figure 7-1 incandescent lamps: (a) high wattage lamp; (b) parts of the lamp. [(a) courtesy of...

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FIGURE 7-1 Incandescent lamps: (a) high wattage lamp; (b) parts of the lamp. [(a) Courtesy of Litetronics.]

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

(a)

FIGURE 7-1 continued Incandescent lamps: (a) high wattage lamp; (b) parts of the lamp. [(a) Courtesy of Litetronics.]

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

(b)

FIGURE 7-2 Operating principle of a florescent lamp: (1) filament glows when ac current flows through it; (20 when the starter opens, the ballast discharges to ionize the mercury (Hg) atoms; (3) ultraviolet radiation is given off by Hg atoms; (4) visible light is produced.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-3 Circuit for a fluorescent lamp.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-5 Mercury vapor lamps: (a) cutaway view of a mercury vapor lamp; (b) commercial mercury vapor lamp. [(b) courtesy of Philips Lighting Co.]

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

(a)

FIGURE 7-5 continued Mercury vapor lamps: (a) cutaway view of a mercury vapor lamp; (b) commercial mercury vapor lamp. [(b) courtesy of Philips Lighting Co.]

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

(b)

FIGURE 7-6 Sodium vapor lamp.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-7 Resistance heating element (Courtesy of Williamson Co.)

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-8 Principle of induction heating.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-9 Dielectric (capacitive) heating.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-10 Basic parts of a dc motor.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-11 Motor principle: (a) no current flows through rotor conductor; (b) direction of circular magnetic fields around the motor conductors when current flows; (c) compression points produced at A and B when current flows through rotor conductors-causing rotation.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

FIGURE 7-12 Right-hand motor rule.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-12 continued Right-hand motor rule.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-13 Dc motor operating characteristics.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-14 permanent magnet dc motor: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

FIGURE 7-14 continued permanent magnet dc motor: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-15 Series-wound dc motor: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-16 Shunt-wound dc motor: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-17 Field rheostat used to control dc motor speed. As Rheostat resistance increases, field current decreases, causing magnetic field strength to decrease and motor speed to increase.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

FIGURE 7-18 Reversing the direction of rotation of dc motors.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-18 continued Reversing the direction of rotation of dc motors.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-19 Three-phase ac induction motor. (Courtesy of Westinghouse Electric Corp.)

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-20 Operational principle of a three-phase ac induction motor.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-21 Diagram of a three-phase ac synchronous motor.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-22 Methods of starting three-phase as synchronous motors: (a) auxiliary dc motor/generator used to accelerate the motor; (b) squirrel-cage or damper windings placed in the rotor.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

FIGURE 7-23 Universal motor: (a) pictorial; (b) schematic.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

FIGURE 7-24 Operation of a single-phase ac induction motor.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-25 Squirrel-cage rotor: (a) internal construction; (b) assembled rotor.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-26 Spilt-phase ac induction motor. (Courtesy of Dayton Manufacturing Co.)

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-27 Operation of a split-phase ac motor: (a) two-pole motor with single-phase as applied; (b) motor with two-phase ac applied; (c) motor with three-phase ac applied.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-27 continued Operation of a split-phase ac motor: (a) two-pole motor with single-phase as applied; (b) motor with two-phase ac applied; (c) motor with three-phase ac applied.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

FIGURE 7-27 continued Operation of a split-phase ac motor: (a) two-pole motor with single-phase as applied; (b) motor with two-phase ac applied; (c) motor with three-phase ac applied.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

FIGURE 7-28 Split-phase ac motor: (a) schematic; (b) waveforms.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

(a)

FIGURE 7-28 continued Split-phase ac motor: (a) schematic; (b) waveforms.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

(b)

FIGURE 7-29 Capacitor-start ac motor: (a) cutaway view; (b) schematic diagram. [(a) Courtesy of Dayton Electric Manufacturing Co.]

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

(a)

FIGURE 7-29 continued Capacitor-start ac motor: (a) cutaway view; (b) schematic diagram. [(a) Courtesy of Dayton Electric Manufacturing Co.]

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

FIGURE 7-30 Waveforms of a capacitor-start ac motor.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-31 Other types of capacitor motors: (a) capacitor-start, capacitor-run motor; (b) permanent capacitor motor.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-32 Shaded-pole ac induction motor.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-33 Operating principle of a shaded-pole ac motor

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-34 Synchro systems: (a) schematic diagram; (b) circuit-R1 and R2 are rotor connections and S1, S2, and S3 are stator connections.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

FIGURE 7-34 continued Synchro systems: (a) schematic diagram; (b) circuit-R1 and R2 are rotor connections and S1, S2, and S3 are stator connections.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

(b)

FIGURE 7-35 Servomotor. (Courtesy of Superior Electric Co.)

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-36 Dc stepping motor construction. (Courtesy of Superior Electric Co.)

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-37 Stator coil placement of stepping motor: (a) one set of stator coils-rotor can move in either direction; (b) two sets of stator coils-rotor will move in a clockwise direction.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-38 Dc stepping motor rotor construction. (Courtesy of Superior Electric Co.)

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-39 Block diagram of a motor control circuit.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-40 Pushbutton switches. [(a) Courtesy of Cutler-Hammer Co. (b) courtesy of Furnas Electric Co.]

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

(a)

FIGURE 7-41 Limit switches.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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(b)

FIGURE 7-42 Fuses and circuit breakers: (a) fuses with holders; (b) internal construction of a circuit breaker. [(a) Courtesy of Cooper Industries; (b) courtesy of Heinemann Electric.]

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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(a)

FIGURE 7-42 continued Fuses and circuit breakers: (a) fuses with holders; (b) internal construction of a circuit breaker. [(a) Courtesy of Cooper Industries; (b) courtesy of Heinemann Electric.]

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

(b)

FIGURE 7-43 Manual motor starter. (Courtesy of Furnas Electric Co.)

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-44 Magnetic motor starter. (Courtesy of Furnas Electric Co.)

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-45 Control center. (Courtesy of Russelectric Inc.)

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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FIGURE 7-46 A start-stop pushbutton control circuit with overload protection (one-line diagram).

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

FIGURE 7-47 Motor-control circuit.

Dale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e

Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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