example of layout #1. pennsylvania#2. albany, ny

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Example of layout#1. Pennsylvania #2. Albany, NY

THE NEW FRONTIER &THE GREAT SOCIETYJohn F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson

Brainstorm Who were the candidates in the 1960

election?

What were the two major issues in 1960?

How did the election of 1960 change politics?

The Election of 1960 New Politics—Television

Debates/Campaigns Millions spent campaigning and 4 TV

Debates (Democrats $6 Million; Republicans $7.5

Million) Kennedy: Catholic, Wealthy & Influential

Family Nixon: Quaker, Former VP

Both focused on economy and were “Cold Warriors” that would stop the forces of Communism Kennedy: “Missile Gap” with US behind

Soviets Nixon: Democrat policies would boost

inflation

A Close Call…but Kennedy Wins

John Fitzgerald Kennedy Asked for citizens to take active role in

nation: “My fellow Americans, ask not what your

country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.”

New Frontier Kennedy’s Progressive Legislative Agenda Increase aid to education, provide health

insurance to elderly, create Department of Urban Affairs

The New Frontier’s Difficulties Democratic Party led House and

Senate

One would think JFK could get laws passed as a Dem

However, many Democrats liked Nixon and JFK did little on the campaign trail for fellow party members

Southern Democrats disliked New Frontier’s cost and defeated many proposals

Kennedy’s Successes Economic Gains by Deficit Spending

Defense and Space Exploration

Area Redevelopment Act and Housing Act created jobs and helped build low-income housing in poor areas

Business Practices Businesses keep prices low Labor leaders and unions reduce demands for wages US Steel companies raised prices—Kennedy threatens to

use cheap foreign steel and prices lower Secondary effect: distrust of JFK by businesses

Raised minimum wage

Kennedy’s Setbacks Tax cuts rejected

Lower taxes will allow companies to expand and all will benefit

“A rising tide lifts all boats” Fears of inflation

Health Insurance for Seniors voted down

Federal Aid for Education never passed

Women’s Rights 1961: Presidential Commission on the Status of

Women Federal action against gender discrimination Right of equally paid employment

1963: Equal Pay Act signed

Women in JFK administration Esther Peterson (Assistant Secretary of Labor and

director of Women’s Bureau of Department of Labor)

Rights of Disabled Americans 1961: President’s Panel on Mental Retardation

Funding of Research into developmental disabilities Educational and Vocational Programs Residential Treatment Centers Grants for prenatal care for low-income mothers

1963: Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act Construction of research centers, funds for training

personnel, grants for building mental health centers

Camp Shriver and the Special Olympics

1962: Eunice Kennedy Shriver, JFK’s sister, opened a day camp for children with developmental disabilities

Gave people with disabilities a chance to be physically competitive and active

Grew into the Special Olympics program 1968: First Special Olympics Games held in

Chicago

JFK and the Cold War

Brainstorming Activity What did Kennedy do to stop the spread

of communism?

What were some examples of crises during the Cold War?

Containing Communism Concern #1: The Soviet Union and Communism

Military Flexibility Buildup of Troops & Conventional Weaponry; Less

dependence on nukes; Special Forces) Economic Aid to Latin America

Alliance for Progress: $20 billion to establish schools, housing, health care, and fairer land distribution

Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, Central America reformed Creation of the Peace Corps

Help fight poverty in less developed nations 2 year stints for volunteers Examples: Sewage systems, Medical Technology,

Roadways, Teach English, etc.

The Space Race Soviets won race with Sputnik in 1957

Yuri Gagarin became first person to orbit space in 1961 (Soviets beat US again)

Kennedy: “this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon”

The US in Space 1962: John Glenn orbits Earth

1965: Apollo orbits Earth Used Saturn V—most powerful rocket

July 20, 1969: Moon Landing Neil Armstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin,

Michael Collins “That’s one small step for a man, one giant

leap for mankind”

Crises of the Cold War Bay of Pigs Invasion (April 1961)

Berlin Wall Goes Up (June 1961)

Cuban Missile Crisis (Summer of 1962)

Death of JFK (November 22, 1963)

Bay of Pigs 1959: Castro overthrows Batista and reforms Cuba

Eisenhower feared use of Cuba as a base for communism—planned attack La Brigada: Cuban exiles trained by CIA to invade Kennedy approves plan

April 17, 1961: La Brigada invades Complete disaster—boats in coral reefs, air support

cancelled, almost 1400 exiled Cubans killed/captured

Berlin Wall Khrushchev upset with

Germans fleeing to West Germany Wants US, British, and France

to withdraw from Berlin Kennedy refuses

Khrushchev responds with wall and guards willing to shoot and kill those trying to escape to capitalistic West Germany

Cuban Missile Crisis Summer of 1962: US learns Soviets

building military base in Cuba

October 22: Kennedy announces to public that spy planes show USSR has long-range missile in Cuba

Kennedy orders naval blockade of Cuba to stop delivery of more missiles, demanded missile sites to be dismantled, and warned US would respond if attacked

Cuban Missile Crisis (continued) USSR offers deal: promise not to invade

Cuba and remove Turkish weapon site in return for missiles being removed from Cuba

Results of Crisis Treaty on Nuclear Testing—Not in

Atmosphere Khrushchev looks weak for retreating from

Cuba Khrushchev loses power in one year USSR show military inferiority and starts

arms races

Warren Court Reforms Activity

ReviewWhy was the election of 1960 important in

regards to politics?

Why was Cuba important during the 1960s?

What were some of the big Supreme Court cases under Earl Warren?

Brainstorming Activity Who is Lyndon B. Johnson?

What did the Great Society focus on?

LYNDON B. JOHNSON & THE GREAT SOCIETYUnited States History

JFK is assassinated November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas

Lee Harvey Oswald: man accused of killing JFK Shot to death two days later while in police

custody by Jack Ruby

Warren Commission (1964): Report looking into JFK assassination Headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren Finding: Oswald was the lone assassin

Lyndon B. Johnson Vice President to JFK

From the “hill country” of Texas; much different style than Kennedy

Known for making things happen by bargaining or finding a consensus

Believed the US should continue Kennedy’s policies

Began a crusade on poverty in America 50 million people in poverty according to Harrington’s The Other

America Mostly in slums, Appalachia, the Deep South, and Native American

Reservations

Election of 1964

Focus of Great Society War on Poverty

Civil Rights

Health care

Education

Consumer and Environmental Protections

The Great Society’s Programs

Review/BrainstormReview

What were some of the Great Society’s programs?

How did Lyndon B. Johnson gain support after the JFK assassination?

Brainstorm What was the Civil Rights Movement? Who are some notable people involved? What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Civil Rights Movement

Overview “Separate but Equal” Doctrine (Plessy v.

Ferguson)

Rosa Parks

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Group Activity Please get into the following groups:

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3Shannon Mike K. Shelby

Shane Carrie EricaKassidy Nate Elon

Group 4 Group 5 Group 6Atlanta Trevor Brandon

Billy Tim JamieNadia Zacc L. Mike C.

Activity Procedure For today’s class, we will be looking at

the Montgomery Bus Boycott through a series of documents.

You will be expected to discuss as a group what the significance of these documents are and will be required to answer a series of follow-up questions towards the end of class.

Documents Pg. 1: Montgomery City Code

Pg. 2: News Recap of Conference to Stop Boycott

Pg. 3: List of African-American Needs (according to Montgomery citizens)

Pg. 4: Editorial Regarding Overturning Plessy v. Ferguson

Pg. 5: Integrated Bus Suggestions by African-American population

Questions to Consider (Discussed)

Pg. 1: What is the significance of this code? What does it really mean?

Pg. 2: What did the African-American community request? Were these requests reasonable? Why or why not?

Pg. 3: How does the separate but equal doctrine get questioned by the African-American population? (Give Examples)

Pg. 4: How do you feel about the editorial? Would you expect the writer to be an African-American? Why or why not?

Pg. 5: What do you think about the suggestions? Give your opinion on at least three.