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Papaya, Carica papaya L. is one of the major fruit crops
cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical zones. According
to 2009-2010 estimates, papaya is grown in 95,700 ha
with an annual production of 39,13,500 metric tons and
productivity of 40.9 metric tons per hectare (Anonymous,
2010). Improvement of any crop depends on the chosen
parents for hybridization programme. Hence, evaluation of
varieties is very important. An experiment was carried out to
evaluate intervarietal progenies of Arka Surya and Arka
Prabhath (Arka Surya x Tainung-1) Local Dwarf for various
plant and fruit characteristics, to locate useful progenies. Arka
Surya is a cross between Sunrise Solo x Pink Flesh Sweet
released. It is gynodioecious with medium sized fruits of 600
to 800 g and smooth skin. Arka Prabhath is an advanced
generation hybrid derived from the cross of (Arka Surya x
Tainung-1) Local Dwarf released from Indian Institute of
Horticultural Research. It is gynodioecious in nature, with
large sized fruits of 900 to 1200 g and smooth skin. Both the
fruits have attractive deep pink coloured, soft, crisp pulp free
from typical papaya odour with high TSS (13-140B). Fruit cavity
is small, on ripening fruits attain yellow skin colour.
RESEARCH METHODS
Investigation on evaluation of gynodioecious papaya
Members of the Research Forum
Associated Authors:1Department of Horticulture, Indian
Institute of Horticultural Research,
BENGALURU (KARNATAKA)
INDIA
HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE
hybrids- Arka Surya and Arka Prabhath was carried out during
2010-2011 at the Division of Fruit Crops, Indian Institute of
Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore. The experimental site
is located at an altitude of 890 m above mean sea level with
130N and 17037' E. Soil was red sandy loam with a pH 5.2 –
6.4.The intervarietal progenies of the varieties Arka Surya and
Arka Prabhath were evaluated for both morphological (plant
height, stem girth, number of nodes, number of leaves and
plant spread (East-West, North-South) at the time of first
flowering) and fruit characterstics(fruit weight, fruit length,
fruit width, pulp thickness, total soluble solids, fruit volume,
fruit cavity index, number of seeds and keeping quality).
Seedlings of both varieties were field planted and two months
after planting were evaluated for morphological characters.
General package of practices were followed for the cultivation.
The fifteen progenies (P1-P
15) formed the material and
designated as 15 treatments were used for evaluation for each
variety (Arka Surya and Arka Prabhath). Each treatment was
carried out with five replications following Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD).
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Evaluation of intervarietal progenies of many
combinations has been carried out by many workers in the
Evaluation of gynodioecious papaya varieties - Arka Surya
and Arka Prabhath
BHARATHI NIRUJOGI1 AND M.R. DINESH
Article history :
Received : 01.03.2012
Revised : 17.08.2012
Accepted : 18.09.2012
Research Paper
Author for correspondence :
M.R. DINESH
Department of Horticulture, Indian
Institute of Horticultural Research,
BENGALURU (KARNATAKA)
INDIA
Email : bharathinirujogi@gmail.com
ABSTRACT : Evaluation is one of the prerequisites for choosing the parents in a breeding programme
as it helps in the selection of parents and forms a basis for development of recombinants with the
desirable traits. With this objective selfed progenies from gynodioecious papaya varieties Arka Surya
and Arka Prabhath were evaluated for morphological and fruit traits. Although, they are stable
gynodioecious, still some variation for plant and fruit characters are evident in the progenies due to
different genetic constitution of female and hermaphrodite plants in the population. However quality of
the fruits did not differ much. Hence, a study was envisaged to see the sib mated progeny performance
of both the hybrids.
KEY WORDS : Gynodioecious, Hermaphrodites, Sibmating
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE : Nirujogi, Bharathi and Dinesh, M.R. (2012). Evaluation of gynodioecious
papaya varieties - Arka Surya and Arka Prabhath, Asian J. Hort., 7(2) : 272-275.
THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE
Volume 7 | Issue 2 | December, 2012 | 272-275
Hind Agricultural Research and Training InstituteAsian J. Hort., 7(2) Dec., 2012 : 273
past in papaya with a view to combine desirable characteristics
of many varieties in a single genotype and it helps in the
selection of parents, which contribute useful genes for the
progenies.
Morphological characters:
In the case of papaya, 90 per cent homozygosity can be
reached by sibmating. In gynodioecious varieties due to the
different genetic constitution there always remain some
morphological differences among the progenies the
differences observed here can be attributed to this.Significant
differences were found among the progenies observed for
morphological parameters like plant height, stem girth, number
of nodes, number of leaves and plant spread (East-West,
North-South) at the time of first flowering for Arka Surya and
Arka Prabhath (Table 1). In Arka Surya, within the population
the plant height at first flowering varied from 93.50 to 116.90
cm. In the case of Arka Prabhath it varied from 54.50 to 86.45
cm. Stem girth for Arka Surya was between 5.86 to 8.24 cm and
for Arka Prabhath it varied from 3.91 to 4.95cm. Number of
leaves varied from 18 to 31 and for Arka Prabhath number of
leaves varied from 20 to 33. For Arka Surya, number of nodes
varied from 27 to 32 and for Arka Prabhath number of nodes
varied from 23 to 36. Plant spread in east-west direction for
Arka Surya progeny varied between 140.55 to 212.55 cm and
for Arka Prabhath it varied from 92.20 to 126.60 cm. In north-
south direction for Arka Surya the plant spread in the progenies
varied from135.60 to 214.10 cm and for Arka Prabhath the
progeny varied from 87.34 to 119.66 cm. Several workers have
carried out varietal evaluation in papaya. This difference
among the progenies for various morphological characteristics
is because of the different sex types like females and
hermaphrodites. However, within a population the height gets
evened out after two years. Prior to this work, several workers
hither to have compared varieties (Narasing et al.,1958;
Nakasone et al., 1972, Selvaraj et al., 1975 and Ito et al., 1977).
Fruit characteristics:
Significant differences were observed with respect to
fruit parameters like fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, pulp
thickness, total soluble solids, fruit volume, fruit cavity index
and number of seeds (Table 2). In a population, generally
variation among the progenies gets evened out when averages
are taken out. All though the, varieties Arka Surya and Arka
Prabhath are gynodioecious, the shape and size of the fruit
varies with the sex type i.e. females will be round in shape and
ovular fruits are found in hermaphrodites. However, quality
of fruits do not differ very much for pulp thickness and fruit
cavity index. However it is to be mentioned here that number
of seeds also varies in different sex types because of the
pollen availability and stigmatic fertility. The fruit cavity index
will be invariably bigger in female fruits than the
hermaphrodites. Ito et al. (1977), observed variation for yield
between the different sex types in the varieties Sunrise, Andy
and Waimanalo. However, with regard to the quality attributes
they obtained non significant differences. Fruit weight in the
progenies of Arka Surya varied between 616.92 to 892.40g
and for Arka Prabhath it varied between 828.82 to 2416.50 g. In
Arka Surya fruit length between the progenies varied between
11.12 to 14.84 cm and for Arka Prabhath fruit length between
Table 1 : Evaluation of intervarietal papaya progenies for morphological characteristics at first flowering
Arka Surya Arka Prabhath
Canopy spread
(cm)
Canopy spread
(cm) Progeny
No.
Plant
height
(cm)
Stem
girth
(cm)
No. of
leaves/
plant
No of
nodes/p
lant E-W N-S
Plant
height
(cm)
Stem
girth
(cm)
No. of
leaves/p
lant
No. of
nodes/pla
nt E-W N-S
P1 93.50 5.86 20.00 30.00 154.54 170.50 70.54 4.58 20.00 31.00 110.56 117.94
P2 112.40 5.89 18.00 27.00 170.55 165.90 67.65 4.00 22.00 29.00 109.45 103.80
P3 113.56 8.24 27.00 30.00 177.54 164.50 68.63 4.31 26.00 30.00 118.60 109.60
P4 100.45 6.36 19.00 29.00 173.85 169.45 74.90 4.23 24.00 32.00 126.18 114.75
P5 106.50 6.42 24.00 28.00 175.53 180.65 58.52 4.26 28.00 29.00 100.10 98.68
P6 116.90 7.56 31.00 32.00 200.00 200.00 68.89 4.10 33.00 28.00 92.20 87.34
P7 115.55 7.71 24.00 32.00 212.55 214.10 67.55 4.15 26.00 30.00 113.94 106.56
P8 102.10 7.20 21.00 31.00 186.65 174.55 58.55 4.72 30.00 29.00 120.15 109.78
P9 108.90 7.61 26.00 30.00 204.50 190.45 86.45 4.95 26.00 31.00 120.10 119.66
P10 110.75 7.41 25.00 31.00 192.50 200.10 54.50 4.86 29.00 32.00 103.15 104.90
P11 105.15 6.32 24.00 31.00 160.50 165.50 63.70 4.25 31.00 23.00 121.20 101.00
P12 114.00 6.90 24.00 29.00 170.55 185.40 65.10 3.91 21.00 29.00 113.50 107.50
P13 104.50 6.25 28.00 28.00 140.55 135.60 79.00 4.18 26.00 26.00 119.80 109.60
P14 107.80 6.31 27.00 30.00 167.58 172.55 82.15 4.27 29.00 36.00 126.60 115.76
P15 95.50 6.42 29.00 28.00 170.00 180.80 55.20 4.85 25.00 29.00 107.55 101.50
Mean 101.17 6.83 24.46 29.73 177.15 178.00 68.08 4.37 26.40 29.60 113.53 107.29
BHARATHI NIRUJOGI AND M.R. DINESH
272-275
Hind Agricultural Research and Training InstituteAsian J. Hort., 7(2) Dec., 2012 : 274
the progenies varied from 15.22 to 24.50 cm. For
Arka Surya fruit breadth between the progenies
varied between 8.76 to 12.44 cm and for Arka
Prabhath it varied from 11.38 to 16.76 cm. The
cavity index among the progenies of Arka Surya
varied between 16.22 to 24.25 per cent and for
Arka Prabhath it varied between12.09 to 27.01 per
cent. Data revealed that for Arka Surya pulp
thickness between the progenies varied from1.94
cm to 2.46 cm. In Arka Prabhath, pulp thickness
between the progenies varied from 2.38 to 3.36cm.
For Arka Surya, TSS among the progenies varied
between 8.64 to 13.940B and for Arka Prabhath,
TSS varied between 10.70 to 13.500B. In Arka Surya
number of seeds among the progenies varied from
374 to 775. For Arka Prabhath, number of seeds
among the progenies varied from 696 to 1176. For
both the varieties, Arka Surya and Arka Prabhath
the pulp colour was deep pink in color. For Arka
Surya more keeping quality was observed (3.56-
7.12days) compared to Arka Prabhath (5.92-10.02
days). Several workers prior to this have compared
fruit quality attributes among the varieties and
found significant differences (Nakasone et al.,
1972; Selvaraj et al., 1975; Sulikeri et al., 1977; Pal
et al., 1980; Allan, 1981 and Sundarrajan and
Krishnan, 1984).The progenies in both the
varieties Arka Surya and Arka Prabhath, which
are found to have higher fruit weight, higher TSS
or pulp thickness, were observed not to be the
same progenies (e.g. the progeny P9 of Arka
Prabhath showed higher pulp thickness but lower
TSS). In Arka Surya and Arka Prabhath
understandably the seed yield per fruit among
the progenies varied because of the sex types.
Conclusion:
In the case of papaya, 90 per cent
homozygosity can be reached by sibmating. In
gynodioecious varieties due to the different
genetic constitution there always remain some
morphological differences among the
progenies.The shape and size of the fruit varies
with the sex type i.e., females will be round in
shape and ovular fruits are found in
hermaphrodites. The progenies in both the
varieties Arka Surya and Arka Prabhath, which
were found to have higher fruit weight, higher
TSS or pulp thickness, were observed to be not in
the same progenies. Variations in morphological
traits were seen in some of the progenies. Quality
of fruits in the progenies did not differ much but
for pulp thickness and fruit cavity index. However,
EVALUATION OF GYNODIOECIOUS PAPAYA VARIETIES - ARKA SURYA & ARKA PRABHATH
272-275
Hind Agricultural Research and Training InstituteAsian J. Hort., 7(2) Dec., 2012 : 275
it is to be mentioned here that number of seeds also varies in
different sex types because of the pollen availability and
stigmatic fertility. Generally hermaphrodites were observed to
have higher seed set.
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BHARATHI NIRUJOGI AND M.R. DINESH
272-275
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