federal biometrics overview for venture capitalists (2005)
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National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science & Technology Council
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Subcommittee on Biometrics
Duane BlackburnNSTC Agency Representative (FBI)
Office of Science & Technology Policy
www.ostp.govwww.biometricscatalog.org/NSTCSubcommittee
VC – USG Discussion
Duane_M._Blackburn@ostp.eop.gov
(202) 456-6068
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science & Technology Council
Department of Homeland Security
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Subcommittee on Biometrics
Terri PhillipsBiometrics Advisor (MITRE/SETA Support)
US-VISIT Program
www.dhs.gov
tphillips@mitre.org
(202) 298-5087
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Biometrics are used throughout DHS• Biometrics are used for
– Identity Verification» Port of Entry inspections, Benefits adjudication
– Investigation» Watch lists, Background checks
– Credentialing» Token issuance with biometric identifiers
– Security» Physical and logical access control
– Enforcement» Documenting Apprehensions, managing and adjudicating
violators
• Types of biometrics used – Face, fingerprint, iris
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
DHS Biometrics Study Identified 64 Programs
• Asylee and Refugee Documentation• Border Patrol• Immigration and Customs Enforcement• DHS Access Card• Enhanced Identification Credential for
International Seafarers • Facilitated Inspection: NEXUS, SENTRI,
INSPASS • Free and Secure Trade (FAST) • Merchant Mariner’s Document • TSA’s Registered Traveler• Transportation Worker Identity Credential (TWIC)• US-VISIT/IDENT
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Legislation and Directives • Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
– Total of 55 references to “biometric” in the Act– Two major areas: Aviation Security and Border Entry-Exit
• Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act– Biometrically-enabled travel documents for nationals of all Visa
Waiver Program countries and all U.S.-issued travel documents issued to non-U.S. citizens
– Incorporate biometrics into entry-exit system
• Homeland Security Presidential Directive 11 (HSPD-11)– Comprehensive terrorist-related screening procedures– Use of a biometric identifier or other identification for screening
• Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 (HSPD-12)– Policy for a common identification standard for Federal
employees and contractors– Result: Federal ID cards containing biometric information
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
DHS Operational Needs• Improved biometric acquisition devices
– Fingerprints» Contactless fingerprint sensors» Fast capture (ten seconds) good quality 10 print » Rugged mobile 10-print
– Pose and lighting-invariant capture for face, iris – Size and weight of devices suited to varied operating
environments• Image quality assessment at biometric capture• Ability to “morph” an image for compatibility with
biometric algorithms• Biometric middleware
– Ability to change biometric matcher parameters based on image quality, threat level or other rules
– Dynamically change matching algorithms, fuse multiple biometrics, allocate system capacity in response to workload
• Database growth and management
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
DHS Operational Use of Biometrics• Understand DHS diverse operational
environments and users– Attended - unattended
» Liveness checking, image quality, accuracy (false positives, false negatives)
– Frequent – infrequent use» Ease of use for operators and end users
– Cooperative - non-cooperative - uncooperative subjects
» Varying distance and angle from capture device to subject, image quality
– Indoor-outdoor environments» Differences in illumination, temperature, noise, humidity
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Goals for Biometrics Usage
• Standards-based technology and products– Interoperability – Comparable performance / error rates
• No stove-piped systems• Middleware development • Single contact with DHS• Privacy protection
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Biometric Product and Service Improvements
• Hardware products– Design that facilitates capture of good quality images with
minimal intervention or training required– Small, lightweight, portable devices for agents to use in the
field– Self-authenticating, non-refutable portable device for
identity verification» Tamper-resistant» Accurate
• Integration into DHS infrastructure/interoperability– No vendor lock-in
• Multi-biometric fusion for enhanced performance
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Summary
• Biometrics is an enabling technology that supports DHS’ mission and goals, not an end in itself
• Biometric technology and products must support DHS’ varying needs and operating environments – from benefits adjudication and border inspection to transportation security and immigration enforcement
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science & Technology Council
Chris MilesSenior Program Manager
National Institute of Justice
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij
Department of Justice
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Subcommittee on Biometrics
Christopher.Miles@usdoj.gov
(202) 616-1100
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
The Department of Justice maintains an active biometrics program in:• Laboratory Research and Evaluations• Criminal Justice System Scenario & Operational Evaluations• Operational System Enhancements• Standards Development
CorrectionsAccess
Face
Finger & Face
Wireless ID & BookingSchool AccessIRIS
Hand
Finger
Integrated Automated FingerprintIdentification System (IAFIS)
Justice Biometrics Research and Development
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Objectives:• Develop and evaluate technology products that will enhance law
enforcement and corrections officers’ ability to correctly identify cooperative and non-cooperative individuals and to fix the identity of individuals in the justice system;
• Evaluate technologies, such as the DoD smartcard, for applications in credentialing, physical and logical access control, and document/report/evidence accountability;
• Obtain and disseminate biometrics technology and product information to the law enforcement and corrections communities.
Recent Successes:• Evaluation of Iris Technology in Schools,
www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/grants/208127.pdf• Face Recognition Vendor Test 2000, 2002, & 2005, www.frvt.org
• Fingerprint Vendor Technology Evaluation, 2004, http://FpVTE.nist.gov
• Five Biometric Standards Released in 2004, www.incits.org/m1• Biometrics Catalog Web Site, www.biometricscatalog.org
Justice Biometrics Research and Development
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
The mission of the JBC is to:1. Foster collaboration within DOJ on
biometric issues and activities.2. Function as a focal point and
clearinghouse for information on biometric research, technologies, and applications.
3. Support participation of DOJ components in interagency and international working groups on biometric technologies.
Available at: www.biometricscatalog.org
The Justice Biometrics Cooperative (JBC) was established in 2003, by the U.S. Deputy Attorney General under recommendation of the U.S. Department of Justice Chief Science Advisor, Vahid Majidi, Ph.D.
Current Participants are:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives; Bureau of Justice Statistics;
Bureau of Prisons; Drug Enforcement Agency; Federal Bureau of Investigation; Justice Management Division; National Institute of Justice; U.S. Attorneys; and
U.S. Marshals Service
Justice Biometrics Cooperative
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
DOJ Areas of ParticularInterest in Biometrics
Prioritized Operational Needs for Biometric Technologies:
• Expedited Capture of Rolled-Equivalent Fingerprints & Palm Prints− Inmate processing; border security checks; and background
security checks for employment & ID issuance• Confirming and Fixing the Identity of Individuals
− Inmate processing; ID of visitors to correctional facilities; confirmation of ID of those with multiple, false, and/or no documentation; mortuary identification; wants and warrants verification; sex offender tracking; employee background checks; and queries across Criminal Justice Information System (CJIS) databases
• Identification of People from Video and Audio Surveillance− Preventing unauthorized access on school campuses; ID of
individuals in secure or controlled areas; detecting altered appearances; detecting gang activities; and ID and authorization of communications system users
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
DOJ Areas of ParticularInterest in Biometrics (Continued)
Prioritized Operational Needs for Biometric Technologies:
• Expedited Automation of Biometric Legacy Information−Fingerprint cards that are not yet available electronically; common
standards for database integration; access to proprietary data; and accuracy and quality control within databases
• Collection of Biometrics in Field Environments− Improved officer safety in routine duties (i.e. traffic stops);
eliminating mis-ID of innocent subjects; cost & time savings of reduced transportation & processing for ID; fusion of biometric identifiers; and better performance for existing devices
• Controlling Physical and Logical Access−Facilities (Corrections, Courts, Schools); sensitive/controlled areas;
evidence or weapons storage; controlled substance/ medication distribution; communication devices; computer systems; and training certification
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Potential Technologies for Operational Needs
Particular Technologies of Interest:• Temporal Processing of Facial Images• Evaluation of Iris Recognition• Fusion of Facial & Iris, Facial & Finger, and/or Finger & Iris• Processing of High Resolution 2D Facial Images• Evaluation of Facial Recognition and/or Voice/Speaker
Recognition Performance• HDTV (720p) Security and In-car Cameras And Recorders• Low-Cost High-Resolution Camera and Computer Modules
Generic Requirements for All Operational Needs:• Ruggedized High-Capacity Mass Data Storage Devices• Technologies Meeting Open Standards• Technologies Meeting Interoperability Needs
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science & Technology Council
Subcommittee on Biometrics
Dr. Andrew F. Kirby
Senior Research ScientistIntelligence Technology Innovation Center
Biometrics Technologies:Intelligence Community Needs
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
(703) 874-0834
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Dr. Andrew F. Kirby
Biometrics Technologies:Intelligence Community Needs
True Identity is Intelligence!
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
ITIC’s Focused-Technology Mission
OperationsProductionDevelopmentProjectsSolutionsTechnologies
• Identify• Explore• Nurture
• Initiate• Define• Model• Test• Coordinate
• Fund• Breadboards• Demonstrations
ITIC Activity Implementing Customer OrganizationsTransitionfrom ITIC
Identify, advance technologies with innovative solutions, initiate development and insertion projects to solve priority IC-customer problems
What is ITIC?
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
• Perceived Relevance of Biometrics: True Identity is Intelligence!
– Defeating the Foreign Terrorist Threat
– Protection of US Missions Abroad
– Defeating the Insider Threat to Sensitive Facilities and Resources
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Intelligence Biometrics Objectives
Use-Cases:• Tracking, Surveillance
• Linking time, place
• Access Control
• Logical Systems
• Physical areas
• Authentication• Biometric + Data
• 1 to 1 match/no match
• Easier technical problem
• Identification (ID)• Biometric alone
• 1 to N match/no match
• More challenging
• Watch-list• 1 to n (smaller n)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
• Key Advanced Research, Development, & Engineering Thrusts:
– High Performance Face Recognition » Attended and Unattended Surveillance
Applications» 3D and texture analysis» Improved scaling
– High Utility Iris Recognition » Improved depth of field» Improved range and speed of image acquisition» Improved ease of use
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
• Key Advanced Research, Development, & Engineering Thrusts:
– Multi-modal Collection Systems» Portable, hand-held» Stand alone, networked» Secure communications
– Secure Data Fusion and Analysis» Multi-mode» Real-time matching (first phase analysis)» Identity Resolution (second phase analysis)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
• Areas the IC has already recommended for Venture Capital:
– 3D Face Recognition Development
– High Security Fingerprint Recognition
– Greater Depth-of-field Imaging Technology
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science & Technology Council
LTC Jeffery LepakDoD Biometrics
www.biometrics.dod.mil
Department of Defense
The DoD ABIS
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Subcommittee on Biometrics
john.woodward@hqda.army.mil
(703) 602-5427
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Bottom Line: Using only names and official documents…- We don’t know.- We won’t know in the future.
Paradigm Shift: We must leverage the power of biometric data.
• Previous identities- User of alias identities- User of alias “official”
documents
• Previously detained?
• Previously arrested in U.S. or other countries?
• Matched to terrorist or crime activities?
Linked to
PreviousIdentities
Past Activities
Identity Dominance
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
State AFIS
State AFIS
State AFIS
State AFIS
State AFIS
IAFIS
Criminal Booking Criminal Investigations
Other Operations
FBI’s IAFIS Architecture
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
COCOM
COCOM
COCOM
COCOM
COCOM
DoDABIS
Detainee Operations Other Operations
FBIIAFIS
Conceptual DoD ABIS Enterprise Architecture
Maritime InterceptionOperations
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Summary
• Biometric technologies are an enabling tool in the Global War on Terrorism
• Biometrics, and specifically the DoD ABIS, will improve the USG’s ability to track and identify national security threats
• To maximize this capability, USG must embrace the concept of identity dominance and act with a sense of urgency
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science & Technology Council
NSTC Subcommittee on Biometrics
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Duane BlackburnNSTC Agency Representative (FBI)
Office of Science & Technology Policy
www.ostp.govwww.biometricscatalog.org/NSTCSubcommittee
Subcommittee on Biometrics
Duane_M._Blackburn@ostp.eop.gov
(202) 456-6068
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Current NSTCStructureApril 2005
Biotechnology
National Security R&D
Social, Behavioral & Econ.
Infrastructure
WMD Medical Countermeasures
Health and the Environment
WH: Shana DaleDOD: Michael WynneDHS: Charles McQueary
WH: Richard RussellDOC: Phillip Bond
WH: Kathie OlsenDOC: Conrad LautenbacherEPA: TBD
NSTCDirector, OSTP
WH: Kathie OlsenNSF: Arden BementNIH: Elias Zerhouni
Aquaculture
Human Subjects Research
IWG Dom. Animal Genomics
IWG Plant Genome
IWG Physics of the Universe
Education & Workforce Dev.
Research Business Models
Global Change Research
IWG Earth Observations
Disaster Reduction
Ecosystems
Toxics & Risks
Water Availability & Quality
Air Quality Research
Committee on Environment &
Natural Resources
Committee on Science
Committee on Technology
Committee on Homeland and
National Security
Aeronautics S& T
IWG Prion Science
IWG Trans-boarder Samples
IWG Multinational Orgs*
Oceans S & T
IWG on Dioxin
Networking & Information Technology
Nanoscale Science, Engineering &
Technology
Advanced Technologies For Education & Training
Manufacturing Research &
Development
International*
R&D Investment Criteria**
* in development
** InformalExport Controls for S&T
Foreign Animal DiseaseThreats*
Standards
Biometrics
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Functions
• Enhances collaboration among Federal agencies on Biometrics activities
• U.S. Government’s focal point and clearinghouse for information on biometrics research, technologies, and technical/policy issues
• Supports the coordinated participation of U.S. Government agencies in international working groups on biometric technologies
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Subcommittee on Biometrics Participants• OSTP*
• DHS*– CIS– CBP– OCR– Privacy Office– S&T– TSA– USCG– USSS
• DOC (NIST)
• DOS
• GPO
• DOD– BMO– ONR
• DOT – FAA– Maritime
Administration– NHTSA– OGC
• Intel Community– CIA– ITIC– NSA
• DOJ– BOP– FBI– JMD– NIJ– US
Attorneys
• NSF
• Treasury (IRS)
• TSWG
• OMB* Co-chairs
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Coordination Areas
Research and Development• Fingerprint Recognition
• Face Recognition
• Iris Recognition
• Other
• Fusion
Research and Test Infrastructure• Data Collection
• Infrastructure for RDT&E Data Sharing
• Test and Evaluation
System Considerations• Human-System Interface
• Middleware
Program Management Tools• Social/Legal/Privacy
• Communications
• Decision Support Tools
• Application Description
• Standards
• Solicitations
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science & Technology Council
Chris MilesSenior Program Manager
National Institute of Justice
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij
Fast Capture
Fingerprint Initiative
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Subcommittee on Biometrics
Christopher.Miles@usdoj.gov
(202) 616-1100
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
• Fingerprints are the most relied-upon biometric for identity verification and positive linking of persons to criminal history and background check records
• The expanded use of finger and palm prints for background checks and identifications is currently limited by the technology available to capture the friction ridge detail that enables database searches
• New technology with much greater convenience, speed, reliability, affordability, and accuracy must quickly be developed to improve our Nation’s ability to meet the screening requirements for criminal, border, transportation, and employment checks
• This program seeks to improve and advance the current state of technology to capture 10 rolled-equivalent fingerprints in less than 15 seconds and both palm prints in 1 minute or less
• This is a joint effort of the NIJ, FBI, DEA, and Justice Management Division of the Department of Justice; and the U.S. Departments of Defense, Homeland Security, and State
Fast Capture Finger/Palm Print Technology
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
• Three technology approaches are planned to be pursued in four separate projects:
• A U-shaped flexible sensor that each finger fits into.
• Two camera-based systems that take multiple high-resolution flash images of the fingers and palms.
• A circular optical mirror system that the fingers are drawn across and a image is created
• Each project will produce working devices within 18 months to 2 years that are suitable for independent performance testing
• Captured images will meet or exceed all FBI and NIST image specifications
• Total program budget is $7.5 Million. NIJ plans to fund an independent evaluation of resulting devices. Funds are being identified from within Justice and also from DoD, DHS, and State to initiate the projects
Fast Capture Finger/Palm Print Technology
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science & Technology Council
Duane BlackburnProgram Manager
Federal Bureau of Investigation
www.fbi.govwww.frvt.org
Face Recognition Research
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Subcommittee on Biometrics
Duane.Blackburn@ic.fbi.gov
(703) 632-6161
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
80%
FAR = 0.1%
Independent Evaluations (Gold Standard)
Performance Goals and Progress
Starting PointMeasured inFRVT 2002
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
80%Starting PointMeasured inFRVT 2002
FAR = 0.1%
Independent Evaluations (Gold Standard)
Performance Goals and Progress
98%Goal
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
80%Starting PointMeasured inFRVT 2002
FAR = 0.1%
Independent Evaluations (Gold Standard)
Performance Goals and Progress
98%Goal To be measured by FRVT 2005
99.99%
97%
Face Recognition Grand Challenge (Participant Self-Reporting)
99% High Resolution Still (Jan 05)
Three-Dimensional (Jan 05)
Multi-Still (Jan 05)
* First set of results after 4 months in a 12 month period
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Next Steps in Face Recognition
• FRVT 2005– Blind Evaluation (No visibility to data)– Open to academia, industry, and research
institutions– Evaluating Performance on:
» High resolution still imagery (5 to 6 mega-pixels) » 3D facial scans » Multi-sample still facial imagery» Pre-processing algorithms that compensate for pose and
illumination
– Scheduled to commence in late FY 2005
• FRGC II
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science & Technology Council
Duane BlackburnProgram Manager
Federal Bureau of Investigation
www.fbi.goviris.nist.gov/ICE
Iris Recognition Research
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Subcommittee on Biometrics
Duane.Blackburn@ic.fbi.gov
(703) 632-6161
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
• Held in January 2005
• Emphasis on less-than-cooperative subjects
• Two days with split topics:
− Features and Algorithms
− Optics and Sensors
• Primarily academic presenters
Iris Recognition Workshop
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
• Follows the FRGC/FRVT development and assessment model
− Phase I: Iris challenge problem
» August-December 2005
− Phase II: Large-scale independent technology evaluation
» 1Q 2006
Iris Challenge Evaluation
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science & Technology Council
Duane BlackburnProgram Manager
Federal Bureau of Investigation
www.fbi.gov
Biometrics Experimentation Environment
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Subcommittee on Biometrics
Duane.Blackburn@ic.fbi.gov
(703) 632-6161
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Biometrics Experimentation Environment
• Overview– A resource to collect and share datasets for
development and evaluation purposes – Provides a common user interface through which
experiments are established and results are compiled and presented for evaluation analysis
• Benefits– Easier and less expensive to perform biometric
evaluations– Produce audit trails to metadata, making it possible to
analyze results in greater detail than previously possible
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Biometrics Experimentation Environment
(1a) develops experiment
U.S. Government
(1b) provides pointers to needed data and metadata
Research Institutions&/or Vendor Participants
(3) output results in standardized
format
(4) collates data and plots results
(5) may incorporate results into design of next experiment
(2a) run experiment on dataset using their
algorithms
(2b) may also run their own experiments on dataset
Results File
B-Base
U.S. Government Research Institutions &/or Vendors
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science & Technology Council
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Subcommittee on Biometrics
Jeff DunnCo-Chair
Technical Director for BiometricsNational Security Agency
www.biometrics.org
The Biometric Consortium
dunn@biometrics.org
(301) 688-7421
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
The Biometric Consortium
• The Biometric Consortium serves as a focal point for research, development, testing, evaluation, and application of biometric-based personal identification/verification technology
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
The Biometric Consortium
• Facilitates information exchange • Web Site• Electronic Discussion List• Conferences / workshops
www.Biometrics.org
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
The Biometric Consortium
• Started in 1992 with less than 30 government researchers
• Now over 1,000 members from Federal, State & Local Governments, industry, national labs, and Academia– Technology focused– Users, Researchers– Vendors, Integrators
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
The Biometric Consortium Conference
• The 2004 Biometric Consortium conference had over 1000 participants, including:– 100 speakers– 75 exhibitors– 60 Federal agencies– 25 Universities– 200 Commercial vendors,
integrators, & users
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
2005 Biometric ConsortiumConference
• 19-21 September 2005• Hyatt Regency Crystal City
Arlington, VA• 2 ½ days of seminars• Technology Exhibits• Cost $540• www.biometrics.org
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
National Science & Technology Council
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Discussion
Subcommittee on Biometrics
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Category Modality Algorithm Biometric Trait (e.g. body part)
Sensor
Multi-modal
2(always)
2(always)
2(always)
2(usually)
Multi-algorithmic 1(always)
2(always)
1(always)
1(always)
Multi-instance
1(always)
1(always)
2 instancesof 1 trait(always)
Multi-sensorial
1(always)
1(usually)
1(always, & same
instance)
1(usually)
1
Repeated Instance
1 1 1
Multi-Biometric
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