exploring the capabilities and economics of cybercrime

Exploring the Capabilities and Economics of Cybercrime

Recent Trends and Highlights

JIM WALTERSENIOR RESEARCH SCIENTIST| CYLANCE

INTRODUCTIONS

JIM WALTER Sr. Research Scientist w/ Cylance

Previously ran Threat Intelligence and Advanced Threat Research efforts at McAfee / Intel Security (1998-2015)

OVERVIEW

Current Attacker Community / Climate

Current Campaign and TTP Highlights

Mechanics

Mitigations & Countermeasures

Conclusions

StatisticsCybercrime

Average Annualized Cost = 9.5 Million

21% Increase in total cost over 2015

Global cost of Cybercrime in FY2016 = ~ 460 Billion

“Malware” dominates attack ‘types’ in 2016

Information loss/theft is now the most costly consequence of cybercrime

StatisticsCybercrime

CryptoWall Alone - ~325 Million

6 Trillion by 2021??*

Cybercrime has become the 2nd most reported economic crime**

Statistics

Statistics

Statistics

Current Community / ClimateSurface Level / Skiddies / unskilled

Mid-level order-followers / unskilled / compensated by higher-ups to install and manage infrastructure and infected nodes (ex: Nigerian Pony Loader networks)

Skilled –to-highly-skilled

Exclusive for-hire operations (ex: Sality & Gazavat)

Nation States / Gov-backed

Long-term and ultra-stealth

Current Community / ClimateRansomware & For-Hire Offerings

Turn-key systems / All Inclusive

Current Community / ClimateRansomware & For-Hire Offerings

Current Community / ClimateRansomware & For-Hire Offerings

Current Community / ClimateRansomware & For-Hire Offerings

Current Community / ClimateRansomware & For-Hire Offerings

Current Community / ClimateRansomware & For-Hire Offerings

Current Community / Climate

Current Community / Climate

Current Community / ClimateRansomware & For-Hire Offerings

Current Community / ClimateFull Service Carding

Campaigns and TTP HighlightsNigerian BEC ‘gangs’

PassCV Group

CozyBear / APT29 (PowerDuke, etc.)

MechanicsNigerian BEC ‘gangs’

Spearphishing, BEC, Pony Loader, Hawkeye, Citadel, iSpy Premium

PassCV Group

Digitally Signed malware

Targets gaming companies

ZxShell, Gh0st RAT, Netwire (COTS)

CozyBear / APT29 (PowerDuke, etc.)

Mechanics CozyBear / APT29 (PowerDuke, etc.)

PowerShell-based malware tools

Phish / SpearPhish

Malicious Macros in Office documents

Spikerush malware encrypted in PNG image files

Mitigations and Countermeasures Take Note . .

A majority of malware is single-use or target/host specific.

A majority of malware does not end up in-the-wild or on VT or similar sharing sites/services.

Mitigations and Countermeasures In 60% Of Cases, Attackers Are Able To Compromise An Organization Within Minutes.

99.9% Of The Exploited Vulnerabilities Were Compromised More Than A Year After The CVE Was Published

95% Of Malware Types Showed Up For Less Than A Month, And Four Out Of Five Didn’t Last Beyond A Week.

70–90% Of Malware Samples Are Unique To An Organization.

Mitigations and CountermeasuresJust under 1500 ‘malware-related’ breaches in 2016 (opposed to physical theft, miscellaneous hacking, social engineering and more)

“Analysis of one of our larger datasets showed that 99% of malware hashes are seen for only 58 seconds or less. In fact, most malware was seen only once. This reflects how quickly hackers are modifying their code to avoid detection.”

Mitigations and CountermeasuresWhat to do?

Signatures and traditional methods will never keep up.

Learn from the past and smarten your countermeasures.

AI /or Machine Learning lead to true prevention and application of updated methodology to endpoint protection.

QUESTIONSAND

ANSWERS

jwalter@cylance.com

Supporting

SAMSA RANSOMWARE TARGETING HOSPITALS / MEDICAL FACILITIES

Payload = Samsa / Samsam Ransomware

‘Pay up to restore functionality’

Targeting Java-based webservers (JBOSS)

Jexboss (python-based JBOSS exploit toolkit)

reGeorg – tunnel RDP via HTTP

csvde, psexec, sdelete – legit tools used to move and function internally

SAMSA RANSOMWARE

SAMSA RANSOMWARE

SAMSA RANSOMWARE

SAMSA RANSOMWARE

SAMSA RANSOMWARE

SAMSA RANSOMWARE