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PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 1
CP violation in the Standard Model
Measurements today (mainly B-factories)
How to probe New Physics with Flavour Physics
What will we learn at LHCb/LHC
Conclusions
Flavour Physics in the LHC Era
Flavour Physics Flavour Physics in the LHC Erain the LHC Era
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 2
bb
ConvenersWerner Porod, Tomaso Lari, Gerhard Buchalla, Luca Silvestrini, Takeshi Komatsubara, Franz Muheim,Andries van der Schaaf, Martti Raidal
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 3
Flavour in the Era of the LHC Flavour in the Era of the LHC
Workshop Aims – outline and document a programme for flavour physics for the
next decade– addressing in particular the complementarity and synergy
between the LHC and the flavour factories with respect to the discovery and exploration potential for new physics.
Workshop Format– 3 Working Groups (WG1, WG2 & WG3)– Opening meeting in Nov 2005 with plenary sessions and with
the start of the WG activities– 2-3 meetings of the WG's to take place during the following
year– Final plenary meeting at the end– Yellow Report
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 4
CP Violation in Standard ModelCP Violation in Standard Model
1973 Kobayashi & Maskawa introduced 3rd generation of quarks to explain CP violation in kaons – before discovery of b (and c) quark Couplings between different quark generationsWeak and mass eigenstates of quarks not identical
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Mechanism
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 5
CKM MechanismCKM Mechanism
Properties of quark flavour changing CKM Matrix– Complex → 2n2 parameters for n generations – Unitary V†V = 1 → n2 conditions, Phases → 2n-1 unobservable – # of independent parameters – n = 3 generations → 3 Euler angles, 1 complex phase
CPV in the Standard model ⇔ η ≠ 0
( ) ( )222 1122 −=−−− nnnn
( ) ( ) ⎟⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
−−+−=∂
0212/00000
45
52
ηρληρληλ
iAiAiAVCKM
( )
( )CKM
tbtstd
cbcscd
ubusud
VAiA
A
iA
VVVVVVVVV
∂+
⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
−−−
−−
−−
=⎟⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
1121
21
23
22
32
ληρλλλλ
ηρλλλ
Important in LHC era
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 6
CKM CKM UnitarityUnitarity TrianglesTriangles
The CKM Matrix is complex and unitary
Vud
Vcd
Vtd
Vus
Vcs
Vts
Vub
Vcb
Vtb
=100
010
001
Vud
Vus
Vub
Vcd
Vcs
Vcb
Vtd
Vts
Vtb
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Vud
Vus
Vub
Vcd
Vcs
Vcb
Vtd
Vts
Vtb
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Vud
Vcd
Vtd
Vus
Vcs
Vts
Vub
Vcb
Vtb
=100
010
001
9 unitarityrelations
⇒ Vud Vub + Vcd Vcb + Vtd Vtb = 0***
The Unitarity Triangle
Experimentally measure lengths - CKM matrix elements –and angles - CPV asymmetries –Constrains apex of rescaled UT
The Rescaled Unitarity Triangle (UT)
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 7
CKM Unitarity TrianglesCKM Unitarity Triangles
VtdVud∗ + VtsVus
∗ + VtbVub∗ = 0VtdVtb
∗ + VcdVcb∗ + VudVub
∗ = 0
ρ = (1−λ2/2)ρ
γ−δγ
∝ Vub∗
∝ Vtd
γ
α
β
∝ Vub∗ ∝ Vtd
∝ Vcb ∝ Vts
δγ
η
ρ
η = (1−λ2/2)η
arg Vcb = 0, arg Vub = − γ, arg Vtd = − β, arg Vts = π + δγ
( )526 10−== OAJCP ηλin SM is small
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 8
UT measurements UT measurements
2( )α φ
1( )β φ
( )0 0 0( ) SB B cc K→0 0
0 0
0
( / ) ( / ) (GLW )
(ADS) ( ) (Dalitz plot)
CP
S
B D D KD D K
K KK K
π
π π
± ±
±
+ − ±
+ − ±
→
→
→
→
0 0 + -( ) , , B B ρ ρ ρπ π π+ −→
( )0 0 0( ) SB B ss K→0 0( ) ( )B B ccdd→
*ud ubV V
uB X ν→ l
B π ν→ l 0 0 oscillation rateB B
0 0B ρ γ→
0 0 oscillation rates sB B
3( )γ φ
*td tbV V
*cd cbV V−
cB X ν→ l*B D ν→ l
Bτ
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 9
UnitarityUnitarity TrianglesTriangles( ) ( )( )ηρληρ ,21, 2−≡
cb
ub
VV
BfM Bˆ,, 2ξ∆
η
ρ0 1
Im
β
α
γReη
ρ0
γ−χ
Im
Re2
2
21 ρλλ
+−
χ2ηλ
2β: Bd mixing phase-2χ: Bs mixing phaseγ: weak decay phase
( )( )βγπ
χγ
2
2 ,
*
*
+→
−→
→
DB
KDBDKDKB
d
ss
d
00 KccB →
ψφ/0 JBs →
,.....,,0 ρπρρππ→B
Wolfenstein: Vub= e−iγ
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 10
( ) ( )( ) ( )
0 0
0 0
( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )CP
CP CPf
CP CP
B t f B t fA t
B t f B t fΓ → − Γ →
=Γ → + Γ →
2
2 2
12 Im( ) 1 1
S Cλλ
λ λ−⋅
= =+ +
( ) sin( ) - cos( )CPfA t S m t C m t= ⋅ ∆ ⋅ ⋅ ∆ ⋅
0B
0B
CPfm
ixing
decay
CPfA
CPfA
decay
in Interference between Mixing and Decayin Interference between Mixing and Decay
0* *212 12
0212 12
iCP f
ifCP
f H B AM qM p Af H B
λ − Γ= ⋅ = ⋅
− ΓIf there is New Physicsit could be in the decay amplitude or the mixingamplitude( )1 Im , 0S Cλ λ= ⇒ = =
( ) Im( ) sin( ) CPfA t m tλ= ⋅ ∆ ⋅
For a single decay amplitude: |q/p|=1
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 11
BBdd Mixing Phase 2Mixing Phase 2ββ
0B 0 0 0,S LK K K→
1/ , (2 ), , c cJ Sy y c h
*0 0 0SK K π→
Belle
sin2 = +0.722 ± 0.040 ± 0.023β
368M pairsBB227M pairsBB
1sin2 = +0.652 ± 0.039 ± 0.020φ
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 12
SM test SM test -- sin2sin2ββ vsvs VubVubStocchi
sin2β =0.791±0.034from indirect determination sin2β =0.791±0.034
from indirect determination
sin2β=0.687±0.032From direct measurementsin2β=0.687±0.032
From direct measurementweak disagreement
3WAvg
(4.38 0.19 0.27) 10ubV −= ± ± ×expt mb, theory
13
γ from direct CP violation Cavoto
Interference when D final state common to both D0 and D0Interference when D final state common to both D0 and D0
Bi ie eδ γ−
( )( )B
A b urA b c
→=
→Relative size (rB) of B decay amplitudes
Larger rB, larger interference, better γ experimental precision
Br
( )σ γ(degrees)
0.1 0.2
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 14
γγ from Bfrom B-->DK >DK DalitzDalitz analysisanalysis
γ=75,δ=180,rB=0.125
Sensitivity to γ
DCS K*(892)
ρ(770)
Belle
γ=[67°±28°(stat.) ±13°(syst. exp.) ± 11°(Dalitz model*) ]BaBar CavotoGershon
Belle
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 15
Projected Projected γγ Precision from BPrecision from B-->DK >DK
Projected syserror due to D0 Dalitz plot Candidate for LHCb’s statistically
most precise determination of γσ(γ) ~ 5° in one year ? To be studied during this workshop …
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 16
cos2βUT with angles only
β
sin(2β)
γ
α
sin(β+γ)
η = 0.321 ± 0.027[0.266, 0.376] @ 95% Prob.
η = 0.321 ± 0.027[0.266, 0.376] @ 95% Prob.
ρ = 0.193 ± 0.057[0.083, 0.321] @ 95% Prob.
ρ = 0.193 ± 0.057[0.083, 0.321] @ 95% Prob.
η = 0.381 ± 0.030 [0.,320, 0.437] @ 95% Prob.
η = 0.381 ± 0.030 [0.,320, 0.437] @ 95% Prob.
ρ = 0.224 ± 0.042 [0.136, 0.306] @ 95% Prob.
ρ = 0.224 ± 0.042 [0.136, 0.306] @ 95% Prob.
Sides + εKUT FitUT Fit
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 17
CKM mechanism dominatesCKM mechanism dominatesNir
We are very likely beyond the era of « alternatives» to the CKM picture.NP would appear as «corrections» to the CKM picture
Is there still room for new physics ?
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 18
NP in Bd-Bd mixing (I)
Assumption no NP in tree-mediated decay amplitudes:– |Vub|/|Vcb| and γ are the main inputs constraining the CKM
Introduce NP in ∆B=2 transitions– accounted for model-independently through two additional parameters
)22cos()22sin(
,2
d
d
dd
cbub
mr
VV
θβθβ
+→+→
∆→
→
• The SM value on 2θd=0 is at theborder of the CLMax region.
• Shows slight disagreementbetween Vub and sin(2β).
• Any region with 2θd > π/2 and rd2 > 3
is discarded.
00
0022
BSMeffHB
BfulleffHB
diedr =
θ
Robert
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 19
NP in Bd-Bd mixing (II)
)()22cos()22sin(
/2
GGSZGLWADS
mr
VV
d
d
dd
cbub
++→+→+→
∆→
→
γθβθβ
• Two solutions for NP parametersemerge.
• Vub and γ constrain theCKM parameters.
Adding γ measurements. Robert
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 20
NP in Bd-Bd mixing (III)
Adding α measurements.
)222sin()22cos()22sin(
/2
γθβθβθβ
++→+→+→
∆→
→
d
d
d
dd
cbub
mr
VV
Reinforce the SM regionbut the preferred NP regionis not the one defined by γ.
The α constraint (w/o γ) displays also four solutions.
Robert
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 21
NP in Bd-Bd mixing (IV)
Robert
)222sin()(
)22cos()22sin(
/2
γθβγ
θβθβ
++→++→
+→+→
∆→
→
d
d
d
dd
cbub
GGSZGLWADS
mr
VV
γ and α are of major importance in constraining the NP parameters.
NB: sin(2β+2θd+γ) is not included.(almost no influence.)
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 22
NP in Bd-Bd mixing aSL in the gameRobert
212
12212
12SL
2cosIm2sinRed
dSM
d
dSM
rMrMa θθ
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛ Γ+⎟⎟
⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛ Γ−= (Γ12/M12 is considered here
at Leading Order)
Though the experimental precision is far from the prediction, aSL is a crucial input for constraining NP parameters. Only observable dependingon both rd
2 and 2θd. aSL= -0.0026 ± 0.0067(HFAG 2005)
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 23
NP parameters extraction
⎪⎩
⎪⎨⎧
−=
=+−
+−
deg3.52
92.02.38.8
73.023.0
2
d
dr
θ
SL
)(
2
)222sin(
)22cos()22sin(
/
a
mr
VV
d
GGSZGLWADSd
d
dd
cbub
→++→
→
+→+→
∆→
→
++
γθβαγ
θβθβ
(Uncertainties are given at 1σ)
Robert
The NP solution at π/2 has 1-CL < 3%.
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 24
Influence of non-pert. hadronic parameters in ∆md
2/BdBd ff σσ → 10/
BdBd ff σσ →
10/dd BB σσ →
2*222
2
)(6
dtbtdtWdBBBF
d rVVxSmBfmGmdd
ηπ
=∆
• As far as the lattice uncertainties are considered, fBd is therelevant parameter to improve.
• A factor 2 has important impact. A factor 10 is not decisivewith the current experimental uncertainties of the observables.
2/dd BB σσ →
10/dd BB σσ →
Robert
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 25
Motivation for continuing Motivation for continuing SM cannot be the ultimate theory– must be a low-energy effective theory of a more fundamental theory at a
higher energy scale, expected to be in the TeV region (accessible at LHC !)How can New Physics (NP) be discovered and studied ?– NP models introduce new particles, dynamics and/or symmetries at the
higher scale. These new particles could• be produced and discovered as real particles at energy frontier (LHC)• appear as virtual particles in loop processes, leading to observable deviations from
the pure SM expectations in flavour physics and CP violation
Standard Model
bB0
⎧ ⎨ ⎪
⎩ ⎪ d
t ss } φ
ds } K0
B0 → φK0 decay: “Penguin”diagram
W+
W Wb
Bs0
⎧ ⎨ ⎪
⎩ ⎪ s b
s ⎫ ⎬ ⎪
⎭ ⎪ B s
0t
t
Bs–Bs oscillations: “Box”diagram
–
∆msSM ∝ |Vts
2|,φs
SM = –arg(Vts2) = –
2λη2
New Physics
? ???
∆ms ≠φs ≠
??
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 26
New Physics in BNew Physics in Bss MixingMixing
Alternative NP parameterisation
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 27
Is there New Physics in mixing? Is there New Physics in mixing?
Agashe, Papucci, Perez, Pirjol
0 0s sB B
Current ( ) -1If 18 3 0 3 pssm . .D = ±
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 28
New Physics in BNew Physics in Bss oscillationsoscillations
Heavy Z' with FCNC.
bsZ'
b s Barger, Chiang, Jiang, Langacker Phys.Lett.B596:229-239,2004
phas
e
LLsb
Z
Z Bmm
'∝magnitude
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 29
LHCbLHCb (BTEV) or why yet another (BTEV) or why yet another BB--Physics Experiment?Physics Experiment? FM
B-Factories and Tevatronare doing great physics!
βρ
ηγ range
now
2007
1 yr L
HCb
Bd→J/ψKS Bd→ππ
Bs→J/ψφ Bs →DsK
2003
2007
|Vub/Vcb|
|Vtd/Vts|
Statistics# of reconstructedevents
Not enough!
γ and δγ poorly known
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 30
An Endangered Species Act for heavy An Endangered Species Act for heavy quarks in the US?quarks in the US? Hitlin
2003 2005 2005 2005
X X X X2006-2008
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 31
LHCbLHCb
Precision measurements of CKM angle γ
Bs mixing
Rare Hadronic decays
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 32
γγ from Bfrom Bss →→ DDssmmKK±±
Two tree decays (b→c and b→u) of O(λ3)– Interference via Bs mixing– Weak phase of Vub = e-iγ for b→u diagram– theoretically clean– insensitive to New Physics
Large Background ~20– from CKM allowed decay– need RICH, residual background ~10%
Expect 5.4 k events in 1 year – S/Bbb > 1 at 90% CL
πSs DB →0
]2
mass [GeV/csB5.3 5.35 5.4 5.45 5.5
0
500
1000
1500
2000Ds KDs π
With RICH
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 33
γγ from Bfrom Bss →→ DDssKK
Fit the 4 tagged time-dependent rates:– Extract φs + γ, strong phase
difference ∆, amplitude ratio– Bs→ Dsπ also used in the fit
to constrain other parameters (mistag rate, ∆ms, ∆Γs …)
σ(γ) ~ 14° in one year (if ∆ms = 20 ps–1)– expected to be statistically
limited– 8-fold ambiguity can
be resolved (→ 2-fold) if ∆Γs large enough, or using B0 → Dπ together with U-spin symmetry (Fleischer)
−0.5
−0.25
0
0.25
0.5
Asy
m (
Ds −
K+)
t [ps]
Asy
m (
Ds +
K− )
−0.5
−0.25
0
0.25
0.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Both DsK asymmetries (after 5 years, ∆ms = 20 ps
Ds–K+: info on ∆ + (γ + φs)
Ds+K–: info on ∆ – (γ + φs)
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 34
γγ from Bfrom B00 →→ DD00KK**00
Dunietz variant of Gronau-Wyler method– Two colour-suppressed diagrams with
|A2|/|A1| ~ 0.4 interfering via D0 mixing
Measure 6 decay rates (self-tagged + time-integrated):– LHCb expectations for 2 fb–1 (γ=65°, ∆=0)
A1 = A1
A2
A2 = A2 e−2iγA3
A4
γ∆
γ
Mode (+ cc) Yield S/Bbb(90%CL)
B0 → D0 (K+π−) K*0 3.4k
0.5k
0.6k
B0 → D0 (K−π+) K*0
> 2
> 0.3
B0 → D0CP (K+K−) K*0 > 0.3
→ σ(γ) ~ 8° in one year
A1 = A(B0 → D0K*0): b→c transition, phase 0A2 = A(B0 → D0K*0): b→u transition, phase ∆+γ
A3 = √2 A(B0 → DCPK*0) = A1+A2, because DCP=(D0+D0)/√2
d
b
ds uc
B0⎧ ⎨ ⎩
}D 0
}K*0
}D0
d
b
ds cu
B0⎧ ⎨ ⎩ }K*0
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 35
γγ from Bfrom B±± →→ DKDK±±
u u b c
u s
B–{ }D0}K–
colour-allowedu
b
u sc u
B–⎧ ⎨ ⎩
}D 0
}K–
colour-
Weak phase difference = γMagnitude ratio = rB ~ 0.15
New ADS (Atwood, Dunietz, Soni) method:– Clean measurement of γ for LHCb– Measure the relative rates of B– → DK– and B+ → DK+ decays with neutral
D’s observed in final states such as:• K–π+ and K+π–, K–π+π–π+ and K+π–π+π–, K+K–
– These depend on:• Relative magnitude, weak and strong phase between B– → D0K– and B– → D0K–
• Relative magnitudes and strong phases between D0 → K–π+ and DCS D0 → K–π+,and between D0 → K–π+π–π+ and D0 → K–π+π–π+
– Can solve for all unknowns, including the weak phase γCandidate for LHCb’s statistically most precise determination of γ– σ(γ) ~ 5° in one year ? To be studied during this workshop …
suppressed
[ also B →D0K, with D0→KSππ Dalitz analysis ]
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 36
γγ from Bfrom B00→π→π++ππ−− and Band Bss→→KK++KK−−
γ (°)
d
Bs → K+K−
(95% CL)
B0 → π+π−
(95% CL)
For each mode, measure time-dependent CP asymmetry:
– Adir and Amix depend on mixing phase, angle γ, and ratio of penguin to tree amplitudes = d eiθ
Exploit U-spin symmetry (Fleischer):– Assume dππ=dKK and θππ=θKK– 4 measurements and 3 unknowns
(taking mixing phases from other modes)→ can solve for γ
LHCb expectations (one year):– 26k B0→π+π−
– 37k Bs→K+K−
• Uncertainty from U-spin assumption• Sensitive to new physics in penguins
ACP(t) = Adir cos(∆mt) + Amix sin(∆mt)
→ σ(γ) ~ 5°
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 37
New Bs mixing results New Bs mixing results -- TevatronTevatronAyOldeman
D0 CDF
εD2=1.55±0.09% ∆ms >8.6ps-1,sensitivity 13.0ps-1
Nov 8, 2005Rolf Oldeman (University of Liverpool) Flavour studies and BSM searches at the Tevatron 38
New world averagelimit 14.5 → 16.6 ps-1
sensitivity 18.3 → 20.0 ps-1
Further improvements from•more data•more decay channels (e.g. Bs→Ds*π)•Same-side and opposite-side kaon tags
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 39
BBss oscillationsoscillations
Proper time (ps)
Eve
nts
1000
800
600
400
200
0 1 2 3 4 5
Perfect reconstruction
0
Proper time (ps)
Eve
nts
1000
800
600
400
200
0 1 2 3 4 5
Perfect reconstruction+ flavour tagging
0
Proper time (ps)
Eve
nts
1000
800
600
400
200
0 1 2 3 4 5
Perfect reconstruction+ flavour tagging+ proper time resolution
0
Proper time (ps)
Eve
nts
1000
800
600
400
200
0 1 2 3 4 5
Perfect reconstruction+ flavour tagging+ proper time resolution+ background
0
Proper time (ps)
Eve
nts
1000
800
600
400
200
0 1 2 3 4 5
Perfect reconstruction+ flavour tagging+ proper time resolution+ background+ acceptance
0
Measurement of ∆ms is one of the first LHCb physics goals– Expect 80k Bs → Ds
−π+ events per year (2 fb–1), average σt ~ 40 fs– S/B ~ 3 (derived from 107 fully simulated inclusive bb events)
Distribution of unmixed sample after 1 year (2 fb–1) assuming ∆ms = 20 ps-1
≥ 5σ observation of Bs oscillationsfor ∆ms < 68 ps–1
with 2 fb–1
]−1
[pssm∆40 60 80 100 120
Ασ
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9 = 1.0 ± 0.1simulatedτ∆/τ∆LHCb
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 40
BBss oscillationsoscillations
Current SM expectation of ∆ms (UTFit collab.):
LHC reach for 5σ observation:
ATLAS/CMS 30 fb–1 3 years
LHCb 0.25 fb–1 1/8 year
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 43
NP in b NP in b →→ s Transitionss TransitionsIn the Standard Model we expect the same value for “sin2β ” in
modes, but different SUSY models can produce different asymmetriesSince the penguin modes have branching fractions one or two orders of magnitude less than tree modes, need large luminosity (Super-B factory) or large cross section (LHCb)
0 0/ SB J Ky®
, , ,b ccs b ccd b sss b dds® ® ® ®
* *2
* * ( 1) itb td cb cstree
tb td cb cs
q A V V V V ep A V V V V
bl h -= = = -* *
2* * ( 1) itb td tb ts
penguintb td tb ts
q A V V V V ep A V V V V
bl h -= = = -
0 0SB Kf®
In general SJ/ψKs ≠ SφKs ; CJ/ψKs ≠ CφKs
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 44
~tb tsV V 2λ∗∝
b
d
t
d
ss
s0', fη
0K
iub us uV V R e4 γλ∗ −∝ ~
W −bd
d
uu
0', fη
s 0K
0K
b
d
t
d
ss
s
~tb tsV V 2λ∗∝
φ b
dgu
d
ss
W −
4~ iub us uV V R e γλ∗ −∝
0Ksφ
0 0SB Kf®
0 0SB Kh¢®
b sss , sdd®
4400 0SB J/ Ky®
b sss , sdd®
5
29
4
B x10-6
mode
Penguin and Trees in . Penguin and Trees in .
φφ→0sB b
d
t
d
ss
s
~tb tsV V 2λ∗∝
φ
ss
φ
Issues: triggering, charged/neutral vertexing, ….
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 46
How good are the SM predictions?How good are the SM predictions?Two body:
Beneke, PLB 620 (2005) 143
-sin2penguinS β∆ =
Three body:Cheng, Chua & Soni,
hep-ph/0506268
Calculations within framework of QCD
factorization
greblu
y =e = 1
fulls
ig ae
mrang
±
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 47
squarksquark mass matrix (mass matrix (dd sector)sector)Flavour structure:SuperB, LHCb
Mass spectrum: LHC, LC
Flavour mixing parametrizationb s (23), b d (13)
( ) ( )2
dijd AB
ij AB m
Dd =
%
d d
s
s Ks
η’
B0 g
g~b s
+(δ 23
dRR)b
~R
s~R
f
0SK
0B
b
s
s
d ds
Off diagonal terms can provide unique information on CP phases
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 48
sin2sin2ββ from from HadronicHadronic PenguinsPenguins
Limits on SUSY mass insertion parameters
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 49
LHCbLHCb BBss →→ φφKKS S
Most recent study by YuehongAll together 1595 events out of 476K events generated in acceptance pass L0*L1 and final selection cuts without considering HLT and taggingNominal annual untagged events
– Compared with ~800 events/year in lhcb-note 2004-001Further reduced by HLT inefficiency: factor of XX?
[ ] [ ] [ ]1270
476000/15953471.0104.11078.0
2
/
612
=×××××=
××⋅=−
∏ EfficiencytotalBrN
yearN
Bd
selected
Yuehong
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 50
Work by YuehongUse signal sampleFit B [mass constrain B] Choose PV with smallest IP significanceDirection fitSet direction fit χ2 cut to for 90% signal eff.Check bg rejectionOnly half bg. Left with mass constraintno bias for mass or life time is induced by the B mass constraintAlternative method: use direction fit to improve B massPlan
– Study Bs→φφ reconstruction and sensitivity (Judith, Yuehong, FM)
Association inefficiency
All Bg. –Rejected –Retained –
B mass
No B mass
LHCbLHCb BBss →→ φφφφYuehong
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 52
KK++ →→ ππ++νννν at CERN/SPSat CERN/SPS
100 eventsMean: SM
100 eventsMean: E787/949
Present (E787/949): BR(K+→π+νν) = 1.47 ×10−10 +1.30‐0.89
Current constraint on
ρ,η plane
P326 at SPS CERN80 events
Ruggiero
FPCP2004 55
-40
-20
0
20
40
-40 -20 0 20 40A9/A7
A10
/A7
(a) negative A7
A9/A7
A10
/A7B->K*l+l- F-B asymmetry
357fb-1 (386M BB)N(K*ll)=114+-14 (purity 44%)Unbinned M.L. fit to dΓ2/dsd(cosθ)– 8 event categories
• Signal + 3 cross-feed + 4 bkg.– Ali et al’s form factor– Fix |A7| to SM– Float A9/A7 and A10/A7
Results;
w/negative A7 (SM like)
w/positive A7
��A9/A7
A10/A7
Sign of A9A10 is negative !See Hep-ex/0508009 &A.Ishikawa’s talk at EPS05
Belle, 2005 Iijima
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 56
KoppenburgIijimaPlayferAFB in B AFB in B →→ K*K*llll
@ 5ab-1 @ 50ab-1δC9 ~ 11%δC10 ~14%δ q0
2/q02 ~11% ~5%
Expected precision
Super B-factoryLHCb
Nov 8, 2005Rolf Oldeman (University of Liverpool) Flavour studies and BSM searches at the Tevatron 57
Bs→µ+µ- at Tevatron
Combined limit:•Bs→µ+µ- <1.5×10-7
hep-ex/0508058
CDF 360 pb-1
300pb-1
Bs→µ+µ-
<2.0×10-7
Bs→µ+µ-
<3.9×10-7
Excluded!
CDF & D0
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 58
BBss →→ µµ++µµ–– at LHCat LHCSchneiderSpeerNikitine
Very rare decay, sensitive to new physics:– BR ~ 3.5 × 10–9 in SM, can be strongly enhanced in SUSY– Current limit from Tevatron (CDF+D0): 1.5 × 10–7 at 95% CL
Bs →µ+ µ–
signal (SM)b →µ, b →µbackground
Single event sensit. [10-10]
1 yr - 2 fb–1 < 100~ 20~ 60
< 1< 6.4
10 fb–1
30 fb–1
2.70.9
10 fb–1
100 fb–1
Inclusive bb background
LHCb 17 < 7500721
726
ATLAS
CMS
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 60
SummarySummaryTable from G. Isidori
Still a lot of room for B physics contributions from LHC !
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 61
Pattern of Deviation from SMPattern of Deviation from SMTable from M. HazumiUnitarity triangle Rare decays
Bd-unitarity
ε ∆m(Bs) B->φKS B->Xsγindirect CP
b->sγdirect CP
mSUGRA - - - - - +SU(5)SUSY GUT + nR(degenerate)
- + + - + -
SU(5)SUSY GUT + nR(non-degenerate)
- - + ++ +++
U(2) Flavor symmetry + + + ++ ++ ++
++: Large, +: sizable, -: small“DNA Identification” of New Physics from Flavor Structure
T.Goto, Y.Okada, Y.Shimizu,T.Shindou, M.Tanaka (2002, 2004) + SuperKEKB LoI
PPE seminar, 16 Nov 2005 Franz Muheim 62
ConclusionsConclusionsCKM mechanism is very likely dominant source for CPV in quark sector
– B-factories (BaBar and BELLE) have succeeded beyond their own expectations– Complete alternatives ruled out, e.g. superweak– Size and phase of NP contributions in Bd mixing (b → d) severely constrained– Large corrections in b → s transitions still possible, e.g. Bs mixing
The hadronic flavour sector will contribute significantly to the overall LHCeffort to find and study New Physics beyond the SM
– New Physics will be probed at LHC in B meson loop decays• Unique access to excellent b→s observables
Bs mixing magnitude and phase, exclusive b→sµµ, B→µµ• Large phase space can already be covered with the first 107 s of data
– LHCb will improve precision on CKM angles• Several γ measurements from tree decays: σstat(γ) ~2.5° in 5 years• May reveal inconsistencies with other/indirect measurements after several years
– Looking forward to start of LHC machinecommissioning and first collisions in 2007
• LHCb aiming for complete detector in early 2007, ready to exploit nominal luminosity from day 1
• Possible competition ATLAS/CMS in specific areas
• Any evidence of NP from B factories?
LHC tunnel
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