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CARECCPMM Corridor Performance Measurement and Monitoring
Asia Pacific Trade Facilitation Forum
Trade Facilitation Implementation and Performance Monitoring Workshop
22 October 2015 | Wuhan, Hubei, PRC
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2014 Annual Report
Transport Corridors & CPMM
What is CPMM?
● Detailed measurement and monitoring of corridor efficiency
● Identify bottlenecks, Improve predictability
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2014 Annual Report
Institutional Arrangements: CPMM Partners
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2014 Annual Report
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Time/Cost-Distance (TCD) Methodology
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WUQIA IRKESHTAN KARAMYK DUSHANBE
DUSHANBE BATKEN OSH Wuqia Waiting in queue, 8h Customs clearance 4h, $194 Health inspection 3h, $175
Yierkeshitan-Irkeshtan (PRC-KGZ) border PRC side Waiting in queue , 3h KGZ side Waiting in queue, 3h Customs clearance, 3h, $1000 Health inspection ,1h
Karamyk (KGZ-TAJ) border KGZ side Waiting in queue , 4h Customs clearance, 1h TAJ side Customs clearance, 3h, $200
Dushanbe Waiting in queue, 8h
Osh Waiting in queue , 25h Customs clearance, 2.5h, $30
Isfara-Batken (KGZ-TAJ) border KGZ Side Waiting in queue , 1h Customs clearance, 2h, $10 TAJ Side Waiting in queue , 7h Customs clearance, 4.5h, $200
Dushanbe Customs clearance 2h
DISTANCE (km)
Sample TCD: Kashi (PRC) – Dushanbe (TAJ)
Via Karamyk Via Batken-Isfara
877 km 1,198 km
75 hr 111 hr
$ 7,333 $ 9,212
2014 Annual Report
Trade Facilitation Indicators (TFIs)
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2012 2013 2014
TFI1 Time to Clear a BCP in hours
Avg 10.9 10.0 14.1 Median 4.2 5.3 5.8
TFI2 Cost Incurred at BCP in US$
157 235 172 76 120 125
TFI3 Cost Incurred to Travel a Corridor
Section in US$, per 500km per 20 ton
941 1,467 1,360 598 1,018 937
TFI4 Speed to Travel on CAREC
Corridors (SWD) in kph
23.0 20.0 20.8 25.0 18.2 20.6
Speed without Delay (SWOD) in kph
38.1 36.3 40.2 35.5 34.2 41.4
2014 Annual Report
6
TFI1: Time to Clear Borders Pakistan Data Scenario
13.1 13.2 14.1
10.9 10.0 11.3
2012 2013 2014
ho
urs
Overall (Road and Rail)
● Among indicators, only TFI1 (time to clear a BCP) for road was severely affected by the inclusion of Pakistan data in to the CPMM sample (particularly BCPs along Corridors 5 and 6).
● This is largely due to long border crossing from Pakistan to Afghanistan at Torkham-Peshawar and Chaman-Spin Buldak
2.7
6.1 4.4
7.9
28.9
9.6
6.9 6.6
1 2 3 4 5 6
11.5 9.8 9.9
8.8
5.6 5.9
2012 2013 2014
ho
urs
Road Indicators Road Corridors, 2014
Without Pakistan
With Pakistan*
*PIFFA submissions since 2012 enables CPMM to estimate Pakistan data prior to its formal inclusion into CAREC corridors in 2014
2014 Annual Report
TFI Trends 2010-2014
7
186
163 157
235
172
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
8.7 8.9
10.9 10.0
14.1
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
35 38 38
36
40
24 21
23 20 21
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
674
914 941
1,467
1,360
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
TFI1
Time to Clear a BCP
ho
urs
$
$, p
er 5
00
km
kph
TFI2
Cost Incurred at BCP
TFI3
Cost Incurred to Travel
a Corridor Section
TFI4
Speed to Travel on
CAREC Corridors
(SWD)
2014 Annual Report
Corridor Comparison
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1,360 1,180
513
2,348
1,269
2,050
769
● 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2
3
4
5 6
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100
200
300
400
0 15 30
Co
st (
US$
)
Time (hours)
Time (TFI1) and Cost (TFI2) spent at border crossing
TFI3 Cost Incurred to travel a corridor section, per 500km, in $
40 45
49 48
32 36
46
21 24 24
27
16 17
25
● 1 2 3 4 5 6
Speed Indicators (TFI4) in kph
● Compared to other corridors, Corridor 3 averaged the least cost and least delay to cross a border.
● However, data suggest that it is substantially cheaper to travel along Corridor 2.
● In terms of speed, Corridors 1, 2, 3 and 6 SWOD estimates are above average. However, Corridor 3 reveal efficient border crossing with a narrow SWOD-SWD gap percentage.
2014 Annual Report
Variation in Sample
● The Coefficient of Variation (CV) measures uncertainty, reliability, and predictability.
● The quadrants provide the relative efficiency of corridors in terms of SWD.
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 2 3 4 5 6
SWD
1
2 3
4
5
6
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300
350
400
0 10 20 30 40CV
Speed w/ Delay (kph)
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2014 Annual Report
Spin Buldak AFG 5,6 60.0
Torkham AFG 5,6 36.9
Peshawar PAK 5,6 25.2
Khorgos PRC 1 13.5
Sherkhan Bandar AFG 2,5,6 10.6
Zamyn Uud MON 4 8.8
Tazhen KAZ 2,6 7.8
Konysbayeva KAZ 3,6 7.5
Farap TKM 2,3 7.3
Dustlik UZB 2 7.2
Khorgos KAZ 1 6.8
Fotehobod TAJ 2,3,6 6.6
Chaldovar KGZ 1,3 6.5
● CPMM also highlights BCPs with lengthy delays (in hours) during border clearance
procedures
CAREC BCPs
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OUTBOUND TRAFFIC
Chaman PAK 5,6 36.0
Peshawar PAK 5,6 33.9
Khorgos PRC 1 19.3
Erenhot PRC 4 15.3
Tazhen KAZ 2,6 7.3
Dautota UZB 2,6 6.9
Yallama UZB 3,6 6.4
Alat UZB 2,3 6.2
Sarahs TKM 3 6.1
Dustlik UZB 2 6.0
Sarasiya UZB 3 5.7
Farap TKM 2,3 5.5
Merke KAZ 1,3 5.3
INBOUND TRAFFIC
2014 Annual Report
0.5
7.7
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
1.0
1.1
2.5
0.3
5.0
Border Security / Control
Customs Clearance
Health / Quarantine
Phytosanitary
Veterinary Inspection
Visa/Immigration
GAI/Traffic Inspection
Police Checkpoint / Stop
Transport Inspection
Weight/Standard Inspection
Vehicle Registration
Emergency Repair
Escort / Convoy
Loading / Unloading
Road Toll
Waiting/ Queue
Delays at the border Average duration of delays at BCPs 2014, Road transport, in hours
Waiting in queues and loading/unloading are very time-consuming, and are frequently experienced during shipments, specifically in these BCPs, when entering neighboring countries
● Peshawar (PAK), 12 hrs ● Chaman (PAK), 12 hrs ● Khorgos (PRC), 11 hrs
Among activities with high duration, customs clearance stands out. In 2014, the average delay for customs clearance rose to 7.7 due to lengthy procedures at Chaman and Peshawar.
2014 Annual Report
Rail Transport Efficiency
33
60
50
61
19 25
10 9 7 10
1 2 3 4 5
SWOD
SWD
Route 1: Chongqing-Duisburg Express Train Route 2: Chongqing-Almaty Route 3: Urumqi-Almaty Route 4: Chongqing-Ulaan Baatar Route 5: Tianjin-Ulaan Baatar
● Activities time is very high, constituting about 80%, in conventional trains moving along CAREC Corridor 1 and 4, hence the huge gap in the SWOD and SWD estimates.
● Despite the slow movement during transit, the express train service from Chongqing-Duisburg (Route 1) crosses borders faster and registers faster SWDs.
Long delays at the border are often due to:
● Unavailability of wagons
● Waiting time for Reloading
● Restriction on Entry
● Other common reasons such as ‘Transload at Gauge Change Point’, and ‘Waiting for Priority Trains to Pass’ are important, but there is limited intervention possible.
2014 Annual Report
CAREC BCP Improvements
KAZ: Akzhol-Chu BCP and Almaty-Bishkek road
MON: Zamyn-Uud BCP
KGZ: Bishkek-Torugart road improvement
TAJ: Kulma BCP, border with the PRC and Kyzyl-Art BCP,
border with KGZ (with US Government funding); Khodjent,
Spitamen, Isfara, Gafurov & Murgab; border with KGZ–
Karamyk; border with UZB–Fatehabad, Patar, Zafarabad,
Kushtigirmon/Platina & Aivaj; border with AFG–Kokul,
Ishkoshim, & Ruzvaj
KGZ: Karamyk BCP
TAJ: Guliston BCP, Sarazm BCP and road
rehabilitation between Ayni–Panjakent and the
border with Uzbekistan (with OFID funding)
AFG: Djomarchi Bolo BCP, border with TAJ & Kal’ai Zol BCP
KGZ: border outposts located in Ferghana Valley, Batken,
Leylek, Madaniyat, Kaitpas, Kadamjay, Kyzyl-Bel,
Kairagach and Kyzyl-Kiya
TAJ: Fortekabot BCP & Patar BCP
TAJ-AFG border: Ruzvai, Tem and Ishkashim
ADB-Funded Projects (completed)
EU BOMCA Project
ADB-Funded Projects (ongoing)
2014 Annual Report
CAREC BCP Improvements
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2014 Annual Report
Examining the Competitive Environment
●By route – some options not accessible to all
●By mode – comparative advantages don’t always apply
●By country – some countries discourage transit traffic
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2014 Annual Report
Looking Ahead
Fine-tuning CPMM ●Expanding coverage of railway movements ●Examining how best to measure and monitor
performance of trade logistics services
Reducing Delays at BCPs ●Inviting proposals for new RIBS projects ●Replicating best practice (JCC, express rail
experience) Improving Accessibility
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