fc.111 the birth of the industrial revolution in britain (c.1750) a eng rev-> triumph of?

FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750) a

Eng Rev-> triumph of?

FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750)Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to

invest in new business & tech. (FC.96)

New tech. dev. In

Britain?

FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750)Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to

New steam & textile tech.

(FC.110))

New agricultural tech’s (FC.109)

Another important

development?

FC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750)

Population growth Labor force & mkts for goods

Triumph of rich middle class willing & able to

(FC.110))

Its importance?

Develop transp. system: ships &

canals

(FC.110))

Transporting goods?

canals

(FC.110))

Left: The Barton Aqueduct, built in 1769, and the Chirk Aqueduct, painted in 1802 by John Sell Cotman.

Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, built in 1805

Canal mania spread to America in the early 1800s. While the best known was the Erie Canal, there was a system of canals stretching 280 miles across Pennsylvania using locks, dams, tow paths, and railroads (for towing boats). Charles Dickens wrote an account of traveling on this canal in 1842. He described the crossing of the Allegheny Portage Railroad: "Occasionally the rails are laid upon the extreme verge of the giddy precipice and looking down from the carriage window, the traveler gazes sheer down without a stone or scrap of fence between into the mountain depths below,” Overall, he described his trip across Pennsylvania as "sufficiently disconcerting.” Such a cumbersome journey was still better than carrying goods on foot. Railroads eventually made such canals obsolete.

Between the fall of the Roman Empire and the 1700s road conditions in Europe were abysmal. When it rained they could turn into a morass of mud. Otherwise they were full of potholes and ruts that were especially hazardous for passengers of stagecoaches with their high center of gravity, killing many of them in stagecoach flips.

Then John McAdam (1756-1836), invented a new kind of roadbed with large stones on the bottom with layers of progressively smaller stones on top. The smallest stones could only be 1” in diameter, the idea being the wear and tear of traffic would pack them together, as opposed to larger stones that would crack. Typically they had no binding, but at sometimes tar would be used, thus giving rise to the term “tarmack”. Macadamized roads, as they would be called, drained well with drainage channels to the side. They were safe, and durable, vastly improving overland travel in Britain before the railroads.

A cross-section of a Macadamized Road

Typically, the tedious work of stone breaking for Macadamized roads was done by convicts, as portrayed in Gustave Courbet’s The Stonebreakers.

Toll road stations. Since roadways were typically owned by private individuals or corporations, travelers had to pay tolls for their use.

Resources for textile mills &

markets for goods

canals

Britain’s colonial empire (FC.96C)

(FC.110))

Two types of things colonies

provided Britain?

aFC.111 THE BIRTH OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN (c.1750)

markets for goods

canals

(FC.110))

Eli Whitney, his cotton gin, and an ad showing another of his innovations, manufacturing guns with interchangeable parts

markets for goods

canals

Bank of Eng?

(FC.110))

markets for goods

canals

Bank of Eng Money to invest

(FC.96C)

(FC.110))

Br’s geogr. advantages?

markets for goods

canals

Br’s excellent waterways & trade position

(FC.96C)

(FC.110))

Br’s natural resources?

markets for goods

canals

Large deposits of coal & iron in

N. England

(FC.96C)

(FC.110))

markets for goods

canals

N. England

(FC.96C)

(FC.110))

Ind. Rev. starts in Britain, putting it well ahead of the

rest of the world

markets for goods

canals

N. England

(FC.96C)

(FC.110))

Steamships & RRs Tie continents & globe more tightly together (FC.112)

Virtual explosion of new tech’s, esp. after creation of research labs (FC.117)

rest of the world

markets for goods

canals

N. England

(FC.96C)

(FC.110))

rest of the world

markets for goods

canals

N. England

(FC.96C)

(FC.110))

Gradual improvement in women’s status

(FC.114)

rest of the world

markets for goods

canals

N. England

(FC.96C)

(FC.110))

(FC.114)

Drastic changes in soc. & family structure

(FC.113)

rest of the world

markets for goods

canals

N. England

(FC.96C)

(FC.110))

Powerful forces & effects of Ind. Rev. spread across globe (FC.116)

(FC.114)

Drastic changes in soc. & family structure

(FC.113)

rest of the world

Ind Rev starts in Britain (FC.111)

Higher standard of living

Profusion of new tech’s

Incentive to create new prod’s Research labs

Higher stand. of living after initial decline

Drastic changes in people’s lives:

Awful work cond’s Reforms

Impers. urban soc + sep. of home &

work Nucl. fam.

More sales

Raise production

More Jobs

More $ in economy

Accelerating pace of tech. change (FC.117)

Social effects (FC.113)

Dev. cont. interiors & link mkts, fact’s & resources

RR’s, steamships & telegraph

Global economic & political interdependence

Railroads (FC.112)

Impact on women (FC.114)

Rising status as seen in:

More educ. women

Women win the vote

Outsourcing cycle ind. Rev. spreads across globe (FC.116)

Need to protect people from rich & powerful

Need to help poor where church & family used to

Marxism as reaction vs. industrial conditions (FC.115)

Power & expense of mod. weapons only it can afford

Need to regulate growing interdep. within & b/w nations

Govt’s fund RRs, & est. stand. gauges & safety rules

Growing power of the indus. state due to:

Various psychological effects:World seems

smaller & more impersonal

Longer livesLess religious & more

materialistic

More soc. mobility & freer fashionsMore women in

workforce More money and influence

FC.117B AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

fc.111 the birth of the industrial revolution in britain (c.1750) a eng rev-> triumph of?

new agricultural techs

new business

new steam textile

industrial revolution

new kind of roadbed

system of canals

transporting goods

eng rev triumph

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