fiber optics by hashir ahmed
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Syed Hashir Ahmedroll# 130
Syed Hashir Ahmedroll# 130
SUBJECT :TECHER• ASS:PROF: SIR SHAHID
LARIK
What Is Fiber Optics ?
• Not a "new" technology • Concept a century old• Used commercially for
last 36 years
Fiber Has More Capacity
This single fiber can carry more communications than the giant copper cable!
Fiber Optic Communications
• Applications include – Telephones– Internet– LANs - local area networks– CATV - for video, voice and Internet connections
Why Use Fiber Optics?
• Economics• Speed• Distance• Weight/size• Freedom from interference• Security
Fiber Optic Applications
• Fiber is already used in:– > 90% of all long distance telephony– > 50% of all local telephony– Most LAN (computer network) backbones– Many video surveillance links
Fiber Optic Applications
• Fiber is the least expensive, most reliable method for high speed and/or long distance communications
• While we already transmit signals at Gigabits per second speeds, we have only started to utilize the potential bandwidth of fiber
SINGLE MODE FIBER OPTICSIn fiber-optic communication, a single-mode optical fiber (SMF) (monomode optical fiber, single-mode optical waveguide, or unimode fiber) is an optical fiber designed to carry only a single ray of light (mode). Modes are the possible solutions of the Helmholtz equation
for waves, which is obtained by combining Maxwell's equations and the boundary conditions. These modes define the way the wave travels through space, i.e. how the wave is distributed in space. Waves can have the same mode but have different frequencies. This is the case in single-mode fibers, where we can have waves with different frequencies, but of the same mode, which means that they are distributed in space in the same way, and that gives us a single ray of light. Although the ray travels parallel to the length of the fiber, it is often called transverse mode since its electromagnetic vibrations occur perpendicular (transverse) to the length of the fiber(where ∇2 is the Laplacian, k is the wave number, and A is the amplitude.)
Multimode Fiber (Multi Mode Fiber)
Fibers that carry more than one mode are called multimode fibers. There are two types of multimode fibers. One type is step-index multimode fiber and the other type is graded-index multimode fiber.
step-index multimode fiber
Step index Multimode fibers for laser power medicine and industry applications
Step index Multimode fiber with ultra-high stability, reliability and long fiber life time for high power laser transmission
is a compromise between single-mode fibers and multimode
fibers. It offers bandwidth potential higher than MMF, but lower
than SMF, yet it has the light-gathering capability of MMF.
Graded-index multimode fiber (GRIN)
Fiber Technology
Fiber Technology
1. Bandwidths of up to 10Gbps
2. Streaming Whole Movies in HD
3. Effortless video conferencing with no lagging
4. Gaming in HD quality that never lags
1.VERY HIGH INFORMATION CARRING CAPACITY.
2.LESS ATTENUATION (order of 0.2 db/km)
3.SMALL IN DIAMETER AND SIZE & LIGHT WEIGHT
4.LOW COST AS COMPARED TO COPPER
5.FLEXIBLE AND EASY TO INSTALL IN TIGHT CONDUICTS
6.ZERO RESALE VALUE
7.DIFFICULT TO TAP FIBERS, SO SECURE
8.NO CROSS TALK AND DISTURBANCES
ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBERS
Jobs In Fiber Optics
• Designing components
• Manufacturing fiber, lasers, etc.
• Designing systems
• Installing networks
• Training and teaching
BY : SYED HASHIR AHMED
feedback
syedhashir@ymail.com
Presented By The Fiber Optic Association©2004, The Fiber Optic Association, Inc.
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