fire scar fire scar with dates fire scars
Post on 30-Dec-2015
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Cross section of a Rocky Mountain juniper (Cross section of a Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorumJuniperus scopulorum) snag found in ) snag found in El Malpais National Monument near Grants, New Mexico (it's about 3 feet across) El Malpais National Monument near Grants, New Mexico (it's about 3 feet across) This tree had a pith date of 256 BC and an outer ring of about AD 1320, making This tree had a pith date of 256 BC and an outer ring of about AD 1320, making
this tree nearly 1,600 years old when it died!this tree nearly 1,600 years old when it died!
A cross section from a white spruce (A cross section from a white spruce (Picea glaucaPicea glauca) that was struck by a ) that was struck by a snow avalanche (impact scar on the left side of the section) in the snow avalanche (impact scar on the left side of the section) in the
Canadian Rocky Mountains near Alberta, CanadaCanadian Rocky Mountains near Alberta, Canada
This is the "Bannister Tree," a Douglas-fir (This is the "Bannister Tree," a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesiiPseudotsuga menziesii) which ) which has an inside date of about 200 B.C. and an outside date of about A.D. has an inside date of about 200 B.C. and an outside date of about A.D.
550.550.
This ponderosa pine tree (This ponderosa pine tree (Pinus ponderosaPinus ponderosa) was growing alongside a ) was growing alongside a stream in Pine Canyon in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern stream in Pine Canyon in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern
Arizona. The impact scar on the right was from a flood. Notice the resin Arizona. The impact scar on the right was from a flood. Notice the resin behind the scar and how the tree leaned to its left after it was struck by behind the scar and how the tree leaned to its left after it was struck by
the flood water.the flood water.
A cross section of a giant sequoia (A cross section of a giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteumSequoiadendron giganteum) showing a ) showing a remarkable release in growth (notice the wider rings that start in the remarkable release in growth (notice the wider rings that start in the
middle of the photo) following a widespread and intense fire in A.D. 1297middle of the photo) following a widespread and intense fire in A.D. 1297
A close-up of a cross-section of a giant sequoia (A close-up of a cross-section of a giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron Sequoiadendron giganteumgiganteum) showing numerous fire scars and the growth patterns that ) showing numerous fire scars and the growth patterns that
resultedresulted
KINDS OF WOODKINDS OF WOOD
Softwood comes from needle Softwood comes from needle leaf, evergreen trees called leaf, evergreen trees called conifersconifers
Hardwood comes from Hardwood comes from broadleaf trees that lose their broadleaf trees that lose their leaves each fall season, leaves each fall season, called deciduous trees. Kinds called deciduous trees. Kinds of Woodsof Woods
Softwood typesSoftwood types
White pine Easy to work with, straight
Yellow pine Wear resistant and tough
Fir Light, straight, and strong
Redwood Excellent decay resistance
Cedar Light and easy to split
Spruce Light, straight, strong and resonant
Uses of Softwood TypesUses of Softwood Types
White pineWhite pine – shelving, – shelving, interior finish, exterior interior finish, exterior trim, and door framestrim, and door frames
Yellow pineYellow pine – benches, – benches, stairs, where semi-hard stairs, where semi-hard surface is desiredsurface is desired
FirFir – framing members, – framing members, siding, sheathing, and siding, sheathing, and gatesgates
RedwoodRedwood – posts, – posts, fences, patios, and fences, patios, and sidingsiding
CedarCedar – fence posts, – fence posts, sills, and shinglessills, and shingles
SpruceSpruce – aviation and – aviation and musical instruments musical instruments
HARDWOOD TYPESHARDWOOD TYPES
Oak Tough, strong, and open-grained
Walnut Beautiful, brown, open grain
Maple Very durable and light-grained
Mahogany Grain is straight to interlocked, texture is medium to coarse and uniform
Birch Straight, close grain and a fine, even texture
Uses of Hardwood TypesUses of Hardwood Types
OakOak - used in floors, - used in floors, interior finish, barrels, interior finish, barrels, furniturefurniture
WalnutWalnut – used for fine – used for fine furniture, boat building, furniture, boat building, clock casesclock cases
MapleMaple – used for floors, – used for floors, interior finish, furniture, interior finish, furniture, and guitar necksand guitar necks
MahoganyMahogany – is used for – is used for fine furniture, boat fine furniture, boat interiors, pianos, interiors, pianos,
Birch Birch – used for surface – used for surface veneer on cabinets and veneer on cabinets and doors, Furniture, high-doors, Furniture, high-grade joinery, high-grade joinery, high-grade plywoodgrade plywood
DEFECT VS. BLEMISHDEFECT VS. BLEMISH
A Lumber defect is an irregularity in or on the A Lumber defect is an irregularity in or on the wood that reduces its strength, durability, or wood that reduces its strength, durability, or usefulnessusefulness
A Lumber blemish is a defect that impairs only A Lumber blemish is a defect that impairs only the wood’s appearancethe wood’s appearance
Common Lumber DefectsCommon Lumber Defects
Knots Knots HolesHoles SplitsSplits ShakesShakes Pitch pocketsPitch pockets
Honey combingHoney combing WaneWane DecayDecay Blue StainBlue Stain WarpWarp
Basic Lumber GradesBasic Lumber Grades
Select – Select – Grades A & B Grades A & B
suitable for natural suitable for natural finishesfinishes
Grades C & D are Grades C & D are suitable for paint suitable for paint finishesfinishes
Common – Common – Common #1, 2, and 3 Common #1, 2, and 3
are suitable for use are suitable for use without wastewithout waste
Common # 4 and 5 Common # 4 and 5 are suitable for use are suitable for use permitting wastepermitting waste
Factors to Consider when Factors to Consider when Selecting LumberSelecting Lumber
Quality construction does not require that all Quality construction does not require that all the lumber be of the best gradethe lumber be of the best grade
Several grades of lumber may be appropriate Several grades of lumber may be appropriate in a single structure in a single structure
Good economical construction requires the Good economical construction requires the proper use of the lowest grade lumber suitable proper use of the lowest grade lumber suitable for the purposefor the purpose
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