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Existentialism/Nihilism
Gel Gibson
Contents
• Existentialism
• Nihilism
• Differences
• Crime and Punishment
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Origin of Existentialism
• Arose in 19th century Europe
• Founding fathers• Soren Kierkegaard• Friedrich Nietzsche• Fyodor Dostoyevsky• Jean-Paul Sartre
• Became prominent after WWII• Franz Kafka• Martin Heidegger
Existentialism
• Existence precedes essence
• Classified as movement
• Tries to solve problem of life
• Questions human condition
• Tough to define
• Reject large systems
Rejection of Large Systems
• Appealing because they provide purpose
• Unauthentic and bound
• Inhuman perspective
• No recognition of morality
www.worldofsychiatry.com
Existence Precedes Essence
• Essence• Nature of object• Actualization of essence
• Humans choose to act on essence
• Cannot create essence (Aristotle)
• Free choices creates unique essence (Sartre)
“Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself.”
-Jean-Paul Sartre
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Nihilism
• Mid 19th century
• “Fathers and Sons”• Ivan Turgenev
• Political Nihilism
• No meaning/purpose
• “Why” finds no answerwww.listverse.com
Nihilism (continued)
• 4 types• Moral• Epistemological• Cosmic• Existential
• Doesn’t bow down to authority
• Relationship with science
• Necessary stage for truth
http://artsone-open.arts.ubc.ca/plato-gorgias/
“Nothing exists; even if something exists, nothing can be known about it; and even if something can be known about it, knowledge about it can't be communicated to others.”
-Gorgias
Existentialism vs. Nihilism
• Purpose/no purpose
• Nihilism is not necessary characteristic
• Nietsche viewed Nihilism as disease
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Crime and Punishment
• Fyodor Dostoyevsky
• Human choice
• Religion
• Suicide
• Raskolnikov
• “Without God, all is permitted”
Bibiliography
Burnham, Douglas, and George Papandreopoulos. "Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy." Existentialism []. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 17 June 2013. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.
Crowell, Steven. "Existentialism." Stanford University. Stanford University, 23 Aug. 2004. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.
Palmieri, Aurelio. "Nihilism." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 18 Feb. 2014
Phil. "Existentialism." Existentialism. N.p., 20 Sept. 2006. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
Ross, Kelley L. "Existentialism." Existentialism. K12, 3 Apr. 2002. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
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