fiber-based telecommunications infrastructure for residential
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Fiber-Based Telecommunications
Infrastructure for Residential Multi-Dwelling
Units
Guy Swindell, RCDDOFS
Fiber-Based Infrastructure for Residential Multi-Dwelling Units• The Market
– FTTH Update– Fiber-in-the-MDU
• The Technologies– PON/P2P– Satellite Video Solutions
• The Physical Plant– Optical Fiber Media– Connectivity Considerations– Splitters/Couplers
• High-Rise Scenarios– Conventional Approach– Aggregation “Spooled Plug and Play” Approach
The New Application for FTTH:Condominium and Apartment Units (i.e. MDU)
Drop NetworkSolutions
Why Fiber to Each MDU Unit? Bandwidth Growth Exceeding the Capacity of Metallic Media
Source: Technology futures and OFS
Text Pictures Video HD SHD 3D
.0288.0144
.0024
0.0003
.0560
10024
6.01.5
0
0.001
0.01
1
10
100
1,000
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Year
Nom
inal
Dat
a R
ate
(Mb/
s)
AnalogModems
Digital
42% annual growth Increasing 4 times
every 4 years0.1
2008: Service Providers and some MSOs
10,000
1,000
Copper SpeedLimit
Fiber:No limit!!
ProjectedData
H.262 or MPEG-2
H.264 or MPEG-4
Standard Definition (SD) 480p 249 7 2High Definition (HD) 1080i/720p 1,493 16 8
Growing Fast Very High Definition (VHD) 1080p 2,986 32 16
Super HD 2160p 14,930 100 50
Ultra HD 4320p 59,720 400 200
Mature
New Standards
2D Video Format Mb/s Native per stream
Mb/s (compressed)
Market Drivers: VideoHigher definition and more bandwidth in IP format
Multiple streams/downloads/uploads will need 100 Mb/s – 1 Gb/s per unit symmetrical
* ITU Recommendation J.601, Transport of Large Scale Digital Imagery (LSDI) applications
Source: OFS Estimates from Industry Data
Today
Market Drivers: 3D Video On Display at the 2008 Consumer Electronics Show
Multiple streams/downloads/uploads need 1 Gb/s – 10 Gb/s per unit symmetrical
Std Definition17,695 280 63
High Definition 3D111,974 400 280
Super Definition 3D398,131 500 796
Ultra Definition 3D1,542,758 600 2,571
Mb/s compressed
Mb/s Native per stream
Comp. Ratio3D
Source: OFS Estimates and Assumptions from Industry Data
The MarketMDU’s Lagging 4 to 1 Behind Single Family Units in 2008
The good news: Barriers are being broken Recent Progress
•Difficulties gaining city-wide video franchises NYC granted Verizon franchise, others in progress
•Exclusive MDU owner agreements with service providers
FCC ruling now forbids such agreements
•High cost to build fiber networks in buildings, particularly existing buildings – up to $500 per unit
Recently overcome by new technology.
FTTH March2008
Living Units Passed * (M)
Total US Living Units (M) *
Passed by FTTH
Single Family 11.0 126 9%MDU 0.8 33 2%
The Technologies
The Technologies: P2P/ESON
Ethernet Switched Optical Network (ESON)
1 - 10 SM fibers
Ethernet Switch(s)
100 - 1000 subscribers
300 m to 20 KM
OLT
ONT
1 or 2 SM or 2 MM fibers to
each home
5 – 40 KMTypical distance range
1550 nm 1310 nmWavelengths:
1 fiber per subscriber
The Technologies: EPON/GPON
1 fiber per 32 subscribers
1550 nm*
OLT 1490 nm
CO/HE
WDM
CATVEDFA Power Splitter1:32
1310 nm-Defined in IEEE 802.3ah and ITU G.984.2-1.25 Gb/s Symmetrical (EPON)-2.48 Gb/s downstream/1.24 Gb/s upstream (GPON)-20 km max from CO/HE to subscriber
1 fiber per subscriber
Technology Roadmap: 10 Gb/s EPON/GPON
1 fiber per 32 subscribers
1577 or 1590 nm
OLT
CO/HE
WDM
CATVEDFA Power Splitter1:32
1270 nm -10 Gb/s symmetrical bandwidth through a standard PON footprint.-Supported by IEEE 10 Gig-E standard.
New Technology: Satellite Video for the MDU over Fiber
On the roof
On the wall
New Technology: Satellite Video for the MDU over Fiber
Telecom Room
Individual Apartments(up to 512)
1-fiber per apartment
1530 & 1550 nm
Optical Splitters andFiber Management
Singlemode Fiber
Sat-Video over Fiber versus QAM*
QAM system• If the content or modulation on the
satellite transponder changes then the QAM receiver has to rescan the QAM channels. This issue can result in numerous trouble calls when content becomes unavailable.
• The QAM system requires special QAM receivers or peripheral devices added to a standard Satellite receiver.
• Outside ingress noise prevents the use of some channels and will results in periodic service interruptions on other channels.
• QAM systems require several racks of equipment.
Dish Optical Network• Content moves and modulation
changes can take place and the receiver will track it like a standard residential system with no service interruptions.
• Dish Optical Network uses standard satellite receivers.
• Fiber based system is immune to ingress noise, so there is no system degradation.
• The Dish Optical Network can be installed on a wall in minutes.
* Courtesy of Echostar®
Sat-Video Over Fiber Versus L-band system*
Standard L-band system• Banks of cascaded switches take
up more headend space and switches have to be located within 200ft of the receiver.
• Building the banks of switches and running the distribution is more time consuming and difficult.
• Requires additional signal conditioning (amplification and equalization) for larger systems and longer distances.
Dish Optical Network• Uses less space in the headend.• The Dish Optical Network can be
installed on a wall in minutes.• Optical system can be distributed
over larger MDUs and distances without signal degradation.
* Courtesy of Echostar®
MDU Video: Equipment Room Space
Dish Optical Network
QAM* L-Band*
* Photo provided by Echostar®
The Infrastructure
Infrastructure: Optical Fiber
•PON and Sat-Video are engineered to operate over standard dispersion-unshifted singlemode fiber: ITU G.652D.
•The relevant standards for the Optical Waveguide are ITU G.652D and G.657 categories of fiber.
•A G.657 fiber should be backward compatible with G.652D but with improved bending performance.
•Bending performance is vital due to wavelengths > 1550 nm.
Infrastructure: Wavelengths and Bending Loss
1385 nm:
1310 nm:
1490 nm: Current PON DownstreamWavelength
1550 nm: Sat-Video
1625 nm:
Typical Bending Loss (dB)one 15 mm diameter turn
1260 nm:
20 10 0
Conventional SM Fiber
1590 nm: Next-Gen PON
Infrastructure: Wavelengths and Bending Loss
50 times lower loss in this comparison
100 times lower in some cases
1550 nm, 10 mm cable diameter
Conventional SMF
(G.657)
The ITU G.657 Standard
ITU Std Bend Radius (mm)
# of Turns
Wavelength ITU Std(dB)Max.
G . 6 5 7 A
10 1 1550 nm1625 nm
0.751.5
15 10 1550 nm1625 nm
0.251.0
G.657 B
7.5 1 1550 nm1625 nm
0.51.0
10 1 1550 nm1625 nm
0.10.2
15 10 1550 nm1625 nm
0.030.1
Beyond B(no std)_
5 1 1550 nm1625 nm
0.1
Infrastructure: Beyond G.657
Why Go Beyond G.657?
Singlemode Drop Cable(basement)
Why Go Beyond G.657?
8 Singlemode Drop Cables Stapled in attic.
Routed behind drywall.
Infrastructure (Connectivity): Reflectance
APC – 8 degree angle of end-face
Reflections leave core due to angle
UPC – no angle of end-face
Reflections propagate back through fiber
PON With RF Video requires APC. Sat-Video requires UPC. In either case, reflectance performance is not normally possible with field polishing.
Infrastructure (Connectivity): Minimize Hardware
No Fiber Management
Installing Splice-On Connector
Infrastructure: Splitters and Couplers
Sat-Video Txt
1x256
Receiver
PON OLT
1x32
PON ONT
Infrastructure (Splitters/Couplers): Packaging and Performance
•Placement Flexibility:– Distributed and spliced, or– Installed in the equipment room
•Performance:– Operate at the required wavelengths– Reliable in an outside environment– Low loss– Applicable standards:
Telcordia GR1209 and GR1221 FIT Rate Testing (mean time to
failure)
Infrastructure (Splitters/Couplers): WDM Module
•Combines wavelengths for video, data, telephony onto a single fiber.
– Used with traditional PON at the central office.
– May need to be located at the MDU complex for Sat-Video.
•Typically engineered for LGX Shelves.
•One device can multiplex multiple inputs.
High Rise Scenarios
MDU Fiber to the UnitConventional Method
OSP Closure
Distribution Boxes Feed Living Units
Building
FDC
Labor Cost
Material Cost
Velocity
Connectors or Splice to drop
Fusion Splice
ONT
Fiber Distribution Cabinet (FDC) housing splitters/cross connect
FDH
Spooled Plug and Play SystemNew Approach for last 100 meters
OSP Closure
Ceiling
Floor
Terminal
FDH
Improves the Business Case
Lower first cost• up to 6x lower Labor • Low Skill installation
Higher Velocity
• up to 6X faster than conventional
•Deploy faster to win revenue faster
Drop ONTCombiner
MDU Spooled Plug and Play System - Example
FDH Combiner TerminalSpooled Backbone TechnologyCompact
Splitter Module
Bend Optimized G.657A Fiber
Ultra-Bend Insensitive Fiber – Beyond G.657B
Drop Cable
MDU Spooled Plug and Play System - Example
Summary Points:
• Fiber-in-the-MDU is a current reality and a growth market.
• PON, P2P, and Satellite-Video solutions are the primary fiber-in-the-MDU technologies.
• FTTH and FTT-Apartment use primarily singlemode media. G.657A Beyond G.657 Solutions
• Designs must accommodate optical reflectance, splitters, WDM’s, bend-sensitive wavelengths, etc.
• Aggregation “Spooled Plug and Play” techniques are an optional approach for high-rise applications.
Questions?
Guy Swindell, RCDDApplications Engineering ManagerOFSgswindell@ofsoptics.com
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