fiber optic sensors for smart structure and structural health monitoring
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Prof. O.B.Prof. O.B. VitrikVitrik,,
Fiber Optic Sensors forFiber Optic Sensors for
Smart Structure andSmart Structure andStructural HealthStructural Health
MonitoringMonitoringFar Eastern State Technical University,Far Eastern State Technical University,
Vladivostok, RussiaVladivostok, Russia
Institute Automatic and Processing Control,Institute Automatic and Processing Control,Far Eastern Branch of Russian AcademyFar Eastern Branch of Russian Academyof Sciences,of Sciences,
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Contents:Smart structure principles
Fiber optic sensors for smart structure and
structural health monitoring
Principles for fiber optic sensors
Principles for fiber optic sensing systemsAmplitude and phase fiber optic sensors for
the monitoring systems
Tomography fiber optic systems for
structural monitoring.
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Smart structureSmart structure
External
problem Smart
Structure
Appro-
priatesolution
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Smart structureSmart structure
Nervous
system
Brain
(Computer)
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Key features of fiber optic sensor forKey features of fiber optic sensor for
smart structure applications:smart structure applications:High flexibilityHigh flexibility
Low mass and low diameter. It is possible to insert the opticalLow mass and low diameter. It is possible to insert the optical
fiber in many materialsfiber in many materials
Hi sensitivity to number of physical and chemical quantities.Hi sensitivity to number of physical and chemical quantities.
Immunity to electromagnetic interferenceImmunity to electromagnetic interference
Immunity to corruptionImmunity to corruption
Wide range of sensor gauge lengthsWide range of sensor gauge lengths
Ability to distant monitoringAbility to distant monitoring
The Ability to Multiplex Many Fiber Optic SensorsThe Ability to Multiplex Many Fiber Optic Sensors
Possibility to Create Fiber Optic Sensor NetworkPossibility to Create Fiber Optic Sensor Network
The Ability to 1The Ability to 1--D, 2D, 2--D and 3D and 3--D areas monitoringD areas monitoring
Possible Low Cost, High Performance DevicesPossible Low Cost, High Performance Devices
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Fiber Optic SensorFiber Optic Sensors ms measuringeasuring
quantitiesquantities
position,position,
deformations,deformations,inclinations,inclinations,
strains,strains,
forces,forces,
pressures,pressures,
accelerationsaccelerations,,
vibrations,vibrations,
temperatures,temperatures,humidity,humidity,
air temperature,air temperature, wind speed andwind speed anddirection,direction,
water levels andwater levels andflow,flow,
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FiberFiber--optics sensors.optics sensors.
Intrinsic and extrinsic fiberIntrinsic and extrinsic fiber--opticsoptics
sensors.sensors.Fiber grating sensors.Fiber grating sensors.
InterferometricInterferometric fiberfiber--optics sensorsoptics sensorsFiberFiber--optics sensors based on lightoptics sensors based on light
amplitude changing.amplitude changing.
Nonlinear and other fiberNonlinear and other fiber -- opticsoptics
sensors.sensors.
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Extrinsic fiberExtrinsic fiber--opticsoptics
sensor.sensor.
Intrinsic fiberIntrinsic fiber--optics sensors.optics sensors.
Li ht source
Processing system
Measurin value
Extrinsic light
parameters
modulator
Li ht source Processing systemMeasuring value
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Fiber grating sensors.Fiber grating sensors.Measuring value
ref= 2nef
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InterferometricInterferometric fiberfiber--opticsoptics
sensors.sensors.
external
effect l
+
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Amplitude fiberAmplitude fiber--opticsoptics
sensors.sensors.
external
effect
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Nonlinear sensors based onNonlinear sensors based on
MandelshtamMandelshtam--BrillouinBrillouinscattering.scattering.
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Advantages and disadvantages ofAdvantages and disadvantages of
Different Fiber Optic Sensors.Different Fiber Optic Sensors.AADVANTAGESDVANTAGESSensor low cost;Sensor low cost;Sensing of transverse &Sensing of transverse &longitudinal strain, strainlongitudinal strain, straingradients, temperature, pressuregradients, temperature, pressureand corrosionand corrosion
Extremely flexibleExtremely flexible
geometrygeometryHigh sensitivity,High sensitivity,Wide area distributionWide area distribution
Low cost;Low cost;
Simplicity,Simplicity,Easy installation,Easy installation,Possibility of coverage of widePossibility of coverage of wideareaarea
Possibility of distributed sensorPossibility of distributed sensorfabrication.fabrication.
DDISADVANTAGESISADVANTAGES
Expensive signal processing andExpensive signal processing and
interrogation technologyinterrogation technologyProblem of temperature andProblem of temperature andstrain signal divisionstrain signal division
Problem ofProblem ofmultisensingmultisensingsignal division;signal division;Sensitivity stabilization problemSensitivity stabilization problemTTuning controluning control problemproblem
InIn many cases low sensitivitymany cases low sensitivityand presence of mobileand presence of mobilemechanical elements, highmechanical elements, highrequirements to stability of lightrequirements to stability of lightsource intensitysource intensity
LLow sensitivity, high costow sensitivity, high cost
Grating
Interferometer
Amplitude
Nonlinear
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2005/12/12005/12/1
3
2
1
M ( x , y, t)
M (t)
M(L,t)
MM(L,t)
L
1 2 3
N N-1 . i
1 2 3 i N L
M(L,t)M
M(L,t)
Fiber optic measuring systems:Fiber optic measuring systems:
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Fiber optic measuring systems:Fiber optic measuring systems:
M(x,y,t)
X
Y
X
Y
M(x,y,t)
X
Y
X
Y
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Integral sensitivity fiber optic sensorIntegral sensitivity fiber optic sensor
S(L)
d)L(S
L
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Tomography system principleTomography system principle
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Amplitude tilt sensorsAmplitude tilt sensors
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Amplitude bending sensorsAmplitude bending sensors
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Amplitude sensors OTDRAmplitude sensors OTDRinterrogationinterrogation
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Amplitude accelerometerAmplitude accelerometer
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Amplitude accelerometerAmplitude accelerometer
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The threshold FOSThe threshold FOS for pipelinefor pipeline
health monitoringhealth monitoring
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Photo of a place of break of a welded seam ofPhoto of a place of break of a welded seam ofpipeline together with worked threshold FOSpipeline together with worked threshold FOS
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External pressure sensingExternal pressure sensing
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Traditional Phase FiberTraditional Phase Fiber--opticsoptics
sensors based on Machsensors based on Mach --ZenderZender scheme.scheme.External effect
Laser Detector
Measuring value
)cos(2 1)0(
012121 lknIIIII +++=
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Double mode interferenceDouble mode interference
patternpattern
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Waveguide processing of DMIWaveguide processing of DMI
signalsignalLP
11
LP01
LP01
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Integral sensitivity long strainIntegral sensitivity long strain
sensorsensor
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Strain and Cracking control inStrain and Cracking control in
concrete beamsconcrete beams
2 hF F
4
3
1
6
5
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Strain control in concrete beamsStrain control in concrete beams,
2
0 600 1200 1800 F,
1 2
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Cracking control in concreteCracking control in concrete
beamsbeams
FibFib ti b dti b d
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FiberFiber--optics sensors based onoptics sensors based on
singlesingle-- fiber multimodefiber multimodeinterferometer scheme.interferometer scheme.
CorrCalcDistributed
Optical fielddetector
Linearizator
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SFMI hydrophoneSFMI hydrophone
4
5
1
2
3
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SFMI hydrophoneSFMI hydrophone
Laser
1
2
3
4
B b di it i bB b di it i b
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Beam bending monitoring byBeam bending monitoring by
SFMISFMI
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Tomography scanningTomography scanning
processprocess
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Tomography scanningTomography scanningprocessprocess
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Tomography scanningTomography scanningprocessprocess
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Tomography scanningTomography scanningprocessprocess
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Tomography scanningTomography scanningprocessprocess
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Tomography scanningTomography scanningprocessprocess
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Tomography scanningTomography scanningprocessprocess
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Tomography scanningTomography scanningprocessprocess
FibFib ti t k f t hti t k f t h
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FiberFiber optic network of tomographyoptic network of tomography
typetype
Software for Scalar fieldSoftware for Scalar field
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Software for Scalar fieldmonitoring by OF tomographymonitoring by OF tomography
systemsystem
Acceleration field monitoring byAcceleration field monitoring by
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Acceleration field monitoring byAcceleration field monitoring by
OF tomography systemOF tomography system
Acceleration field monitoring byAcceleration field monitoring by
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Acceleration field monitoring byAcceleration field monitoring by
OF tomography systemOF tomography system
Acceleration field monitoring byAcceleration field monitoring by
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Acceleration field monitoring byAcceleration field monitoring by
OF tomography systemOF tomography system
Vector field monitoring by OFVector field monitoring by OF
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h(x,y,)=
Vector field monitoring by OFVector field monitoring by OF
tomography systemtomography system
eyxAr
r
),(
Vector field monitoring by OFVector field monitoring by OF
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Vector field monitoring by OFVector field monitoring by OF
tomography systemtomography system
h(x,y,)=d( )/dLe)y,x(Ar
r
)],([),( yxAdivRpg
r
=
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Vector field monitoring by OFVector field monitoring by OFtomography systemtomography system
h(x,y,)= ( )2
e)y,x(A
r
r
)],([),( 2 yxARpg =
Software for Vector field monitoringSoftware for Vector field monitoring
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Software for Vector field monitoringSoftware for Vector field monitoring
by OF tomography systemby OF tomography system
V t fi ld f l it di l hiftV t fi ld f l it di l hift
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Vector field of longitudinal shiftsVector field of longitudinal shiftsmonitoring by OF tomography systemmonitoring by OF tomography system
V t fi ld f l it di l hiftV t fi ld f l it di l hift
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Vector field of longitudinal shiftsVector field of longitudinal shiftsmonitoring by OF tomography systemmonitoring by OF tomography system
V t fi ld f l it di l hiftVector field of longit dinal shifts
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Vector field of longitudinal shiftsVector field of longitudinal shiftsmonitoring by OF tomography systemmonitoring by OF tomography system
Vector field of transversal shiftsVector field of transversal shifts
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ec o e d o a s e sa s s
gradients monitoring by OFgradients monitoring by OFtomography systemtomography system
Vector field of transversal shiftsVector field of transversal shifts
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Vector field of transversal shifts
gradients monitoring by OFgradients monitoring by OFtomography systemtomography system
Laboratory model for smartLaboratory model for smart
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Laboratory model for smartLaboratory model for smartskinskin
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Problem under solutionProblem under solution
--Stabilization of sensitivity,Stabilization of sensitivity,
--Improving of FO sensors andImproving of FO sensors andsensing systemsensing system adaptivityadaptivity-- Improving of technology for FOImproving of technology for FOsensors and sensing systemsensors and sensing systemfabricationfabrication
-- Development of new principlesDevelopment of new principlesfor FO sensors and sensingfor FO sensors and sensingsystem based on nanotechnologysystem based on nanotechnology
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