evolution to 3g
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Evolution to 3G
Ashish Tayal
DGM (TX-II)
ALTTC Ghaziabad
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GSM
Various subsystems1. Network Subsystem includes the equipments and
functions related to end-to-end call, management of
subscribers, mobility and interface with the fixed PSTN.
2. Radio Subsystem includes the equipments and functions
related to the management of the connections on the
radio path including the management of handovers.
Operations and Maintenance subsystem (OMS) includes
the operation and maintenance of GSM equipment andsupports the operator and network interface.
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Network Architecture
BT
S
MSC VLR
HLR
PSTNISDN
Data
Networks
Air interface
OSS
B
T
S
B
T
S
MSC VLR
BSC
BSC
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GSM
Network Structure GSM Service Area
PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area
Location Area
Cells
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GSM
Radio Specifications - I
GSM 900 Mhz
Mobile to Cell (UP-LINK) - 890 to 915 MHz
Cell to Mobile (DOWN -LINK) - 935 to 960 MHz
GSM 1800 Mhz
Mobile to Cell (UP-LINK) - 1710 to 1785 MHz
Cell to Mobile (DOWN -LINK) - 1805 to 1880 MHz
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GSM
3 TYPES OF CONTROL CHANNELS
Dedicated control channel DCCH
P - P For Registration, SDCCH
authentication SACCH
&Handover FACCH
Broadcast control channel BCCH
P- MP For Freq Correction FCCH
For Syncronisation SCH
BCCHCommon control channel CCCH
For ACCESSManagement PCH
RACH
AGCH
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Architecture For Mobile Originated Call
BSS-AMS
VLR-A
MSC-A
PLMN
A- I/F
Signaling
IAM ( ISUP )Radio I/F
Signaling
Send Info
for o/g call
/ ACK
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Architecture For Mobile Terminated Call
GMSC- B BSS-B
MS
VLR-B
MSC-B
VISITING PLMN
A- Interface
Air Interface
HLR-B
IAM ( ISUP )
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TAX
CA
TAXND
GMSCMSC
GMSC
MSC/VLR
ND Mobile moves to CA and Powers on MS
CA
ND
HLR
HLRND
MS
9810098111
CA
ND
( Update Location/
Authentication )
De register
Mobile toOld VLR
ACK from
old
MSC/VLR
VLR
LOCATION UPDATION
VLR
VPLMN
HPLMN
Location Update
( TMSI, LAI )
LU Accept
( New TMSI)
Update
Location
Update
Location
LU Accept
(Subs data)
LU Accept
Update
Location
LU Accept
LU Accept
New VLR recordssubscriber data.
Listens
BCCH/FCCH
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TAX
CA
TAX
ND
GMSC
MSC/VLR
GMSC
MSC/VLR
3. ND PSTN Subscriber Dials ND Mobile Subscriber in CA.
CA
ND
LE TANDEM
HLR
HLR
ND
MS
9810098200CA
NDSRI
PRN to
MSC/VLR
CA
ACK from
MSC/VLR
CA
(MSRN)
MSRN
MSRN
MSRN
MSRN
MSISDN
MSISDNMSISDN
Page(TMSI)
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TAX
CA
TAXND
GMSC
MSC/VLR
GMSC
MSC/VLR
4. CA PSTN Subscriber Dials ND Mobile Subscriber in CA.
CA
ND
LE
HLR
HLR
ND
MS
9810098400
CA
ND
SRI
PRN to
MSC/VLR
CA
ACK from
MSC/VLR
CA
(MSRN)
MSRN
MSISDN
Page(TMSI)
TANDEM
MSISDN
MSISDNMSISDN
MSRN
MSRN
MSRN
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3G Statistics ( As on 30thAugust 2005 )
159 commercial 3G operators in 71 countries.
Over 187 million 3G subscribers reported worldwide.
736 different 3G wireless devices introduced commerciallysince inception of 3 G services.
134 3G CDMA devices launched by 27 vendors in last12months.
Action in wireless industry is 3G.
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3G Standard : The choice is CDMA
In 1999ITU narrowed down on 5 technologies for IMT-
2000, 3 of which are based on CDMA technology.
CDMA is the technology of choice for3G.
These are namely CDMA 2000 1x, W-CDMA ( UMTS ) and
TD-SCDMA.
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Brief Outline
Wireless Generations
What is IMT-2000
IMT-2000 : Key Features and objectives.
Technologies for IMT-2000
GSM-Migration path
3G Deploymentand Spectrum Issues
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Wireless Generations
1946- 1960s 1980s 1990s 2000s
Appeared 1G 2G 3G
Analog Digital Digital
Multi Multi Unified
Standard Standard Standard
Terrestrial Terrestrial Terr. &Sat
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1 G -analog (cellular revolution)- only mobile voice services
2 G - digital (breaking digital barrier)- mostly for voice services &datadelivery
possible
3 G - Voice &data ( breaking data barrier)
- Mainly for data services where voice sevices
will also be possible
Beyond 3G -Wide band OFDM ?
- But surely higher data rates
Wireless Generations
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No Global standards
No common frequency band
Low information bit rates
LIMITATIONS OF 2ndGENERATION SYSTEMS
Low voice quality
No support of Video
Various categories of systems to meet specific
requirements
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INTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOM 2000. ( IMT-2000)
IMT
A FUTURE STANDARD IN WHICH A SINGLEINEXPENSIVE MOBILE TERMINAL CAN TRUELY
PROVIDE COMMUNICATIONSANY TIME AND ANY
WHERE.
THIRDGENERATION (3 G ) STANDARD
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Data Rates up-to 2 Mbps for fixed or IndoorEnvironments.
High speed Packet data services.
Multimedia support.
Backward compatibility with second generation ( 2G ) systems.
Improved system capacity.
Key Requirements of 3G Services
Data Rates up-to 384 kbps forpedestrian or urban Environments.
Data Rates up-to 144 kbps forwide area mobile Environments.
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Integration of Satellite and Terrestrial Systems.
Enhanced Security Performance. Global Seamless Roaming.
Data Rates up-to 2 Mbps for IndoorEnvironment.
Flexible Radio Bearer for Increased Spectrum Efficiency.
Wide Range of Telecommunication Services ( Voice, Data,
Multi-media, Internet ).
Multiple Radio Environments ( Cellular,, cordless, satellite) ).
Common Spectrum Worldwide ( 1.8 2.2 GHz band ).
IMT-2000 VISION
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Evolution Path for GSM
Newspectrum
Existingspectrum
2G evolved 2G 3G
14.4 kbps 64115 kbps 0.3842 mbps115384 kbps
IMT-2000Capable Systems
GSM GPRS EDGE
3G
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GSM Evolution
GPRS
200 KHz carrier
115 Kbps peak data rates
EDGE
200 KHz carrier
Data rates up to 384 Kbps
8-PSK modulation
Higher symbol rate
UMTS
5 MHz carrier
2 Mbps peak data rates
New IMT-2000 2 GHz spectru
GSM
200 KHz carrier
8 full-rate time slots
16 half-rate time slots
GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS
3G2.5G2G
HSCSD
HSCSD
Circuit-switched data
64 Kbps peak data rates
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BSS
BTS
Abis
BSC
Air
Ater
Ater
TC
TCSM
A
MSC
NSS
GSM Architecture NMS
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PSTN
SS7Network
GRPS IPBackboneNetwork
BSC
MSC
SMS-GMSC
HLR/AuC
EIR
CG
DNSSGSN
LIG
PTMSC
BG
GGSN
BTSMS
Internet
Operator B
PLMN
Corporate
Intranet
Corporate
Intranet
Inter-PLMN
Backbone
FWFW
GPRS network
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Differences Between W-CDMA and cdma2000
W-CDMA cdma2000
Asynchronous Synchronous
3.84 Mcps 1.2288 Mcps
New equipment Upgrade existing5 MHz BW 1.25 M Hz BW
3GPP 3GPP2
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Benefits of W-CDMA (UMTS)
Higher voice capacity.
5 MHz bandwidth is more immune to fading.
No accurate Base Station Synchronization Needed.
Support for Hand offTo and From GSM.
Ability to send High Speed Data while Mobile or Fixed -Internet, video, multimedia etc.
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RAN
NMS
PSTN
Internet
CN
Iu-cs
HLR
MSC
MGW
MGW
SGSN
GGSN
GN
A
RNC
RNC
Iur
Iu-cs
Iu-ps
Iu-psIub
BS
BS
BSIub
Uu
Uu
UE
UE
WCDMA Architecture
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2/6/201231
New
modified
routerSoftware
Upgrade
0101001010
SoftwareUpgrade
0101001010
NewSoftware
0101001010
New Software0101001010
New Software0101001010
MSC
PSTN
BSC
BTS
GSM Network
SGSN
WWWEnterprise Network
VPN
IP
Backbone
Adding GPRS Data
GGSN
GPRS
Backbone
New
EquipmentBSC
BSC Upgrade
NewTerminal
New cell sites
(in some cases)
Modem
Pool
BTS
Software
Upgrade
0101001010
BSC Upgrade
NewSoftware
0101010100
New Software
0101010100
New Software0101001010
MSC
PSTN
BSC
BTS
SGSN
WWWEnterprise Network
VPN
IP
Backbone
GGSN
GPRS
Backbone
Newmodified
router
NewEquipment
BSC
NewTerminal
New cell sites(in some cases)
ModemPool
BTS
3G Data
Backbone
3G
GGSN
W-CDMABSC
3G
SGSN
NewEquipment
& Software
NewEquipment
& Software
W-CDMA
BTS
New
Terminal
Adding W-CDMA
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Migration Path
While a multiplicity of 2G standards have beendeveloped and deployed, the ITU wanted to avoid asimilar situation to develop for 3G.
Hence, the ITU Radio communication Sector (ITU-R)has elaborated on a framework for a global set of 3Gstandards, which will f acilitate global roaming byoperating in a common core spectrum and providingmigration path from all the major existing 2Gtechnologies.
The major 2G
Radio access networks are based oneither CDMA One or GSM technologies and differentmigration path is proposed for each of thesetechnologies.
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EMERGING 3G TECHNOLOGIES
1. GSM EDGE.
2. WCDMA or CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO.
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CRITICAL ISSUES IN 3G DEPLOYMENT
1. SEAMLESS MIGRATION OF EXISTING NETWORK.
2. NATURE AND QUANTUM OF LICENSE FEE.
3. INTER OPERATABILITY OF EQUIPMENTS.
4. ALLOCATION OF SPECTRUM.
5. PRICING OF SPECTRUM.
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ISSUES FOR 3G DEPLOVMENT
1. A HIGH RISK BUSINESS, HUGE INVESTMENTS.
2. IT IS UNLIKE 2G WHERE MARKET FORECASTS WERE
CERTAIN.
3. NO ROAD-MAP TO 3G EXISTS.
4. NO PROVEN BUISNESS MODEL EXISTS FOR 3G.
5. IS 2.5 G NOT ENOUGH.
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TRAIs Recommendations on Spectrum for 3GServices.
3G not treated as a new service requiring new license but an
extension of existing 2/2.5 G services.
In order to reach a target of 200m mobile subscribers by end of
2007, GSM and CDMA operators need more spectrum allocation.
Allocation of available spectrum in 800 MHz to be made available
to CDMA operators immediately. Additional spectrum in
450 MHz band to be allocated as when demanded.
Salient Points :
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Reactions to TRAIs Recommendations for
3G Spectrum Allocation
Recommendations focus on comparison and issues relating tojust two specific mobile technologies GSM and CDMA.
Entry fee for3G ??
First mover advantage to CDMA operators back door entry
into 3G CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO.
Drifting from current subscriber based spectrum allocation
criterion for both GSM and CDMA operators, TRAI hassuggested technology natural criterion for allocating spectrum.
CDMA spectrally more efficient !!
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Future!
4thGeneration ??
3rdGeneration
GSM+EDGE
GSM+GRPS
GSM+VAS
2
nd G
eneration (digital)1stGeneration (analogue)
Evolution of mobile networks
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Thank You !!
Questions ?
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