flexible manufacturing and demand response for smart grid...
Post on 08-Apr-2020
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Flexible Manufacturing and Demand Response for Smart Grid Coordination
David Mendoza-Serrano and Donald J. Chmielewski
Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringIllinois Institute of Technology
Chicago, IL
P1
P2
P3
P4
Utility Plant
S1
S2
S3
S4S5
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Outline
• Introduction to Smart Grid
• Modeling of a Flexible Chemical Plant
- Material Flow Manipulations
- Flexible Utilities (Steam and Electricity)
- Material Storage
• Smart Grid Operation and Revenue
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
DispatchableGeneration
Consumer DemandTransmission
Energy Storage
Renewable Generation Smart Homes
SmartBuildings Smart
Manufacturing
Overview of the Smart Grid
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Real-time Pricing for Electricity
Historic data from the PJM Western Hub, Day-Ahead prices: June 1, 2001 through June 20, 2001, http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/energy/day-ahead/day-ahead-historical.aspx
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Real-time Pricing for Electricity
Historic data from the PJM Western Hub, Day-Ahead prices: June 1, 2001 through June 20, 2001, http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/energy/day-ahead/day-ahead-historical.aspx
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
DispatchableGeneration
Consumer DemandTransmission
Energy Storage
Renewable Generation Smart Homes
SmartBuildings Smart
Manufacturing
Overview of the Smart Grid
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
IGCC
Gasification Unit
PGPower Block
vH2,G
vcoal
vH2
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
IGCC with Dispatch Capability
Gasification Unit
PG
Storage Tank
Power Block
vH2,S
vH2,G
vcoal
vH2
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Economic MPC for IGCC Dispatch
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Smart Buildings and Thermal Energy Storage
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Economic MPC for TEC Coordination
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
DispatchableGeneration
Consumer DemandTransmission
Energy Storage
Renewable Generation Smart Homes
SmartBuildings Smart
Manufacturing
Objective
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Outline
• Introduction to Smart Grid
• Modeling of a Flexible Chemical Plant
- Material Flow Manipulations
- Flexible Utilities (Steam and Electricity)
- Material Storage
• Smart Grid Operation and Revenue
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
P1
P2
P3
P4
Toy Example
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Material Balances at Process Units
1214
1213
9811
9810
57
56
214
213
9.01.0
2.07.08.03.0
417.0583.0
1.075.09.025.0
νννν
νννννν
νννν
νννννν
==
+=+=
==
+=+=
P1
P2
P3
P4
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Material Flow Manipulations
⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
=
16
15
12
9
8
5
2
1
νννννννν
mP1
P2
P3
P4
mΔ=ν⇒
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Material Balances at Streams
P1
P2
P3
P4
214
151211
1697
84
53
00000
νννννννν
νννν
−=−−=−−=
−=−=
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Material Balances at Streams
P1
P2
P3
P4
214
151211
1697
84
53
00000
νννννννν
νννν
−=−−=−−=
−=−=
mΔ=ν+ mΛΔ=0⇒
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Material Flow Constraints
P1
P2
P3
P4
max412
max398
max25
max121
uu
uu
≤≤+
≤≤+
ννν
ννν0≥ν
,
,
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
P1
P2
P3
P4
Utility Plant
Process Utilities
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
P1
P2
P3
P4
Utility Plant
Energy Requirements of Process Units
124
983
52
211
45.05.0
5.05.05.0
ννν
ννν
=+=
=+=
eeee
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
P1
P2
P3
P4
Utility Plant
Energy Requirements of Process Units
124
983
52
211
45.05.0
5.05.05.0
ννν
ννν
=+=
=+=
eeee
⇒ νΓ=e
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
P1
P2
P3
P4
Utility Plant
Steam Utilities
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Possible Electric Utilities
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
If energy is steam, conversion efficiency assumed ηs = 0.75
If energy is electric, conversion efficiency assume ηe = 0.95
In vector form,
where
Energy Conversion Efficiency
eess eee Θ+Θ=
Iss η=Θ Iee η=Θ
,
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Energy Balance at Utilities
Steam Plant Steam Bank
Electric Node
sps1
s2s3
s4
e1e2e3
e4
g
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Possible Co-Generation Plant
Steam Plant Steam Bank
Electric Node
Co-Generation Plant
sp
cog
s1s2s3
s4
e1e2e3
e4
g
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Energy Balance at Steam Bank
Steam Plant Steam Bank
Electric Node
Co-Generation Plant
fsp
fcog
es1es2es3
es4
ee1ee2ee3
ee4
eg
scogcogsspsp eff 1=+ηη 75.0=spη
50.0=cogsη
T
⎥⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
=
1111
1
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Energy Balance at Electric Node
Steam Plant Steam Bank
Electric Node
Co-Generation Plant
fsp
fcog
es1es2es3
es4
ee1ee2ee3
ee4
eg
ecogcogeg efe 1=+η
50.0=cogsη
T
⎥⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
=
1111
1
15.0=cogeη
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Process Economics
P1
P2
P3
P4
,
,
Steam Plant Steam Bank
Electric Node
Co-Generation Plant
fsp
fcog
es1es2es3
es4
ee1ee2ee3
ee4
eg
[ν1 ν6 ν10 ν13 ν15 ν16] [-100 200 120 35 50 100]($/bbl)
ννc⇓
gecogfspf ecfcfc −−−
[fsp fcog eg] [ 3 3 5.5]($/MMBTU)
⇓
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Process Optimization (RTO)
{ }
max412
max398
max25
max121
,0,0,0,0
,0,0
0 s.t.
max
uu
uu
efeeffeemm
ecfcfcc
ecogcogegscogcogsspsp
eess
gecogfspf
eff
eem
g
cogspes
≤≤+
≤≤+
=+=+Θ+Θ=ΓΔΛ=Δ=
−−−
≥≥≥≥≥≥
ννν
ννν
ηηηνν
ννν
11
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Baseline Solution
then5.5 If =ec
****sec/3.26$ gecogfspf ecfcfcc −−−= νν
fsp* = 7.21 GJ/sec, fcog
* = 0 eg
* = 0
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Baseline Solution
then5.5 If =ec
****sec/3.26$ gecogfspf ecfcfcc −−−= νν
sec/48$* =ννc
fsp* = 7.21 GJ/sec, fcog
* = 0 eg
* = 0
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Real-time Pricing for Electricity
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Real-time Pricing for Electricity
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Operation with Real-time Pricing
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Revenue with Real-time Pricing
Average profit found to be
$32.3/sec
22.8% increase wrt baseline
$26.3/sec
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
P1
P2
P3
P4
Utility Plant
S1
S2
S3
S4S5
Impact of Material Storage
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Material Balances at Streams
214
151211
1697
84
53
00000
νννννννν
νννν
−=−−=−−=
−=−=
mΛΔ=0mΔ=ν+ ⇒
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Material Balances with Storage
2145
1512114
16973
842
531
νν
ννν
ννν
νν
νν
−=
−−=
−−=
−=
−=
M
M
M
M
M
&
&
&
&
&
mΔ=ν+ mM ΛΔ=&⇒
P1
P2
P3
P4
S1
S2
S3
S4S5
max)(0 MtM ≤≤
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Process Optimization (RTO)
{ }
max412
max398
max25
max121
,0,0,0,0
,0,0
0 s.t.
max
uu
uu
efeeffeemm
ecfcfcc
ecogcogegscogcogsspsp
eess
gecogfspf
eff
eem
g
cogspes
≤≤+
≤≤+
=+=+Θ+Θ=ΓΔΛ=Δ=
−−−
≥≥≥≥≥≥
ννν
ννν
ηηηνν
ννν
11
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Process Optimization with Storage
{ }
max
max412
max398
max25
max121
,0,0,0,0
,0,0
0
s.t.
max
MM
uu
uu
efeeffeemMm
ecfcfcc
ecogcogegscogcogsspsp
eess
gecogfspf
eff
eem
g
cogspes
≤≤
≤≤+
≤≤+
=+=+Θ+Θ=ΓΔΛ=Δ=
−−−
≥≥≥≥≥≥
ννν
ννν
ηηηνν
ννν
11
&
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Economic MPC
max
max412
max398
max25
max121
0,,0,0
,0,0,0,0
0
s.t.
)]()()()()([1max
MM
uu
uu
efeeffeemMm
dttetctfctfctcT
ecogcogegscogcogsspsp
eess
Tt
tgecogfspf
Meff
eem
g
cogspes
≤≤
≤≤+
≤≤+
=+=+Θ+Θ=ΓΔΛ=Δ=
⎪⎭
⎪⎬⎫
⎪⎩
⎪⎨⎧
−−−∫+
≥≥≥
≥≥≥≥
ννν
ννν
ηηηνν
ννν
11
&
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Literature on EMPC
• Conceptual Development and Stability Issues: Rawlings and Amrit (2009); Diehl, et al. (2011); Huang and Biegler (2011); Heidarinejad, et al. (2012)
• Process Scheduling: Karwana and Keblisb (2007); Baumrucker and Biegler (2010); Lima et al. (2011); Kostina et al. (2011)
• Power Systems: Zavala et al. (2009); Xie and Ilić (2009), Hovgaard, et al. (2011), Omell and Chmielewski (2011)
• HVAC Systems: Braun (1992); Morris et al. (1994); Kintner-Meyer and Emery (1995); Henze et al. (2003); Braun (2007); Oldewurtel et al. (2010), Ma et al. (2012); Mendoza and Chmielewski (2012)
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Revisit Example with 2 Storage Units
P1
P2
P3
P4
S4S5
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Operation with Real-time Pricingand Storage
P1
P2
P3
P4
S4S5
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Operation with Real-time Pricingand Storage
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Revenue with Real-time Pricingand Storage
EMPC average profit $34.2/sec
A 30% increase wrt baseline$26/sec
A 7.2% increase wrt RTO$32.3/sec
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Conclusions
• Numerous Options for Smart Grid Flexibility in Chemical Plants
• For the given example profit increased by - 22.6 % with electric utilities and co-generation - 30.0 % if storage also included
• Operation Can Get Complicated Very Fast!!!!
• Next Question is Capital Cost of Equipment Upgrades
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology
Acknowledgements
• Current and Former Students:Ben OmellDavid Mendoza-Serrano Ming-Wei Yang (Taiwan Electric)
• Personal Communications Don BartusiakJeff Siirola
• Funding:National Science Foundation (CBET – 0967906)
top related