figure 4-1 some fate and transport processes in the subsurface and atmospheric environment
Post on 16-Dec-2015
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
FIGURE 4-1
Some fate and transport processes in the subsurface and atmospheric environment.
FIGURE 4-2
Some fate and transport processes in the aquatic environment.
FIGURE 4-3
Contaminant transfer through soil-water-air interfaces.
FIGURE 4-4
Sources of fluids for the generation of landfill leachate.
FIGURE 4-5
Water balance variables in the HELP model.
FIGURE 4-6
Hydrologic cycle.
FIGURE 4-7
Darcy’s experiment.
FIGURE 4-8
Schematic of saturated flow in laboratory experiment.
FIGURE 4-9
Bernoulli’s equation for flow through a pipe.
FIGURE 4-10
Hydraulic heads in Darcy’s experiment.
FIGURE 4-11
Darcy’s experiment revisited.
FIGURE 4-12
Flow lines and equipotentials.
FIGURE 4-13
Flow net for steady-state flow through a homogeneous embankment.
FIGURE 4-14
Characteristic curves relating hydraulic conductivity and moisture content to pressure head for a naturally occurring sand soil.
FIGURE 4-15
Schematic of mechanical dispersion.
FIGURE 4-16
Effect of dispersion on contaminant transport.
FIGURE 4-17
Plume migration affected by dispersion and source type. The arker the area, the higher the contaminant concentration.
FIGURE 4-18Effect of diffusion oncontaminant transport with noadvective transport.
FIGURE 4-19
Schematic of fractured flow.
FIGURE 4-20
Effect of high-permeability zone on contaminant transport.
FIGURE 4-21
Movement of NAPL.
FIGURE 4-22
Two-dimensional control volume.
FIGURE 4-23
Finite difference.
FIGURE 4-24
Simplified flow diagram representing general process of developing a transport model.
FIGURE 4-25
Soil aggregates in subsurface domain.
FIGURE
4-26
Partitioningof sorbate betweensolventand sorbent.
FIGURE 4-27
Two-stage sorption model.
FIGURE 4-28
Desorption of sorbate.
FIGURE 4-29
Sorption of lindane by unstripped and stripped soil.
FIGURE 4-30
Variable sorption of trichloroethene on glacial till.
FIGURE 4-31
Solubilities of metal hydroxides as a function of pH.
FIGURE 4-32
Biological transformation of PCE under anaerobic conditions.
FIGURE 4-33
Hydrolysis of chlorinated alkyl compounds.
FIGURE 4-34
Reduction of sorption by cosolvation.
FIGURE 4-35
Effect of the distribution coefficient on contaminant retardation during transport in a shallow groundwater flow system.
FIGURE 4-36
A simplified, expanding box model.
FIGURE 4-37
The effect of turbulent eddies on plumes (after Pendergast, 1984).124 (a) A large cloud in a uniform field of small eddies, (b) a small cloud in a uniform field of large eddies, (c) a cloud in a field of eddies of the same size as the cloud.
FIGURE 4-38
Stable and unstable lapse rates.
FIGURE 4-39
A gaussian distribution.
FIGURE 4-40
Bivariate plume and plume cross section.
FIGURE 4-41
PGT horizontal (crosswind) dispersion coefficient as a function of stability category and downwind distance.
FIGURE 4-42
PGT vertical dispersion coefficient as a function of stability category and downwind distance.
FIGURE 4-43
Two steps of estimating dispersion.
FIGURE 4-44Relative ground level concentration versus distance.
FIGURE 4-45Relative ground level concentration versusdistance for various stability classes.
FIGURE 4-46
Relative ground level concentrationversus distance for various effective stack heights.
EXAMPLE 4-7. FLOWNETFORAWATERTABLEAQUIFER.
EXAMPLE 4-8. FINITE DIFFERENCE SOLUTION FOR DARCY’S EXPERIMENT.
Hydrolysis of chlo-rinated organics involves exchange of the hydroxyl group with an anionic X on a carbon atom.
The groundwater contours are spaced at intervals of about 50 m.
4-3.
The groundwater contours are spaced at intervals of about 50 m.
4-4.
4-9. A laboratory experiment similar to the one conducted by Darcy is shown in Figure P-3.
4-10.The boundary conditions and material properties for a flow regime are shown in Figure P-4.
4-20.
Determine the pressure, elevation, and total heads at points a , b , and c in Figure P-5.
4-21.
Determine the pressure, elevation, and total heads at points A , B , and C in Figure P-6.
top related