final long run report
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Presented by: Friends of Blackwater/North ForkWatershed Project
Saveblackwater.org
AbstractAcid ine !rainage has signi"cantly changed the che#ical and $hysical
as$ects of the North Fork Watershed
%&A' '(A!S )N &*% N(+&* F(+,
WA&%+S*%! (F &*% B'A-,WA&%+
+)%+
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements2
Abbreviations.............................................................................................................3Introduction........4
Summary !et"ods #sed...$
%isual &e'resentations()*am'le +ra'"s...,
'- +ra'"s...
/low +ra'"s...........0
Iron 1oad +ra'"s...
Aluminum +ra'"s.
!anganese +ra'"s
-ot Acidity +ra'"s.......2
/igures and Conclusion.........3
!a' of Sam'ling Sites..4
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
Acknowledgements
T"is re'ort was com'leted using data collected wit"in t"e last two years from various sam'ling
sites in t"e 5ort" /ork waters"ed collected by current and 'revious AmeriCor's members and
/67 volunteers. Aut"ors of t"is re'ort are AmeriCor's %ISTA t"roug" 6ffice of Surface !ining
wit" /riends of 7lackwater Canyon8 !onica 9abroski :irector of /riends of 7lackwater
Canyon8 ;udy &odd 6utreac" coordinator for /riends of 7lackwater Canyon8 7randae !ullins
and t"e generous "el' from 'revious AmeriCor's %ISTAs. :ata collected and inter'reted wit"
t"e aid of !artin C"rist 5ort"ern7asin Coordinator from
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
Abbreviations87urns 7lowout( 7urns 7lowout outflow
/67( /riends of 7lackwater Canyon
!ine 2( !ine =ortal 2 Combined outflow
5ort" /ork of t"e 7lackwater &iver( 5/7& or 5ort" /ork
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
Introduction8
T"e 5ort" /ork of t"e 7lackwater &iver is located in Tucker County 5/7
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
Summary8
T"e gra'"s below e*'lain t"e damage caused to t"e 5ort" /ork by inter'reting t"e '- /low
Iron load Aluminum load and t"e 'resent -ot Acidity. T"ese gra'"s will give t"e basic
understanding of "ow im'erative it is to remediate t"ese disc"arges es'ecially from 1ong &un.
!et"ods #sed8
:ata collected from numerous sites were used to create t"e following gra'"s. T"ese sam'ling
sites include8
5ort" /ork below T"omas :am
Snyder &unAbove 7urns 7lowout
7urns 7lowout
Above !ine =ortal 2!ine =ortal 2 combined flow
7elow !ine =ortal 2 combine flow
)nd of $D>3DAluminum2? F >3DIron$,? F >2D!anganese$$? F >DG('-?(Alkalinity?D/low2
T"en load >'ounds 'er year? of Iron and Aluminum were calculated as suc" to create t"e load
gra'"s8
>Iron >mls?D/low >1s??D,.$0
>Aluminum >mls?D/low >1s??D,.$0
D-ot Acidity is eHualed to t"e (5et Alkalinity >base? 'resent in t"e water.
%isual &e'resentation8
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
)*am'le 8
A stacked bar gra'" allows for t"e data to e*'lain t"e sum at one 'oint on t"e 5ort" /ork of t"e 7lackwater &iver.
5ort" /ork being t"e main stem of t"e measured area and tributary being t"e maor disc"arge streams into t"e 5ort"/ork. /or e*am'le t"e stacked gra'" marked @1ong &un confluence is e*'laining t"at t"e sum of t"e bar is
eHualed to t"e measured data above 1ong &un 'lus t"e measured data t"at is disc"arge from 1ong &un. T"e bar
called @1ong &un s"ould be t"e sum of all t"e additions. It is noticed t"roug"out t"is re'ort t"at t"e bars do not add
u' and t"ere is a degree of c"ange. &efer to t"is gra'" to "el' understand t"e stacked bar gra'"s wit"in t"is 'acket.
)*am'le 28
T"is gra'"
re'resents t"e '- c"ange to t"e 5ort" /ork as eac" tributary enters. )ac" label re'resent t"e tributary at t"at 'oint along t"e river.
&iver mile 3.$ is t"e beginning of t"e sam'ling sites ust below T"omas dam in T"omas and ends at roug"ly river mile ust
below 1ong &un. 5ote t"at !iddle &un and )nd of
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
T"e following gra'"s are outlined in suc" a way t"at a timeline of com'arative inter'retation can
be witnessed. >=lease make note t"at t"ere are certain sites on certain dates t"at t"ere was no data
collected.?
. '- J e*'resses t"e amount of Acidity or Alkalinity wit"in t"e water measured. Above is"ig"er Alkalinity and below will be more acidic.
T"ese gra'"s give an idea t"at t"e 5ort" /ork
graduals decreases in '- as we move
downstream and acHuires more Acid !ine
:isc"arge. 1ong &un 'resent t"e most
influence u'on t"e stream. At t"e 'oint w"ere
1ong &un enters t"e stream t"e 5ort" /ork
"as a significant decreases in Alkalinity.
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
2. /low( Huantity of disc"arge at a given 'oint
/low c"anges wit" season and weat"er. T"e
more 'reci'itation you "ave wit"in t"e
waters"ed t"e "ig"er t"e flow will be. T"e
"ig"er t"e tem'erature t"e "ig"er rate of
eva'oration and t"is goes along wit" t"e
current season. T"ese gra'"s "ave a certain
disconnect between t"at relations"i'. /or
instance t"e flow in ;une 2$ is roug"ly t"e
same as /ebruary 2$. Ket /ebruary 23
"as a lower flow t"an in /ebruary of 2$.
3. Iron 1oad
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
It can be seen "ere t"at 1ong &un is t"e maor contributor of Iron to t"e 5/7&. /ebruary 2$
s"ows t"e most Iron load from 1ong &un out of all of t"e dates. T"is can "ave a relations"i' wit"
t"e flow on t"is date. A 'ossibility is t"at a "ig"er flow can yield a "ig"er Iron load.
4. Aluminum 1oad8
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
T"ere is anot"er relations"i' wit" flow and
Aluminum as noticed wit" t"e Iron load. T"e
"ig"er t"e flow t"e "ig"er t"e Aluminum load.
Also it is seen t"at 1ong &un is a maor
contributor to 5/7&.
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
$. !anganese 1oad8
!anganese is 'resent during bot" mont"s and "ave an intolerable "ig" load. It is noticed t"at
!ine 2 and 1ong &un contribute muc" of t"e !anganese t"at is 'resent in t"e 5ort" /ork.
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
,. -ot Acidity( t"e conce't of t"e gra'"s is to 'oint out t"e alkalinity 'resent. T"erefore
negative tons of acidity >Alkalinity? could be used to neutraliLe @M tons of acidity.
-ot Acidity is eHualed to t"e lack of
Alkalinity in t"e water t"at is needed to
neutraliLe t"e intensity of t"e acid. T"is is
one of t"e most im'ortant conce'ts involved
wit" Acid !ine :rainage. As t"e disc"arges
"it t"e 5ort" /ork t"e acidity of t"e waterincreases. T"is is evident wit" every date
'ictured.
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
Table 8 T"is table re'resents t"e 1ime >CaC63? t"at is needed to neutraliLe t"e '- t"roug"out
t"e year based on arc"ival data.
Conclusion8
In conclusion it is believed t"at t"e data collected s"ows a decrease in '- an increase in metals
and an increase in t"e amount of alkalinity t"at needs to be added in order for t"e water to reac"
a 'oint of neutrality. T"e largest contributor to t"e 'roblem is 1ong &un w"ic" is t"e furt"est
'oint downstream t"at is monitored by /riends of 7lackwater. A!: t"at is disc"arged from
multi'le non(source 'oints is t"e most critical im'act to t"is waters"ed.
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&he %ects of Acid ine !rainage in the North Fork of the Blackwater +iver
Image 8 T"is ma' de'icts t"e sam'ling sites t"at /67 monitors.
Image 28 T"is ma' visualiLes t"e in'ut of )nd of
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