first aid awareness

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Humanitarian Peace Humanitarian Peace support Schoolsupport School

Bethuel Aliwa – Bethuel Aliwa – EMT/EMS-IEMT/EMS-I

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You are in a convoy of 4 vehicles from an assignment. Suddenly on a bend, a young boy runs across the road. The lead vehicle suddenly skids and is banged behind by another one. Due to the commotion, the third one looses control and rolls several times before landing in a ditch. Luckily you are in the fourth car. It is raining heavily. The injured are screaming for Help. What do you do????

Incident Incident ManagementManagement

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A – Assess the situationM – Make area safeE – Emergency AidG – Get helpA - Aftermath

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Incident ManagementIncident Management

Scene safety & Body Substance Isolation

Determine Responsiveness (Activate EMS)

Ensure an open Airway Normal BreathingCirculation including presence of bleeding

Mental status

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S Signs and Symptoms "What is the problem?"

A Allergies "Are you allergic to anything?"

M Medications"Do you take any medications?"

P Pertinent History"Are you currently seeing a doctor for anything?"

L Last Oral Intake"When was the last time

E Events"What were you doing when this happened?"

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Chest Compressions

Nipple line

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“Push hard, push fast & allow the chest to recoil”

Minimize interruptions of compression10:51:17 PM

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Foreign Body Airway Obstruction in Adults (FBAO)

Ask “ are you Ask “ are you choking”choking”

Heimlich Heimlich maneuver Adultmaneuver Adult

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Management of FBAO in Infants

5 Chest thrust5 Chest thrust 5 Back slaps5 Back slaps

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13:31:57

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Bleeding: (comes in two major forms)oExternal bleeding.oInternal bleeding.oOthers sources include (nose bleeding)

Contusion◦Blood vessel disruption beneath epidermis

◦Swelling, pain, blueness May occur 24 to 48 hours after injury

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Partial-thickness injury Scraping or rubbing away of layers of skin

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Deep abrasion caused by a fall from a bicycle

Tear, split, or incision of skin◦Size and depth vary depending on injury sites and wounding mechanism

◦May be significant bleeding

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Large wound caused by barbed wire

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Impaled objects

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Impaled objects

Complete or partial loss of limb due to mechanical force Bleeding is a potentially fatal complication

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Gives the body shape

Protects internal organs

Provides for support & movement

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Break in the continuity of the skin.

Break in the continuity of the skin.

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Open Injuries (fracture)

Closed Injuries(fracture)No break in the continuity of

the skin.No break in the continuity of

the skin.

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Dislocationo Movement of a bone at a joint away from the

normal position.o More obvious than a fracture.o Often forms a bump, ridge (fold) or hollow.

Ball-and-Socket JointBall-and-Socket Joint Hinge JointHinge Joint

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Sprain o Tearing of ligament at a jointo May swell & can involve fractures or dislocationso Most often occurs in the ankle, knee, wrist or finger

joint.

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?

Burn involves all dermal layers and may include muscle, bone, or

organs Dry and leathery skin; Charred Little or no sensation; hard to the

touch; pain at periphery

Full Thickness Burn(3rd Degree)

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Assessment

And Care

Body Substance Isolation & do a Body Surface AreaHelp the casualty lie down (as this may help prevent shock).Cut around areas of clothing that adhere to patient; do not attempt to remove adhere fabric.Cover the injured area with a sterile dressing to protect it from infection.

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Stop TheBurningProcess

Within first 10 minutes of injury, if possible.

Remove jewelry and any clothing on fire; (advise the victim to STOP, DROP & ROLL)Be ready to resuscitate (burn to the face)

Use water or saline to cool burn injuries

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Airway Burns

•Singed nasal hairs

• Facial burns

• Burned flecks of carbon in sputum

• Sooty or smoky smell on breath

• Respiratory distress

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Triage is the single most important decision involving management of mass casualty incidences.

Agencies in hostile areas are encouraged to develop Mass casualty plans for their facilities based on operating capacity and resources

It important for all staff to know about the plan.