first age of empires. section 1 the egyptian and nubian empires
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First Age of Empires
Section 1The Egyptian and Nubian Empires
Setting the Stage
Egypt had a united kingdom around 3100 b.c.e.
During the Middle kingdom periods… Trade with
Mesopotamia and Indus Valley enriched Egypt
600 miles South, in Thebes A major kingdom
developed, Nubia Nubian Kingdom of
Kush traded with Egypt
Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt Middle Kingdom
prosperous Weak pharaohs
led country to fall to invaders.
Hyksos invade and rule Egypt from 1640-1570 B.C.
Hebrews Migrate To Egypt During Hyksos rule, Hebrews settled
in Egypt Two groups racially similar;
Egyptians resented them being there
Expulsion and Slavery
Around 1600 B.C., Egypt's power gets restored
Queen Ahhotep and Pharaoh Kamose helped drive out the Hyksos
Hebrews forced into slavery until the Exodus
The New Kingdom of Egypt 1570-1075
B.C. New pharaohs
set to build an empire…what is an empire?
Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule
Declared self pharaoh because stepson was too young
Spent focus on trade rather than war
Thutmose the Empire Builder Stepson to
Hatshepsut Warlike ruler Went into
Palestine, Syria and Nubia
Egypt once again became a powerful empire
The Egyptians and the Hittites Taking over Syria
and Palestine brought conflict with the Hittites
Large battle at Kadesh
Pharaoh, Ramses II, and Hittite king agreed to a treaty (read pg 91)
An Age of Builders
• Huge buildings erected
• Ramses II built elaborate temples
An Age of Builders Continued
• Treasures buried at the Valley of the Kings near Thebes
The Empire Declines
1200 B.C. Ramses died All of the
Mediterranean invaded
Merenptah was probably the last great king of the 19th Dynasty. His reign was followed by dynastic upheaval that led to the decline of the dynasty.
Invasions by Land and Sea Egyptian and
Hittite kingdoms were attacked
“Sea Peoples” caused destruction They were
possibly the Philistines
Egyptians also attacked by Palestines and Libyans
Egypt's’ Empire Fades
Egypt never recovered
Egypt broke into small kingdoms
Libyan’s pharaohs ruled Egypt but adopted their way of life Nubians will do
the same
The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region Egypt had
controlled Nubia, and its kingdom Kush.
During Hyksos rule, Kush became more powerful.
The People of Nubia
Kush, a Nubian kingdom, was a trading spot
1st Nubian kingdom, Kerma
Nubian Facts You do not need to write this!
To get boats past the cataracts, Nubians constructed slipways along the river banks-troughlike roads filled with mud. Logs embedded every 18 inches or so in the slippery substance rotated easily, allowing the Nubians to drag their boats around the cataracts
In Nubia, kings inherited their royal status through their mothers. One king listed seven generations of female ancestors to prove he was royal enough to rule. At Meroe, women sometimes ruled independently.
Nubian Transportation Royal Women in Nubia
Egyptian Influence on Nubian Culture You do not need to write this!
Temples and Pyramids Statues
You do not need to write this! Nubia was also
called - Upper & Lower Nubia, Kush, Land of Kush, Te-Nehesy, Nubadae, Napata, or the Kingdom of Meroei.
The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia When Egypt
controlled Kush, they had great cultural influence
Kush regained independence and they felt they should be in control of Egypt, not the Libyans
Piankhi Captures the Egyptian throne Kushite king,
Piankhi, overthrew the Libyan dynasty United Nile
Valley Short dynasty,
taken over by the Assyrians
The Golden Age of Meroe
After being defeated, the Kushite royal family moved to Meroe
Meroe became a major trading center
The Wealth of Kush
Differences between Egypt and Meroe Meroe had
rainfall Meroe had
abundant supplies of iron ore
The Decline of Meroe
Meroe declined Kingdom of
Aksum dominated trade and defeated the Meroe
Assyria will come to dominate Egypt
Who was in Control?
Egypt (2x’s) Libya Assyrians (2x’s) Kush Aksum Hyksos
Egypt Hyksos Egypt (broken into
parts) Libya Kush (Piankhi) Assyrians Aksum takes over
Meroi where the Kush went to
Assyrians
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