evolution of multicellular life animal tissue types
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Multicellular life
Evolution of multicellular life
Animal tissue types
CampbellFig1.1
CampbellFig 20.2
Animal tissue types
• What is a tissue?• A cooperative unit of many very similar
cells that perform a specific function.• Examples
– Epithelial– Connective– Muscle– Nervous
Review• What are the major characteristics of the plant, animal and fungi
kingdoms?• Sketch basic plant cell and compare it to an animal cell• What are the basis tissue and organ types in plants? What is the
function of each? What special cell are found in each type?• List the major groups of plants and describe each. How does each
group reproduce?• What is alternation of generation? Draw a diagram that briefly
describes this process. Which type of generation is dominant in each major plant group?
• What are fungi? Describe the basic body plan of a fungus. What are the major groups of fungi? How do they reproduce?
• What are lichens and mychorrhizae? • List some harmful fungi and the conditions that result from them• List some beneficial fungi and their effects.
Review• Terms: decomposer, mutualism, parasite, Spore, sporangium,
mushroom, lichaen, hyphae, mycellium, athlete’s foot, ringworm,Candida albicans, dikaryotic, fruiting body, sporophyte, gametophyte, N, 2N, haploid, diploid, photoautotrophic, cellulose, epidermis,mesophyll, stomata, guard cell, meristem, leaf , root, xylem,phloem,ground tissue, vascular tissue, algae, moss, fern, gymnosperm, angiosperm, vascular plant, non-vascularplant.
Review• List the major animal phylums and describe the distinguishing
characteristics of the animals in each. Give several examples ofanimals in each phylum.
• Describe the four tissue types, nervous, muscle, epithelial, connective.• How did tissues and multicellular animals evolve?• How do animals develop? Terms: Zygote, blastula,gastrula, larva• Define choanocyte, ameobocyte, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry,
cephalization, dorsal, ventral , anterior, posterior, cnidocyte, gastrodermis,epidermis, gastrovascular cavity, polyp, medusa, hydra acoelomate, psudocoelomate, coelom, true body cavity. Planarians, flukes, tapeworms, proglottid, scolex, trichinella,redula, mantle, muscular foot, segmentation, earthworms, polychaetes, leeches, Hirudo, medicinalis, exoskeleton, cuticle, molting, head, thorax, abdomen, incomplete and complete metamorhosis, water vascular system, tube feet
• What are the basic chordate characteristics? Notochord etc• Tunicate, amphioxus, lamprey, swimbladder, operculum, coelocanth,
Review• How did the first amphibians arrive on land• Salamander, metamorphosis, frog, aquatic adaptations, terrestrial
adaptations• What are the major adaptations of amphibians, birds, reptiles and
mammals. What are the different types of animals in these groups? Anmiotic egg,plastron, carapace, snake, lizard, turtle, feathers
• How did jaws evolve? Ectothemic, endothermic, acheaoptrex, mammals, placental, oviparous, marsupial, heterodont teeth
Epithelial tissue
• Covers and lines the body and its parts• One surface free, the other bound to
basement membrane• Tissues are named by
– Shape of cells– Number of layers of cells
Epithelial tissue
• Simple= single layer• Stratified = multiple layers• Squamous = flat (tiles)• Cuboudal = like dice• Columnar = like bricks
CampbellFig 20.4
Simple SquamousSimple Cuboidal Campbell
Fig 20.4
In the kidney tubules Lines the lungs
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Lines the esophagus
CampbellFig 20.4
Ciliated columnar epithelium
CampbellFig 20.4
Lines the air ways in the respiratory system
Connective tissue• Binds other tissues an provides support
matrices• Few cells in a nonliving matrix• Three fiber types
– Collagen fibers– Elastic fibers– Reticular fibers
• Fibroblasts - cells that produce connective tissue
Loose connective tissue(Areolar) Campbell
Fig 20.5A
Holds other tissue in placeA “binding” material
Other Connective tissues
Loose
Adipose
Blood
Fibrous connective
Cartilage
CampbellFig 20.5
Bone
Tendons
Dense connective tissue thatAttaches muscle to bone
Like CampbellFig 30.7
Bone Tissue
CampbellFig 20.5D
• Osteocytes• Haversian canal• Lamelle (matrix)
Bone Development
Muscle tissue• Functions in movement• Bundles of long cells ( muscle fiber= muscle cell)
• Skeletal muscle– Attached to bones by tendons, produces voluntary
movement– Striated unbranched
• Smooth muscle– Found in walls of digestive tract, produces involuntary
movements– Unstriated, spindle shaped
• Cardiac Muscle– Striated , branched, produces heartbeat
Smoothmuscle
Skeletalmuscle
Cardiacmuscle
Muscle tissueCampbell 20.6
Nervous Tissue• Responsible for coordinating body activties• Neurons are nerve cells• Motor neurons are nerves that activate
muscles• Compsed of cell body and dendrites• Supported by glial cells
CampbellFig 28.3AModified
Nervous TissueCampbellFig 28.2
Summary
Pop quiz
• What Eukaryotic kingdom has no mitochondria and flagellar motion?
• List the 4 basic animal tissue types.
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