strand II

The enzyme RNA polymerase is used to read the DNA code or bases and create a complementary mRNA. The promoter region signals for the RNA polymerase to start copying the DNA in order to eventually produce proteins.

Promoter region

Coding region

Termination sequence

Nucleus

DNARNA polymerase

mRNA of Strand I

KeyAdenineThymineCytosineGuanineUracil

Strand II

The enzyme RNA polymerase is used to read the DNA code or bases and create a complementary mRNA. The coding region is what the DNA is copying in order to produce most of the mRNA strand.

DNA

Promoter region

Coding region

Strand ITermination sequence

Nucleus

DNARNA polymerase

mRNA of Strand I

KeyAdenineThymineCytosineGuanineUracil

Strand II

The enzyme RNA polymerase is used to read the DNA code or bases and create a complementary mRNA. The coding region is what the DNA is copying in order to produce most of the mRNA strand.

Promoter region

Coding region

Strand ITermination sequence

Nucleus

DNARNA polymerase

mRNA of Strand I

KeyAdenineThymineCytosineGuanineUracil

Strand II

The enzyme RNA polymerase is used to read the DNA code or bases and create a complementary mRNA. The coding region is what the DNA is copying in order to produce most of the mRNA strand.

Promoter region

Coding region

Strand ITermination sequence

Nucleus

DNARNA polymerase

mRNA of Strand I

KeyAdenineThymineCytosineGuanineUracil

Strand II

The enzyme RNA polymerase is used to read the DNA code or bases and create a complementary mRNA. The coding region is what the DNA is copying in order to produce most of the mRNA strand.

Promoter region

Coding region

Strand ITermination sequence

Nucleus

DNA RNA polymerase

mRNA of Strand I

KeyAdenineThymineCytosineGuanineUracil

Strand II

The enzyme RNA polymerase is used to read the DNA code or bases and create a complementary mRNA. The coding region is what the DNA is copying in order to produce most of the mRNA strand.

Promoter region

Coding region

Strand I

Termination sequence

NucleusRNA polymerase

KeyAdenineThymineCytosineGuanineUracil

mRNA of Strand I

Strand II

The enzyme RNA polymerase is used to read the DNA code or bases and create a complementary mRNA. The coding region is what the DNA is copying in order to produce most of the mRNA strand.

Promoter region

Coding region

Strand ITermination sequence

DNA

Nucleus

RNA polymerase

KeyAdenineThymineCytosineGuanineUracil

mRNA of Strand I

Strand II

The enzyme RNA polymerase is used to read the DNA code or bases and create a complementary mRNA. The coding region is what the DNA is copying in order to produce most of the mRNA strand.

Promoter region

Coding region

Strand ITermination sequence

DNA

Nucleus

DNA

Promoter region

Coding region

Termination sequence

KeyAdenineThymineCytosineGuanineUracil

Strand I

Strand II

The enzyme RNA polymerase is used to read the DNA code or bases and create a complementary mRNA. The termination sequence signals for the RNA polymerase to stop copying the DNA strand into mRNA.

Promoter region

Coding region

Termination sequence

Nucleus

Nuclear pores

mRNA

Ribosome

The mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores.

Translation

Nucleus

Nuclear pores

Ribosome

mRNA

The mRNA then begins to bind with a ribosome.

Ribosome

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

The mRNA is bonded with a ribosome and can begin to be decoded by the ribosome, into amino acids.

Ribosome

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

tRNA(anticodon)

Binding sight

The tRNA begins to come down to bring the specific amino acid to the correct codon in mRNA.

Ribosome

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

tRNA(anticodon)

Methionine (amino acid)

Start Codon

The tRNA brought down the amino acid, methionine.

Ribosome

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

The tRNA is coming down to match another amino acid to its base pair.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

Threonine(amino acid)

The tRNA brought down the amino acid, threonine.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

Peptide bond

The one tRNA anticodon released its amino acid allowing it to connect with the other amino acid forming a peptide bond.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

Glycine(amino acid)

The tRNA brought down the amino acid, glycine.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

The one tRNA anticodon released its amino acids allowing them to connect with the other amino acid forming another peptide bond.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

Glutamine(amino acid)

The tRNA brought down the amino acid, glutamine.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

The one tRNA anticodon released its amino acids allowing them to connect with the other amino acid forming another peptide bond.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

Proline(amino acid)

The tRNA brought down the amino acid, proline.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

The one tRNA anticodon released its amino acids allowing them to connect with the other amino acid forming another peptide bond.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

Aspartic Acid(amino acid)

The tRNA brought down the amino acid, aspartic acid.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

The one tRNA anticodon released its amino acids allowing them to connect with the other amino acid forming another peptide bond.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

Serine(amino acid)

The tRNA brought down the amino acid, serine.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

RibosomeThe one tRNA anticodon released its amino acids allowing them to connect with the other amino acid forming another peptide bond.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

Valine(amino acid)

The tRNA brought down the amino acid, valine.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

The one tRNA anticodon released its amino acids allowing them to connect with the other amino acid forming another peptide bond.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

Leucine(amino acid)

The tRNA brought down the amino acid, leucine.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

The one tRNA anticodon released its amino acids allowing them to connect with the other amino acid forming another peptide bond.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

Serine(amino acid)

The tRNA brought down the amino acid, serine.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

The one tRNA anticodon released its amino acids allowing them to connect with the other amino acid forming another peptide bond.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Ribosome

Glutamine(amino acid)

The tRNA brought down the amino acid, glutamine.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

The one tRNA anticodon released its amino acids allowing them to connect with the other amino acid forming another peptide bond.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Stop Codon

Stop(amino acid)

The tRNA brought down the amino acid, stop, after reading the stop codon.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

The one tRNA anticodon released its amino acids allowing them to connect with the other amino acid forming another peptide bond.

Stop Codon

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Stop Codon

This is the last amino acid on the polypeptide chain. Therefore the chain doesn't move anywhere when the final tRNA anticodon releases the amino acids.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Polypeptide chain(completed protein)

The polypeptide chain or protein folds and is released.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Polypeptide chain

Nucleotide

M-RNA is recycled once translation is finished, allowing the nucleotides to be used in other cellular functions.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Polypeptide chain

M-RNA is recycled once translation is finished, allowing the nucleotides to be used in other cellular functions.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Polypeptide chain

M-RNA is recycled once translation is finished, allowing the nucleotides to be used in other cellular functions.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Polypeptide chain

M-RNA is recycled once translation is finished, allowing the nucleotides to be used in other cellular functions.

mRNA

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Polypeptide chain

M-RNA is recycled once translation is finished, allowing the nucleotides to be used in other cellular functions.

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Polypeptide chain

M-RNA is recycled once translation is finished, allowing the nucleotides to be used in other cellular functions.

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Polypeptide chain

M-RNA is recycled once translation is finished, allowing the nucleotides to be used in other cellular functions.

KeyAdenineCytosineGuanineUracil

Polypeptide chain

M-RNA is recycled once translation is finished, allowing the nucleotides to be used in other cellular functions.

End of Transcription and Translation

Transcription Steps

1. First, the RNA polymerase copies the DNA into complementary mRNA strands in the nucleus.

2. Once the mRNA is complete it leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores.

Translation Steps

1. First the mRNA binds with a ribosome.

2. Then the tRNA anticodon brings a specific amino acid to each mRNA codon.

3. The amino acids use peptide bonds to bind together to form a polypeptide chain or protein.

4. Finally, the polypeptide chain or protein folds on itself and the nucleotides are recycled to be used in other cell functions.